Post on 01-Jan-2016
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Attention!!!1. Come in to class and get a mini-dell2. Power up the mini-dell and log on3. Complete the bell ringer below4. Get out your notes.
What led to the Tragedy at Wounded
Knee?( look in notes)
Native Americans
And the effect of Western Settlers
Nomads- roamed vast distances, following their main
source of food- buffalo. Family Structure: Extended family, close to nature Women- domestic tasks: raising children, cooking and
preparing hides. Men- hunting, trading and supervising military Tribal Structure: Divided into bands of 500 people- A governing council headed each band Religion- based on spiritual power of the natural world
Plain Indians
Who are the Native Americans new neighbors?
miners ranchers farmers
Deprived Native Americans of hunting grounds Broke Treaties Forced them to relocate to new territories
Native Americans resisted by riots and conflicts
New Neighbors
Riots, battles and treaties
Annuities- payments to reservation dwellers
made by the government
were given 5 to 30 cents an acre, but most ended up in the hands of American traders.
Little Crow- led starving Dakotas to an uprising. 38 Dakotas were executed.
Those that fled the reservation settled in the Dakotas
Dakota Sioux
Were led by Red Cloud, Crazy Horse
and Sitting Bull Crazy Horse- religious and war leader led troops
into a deadly trap. Captain Fetterman and 80 soldiers were led into an
ambush and the whole detachment was destroyed.
Army suffered a loss
Lakota Sioux
Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian tribes had tensions with the
miners and migrants Bands of Native Americans began raiding wagon trains and
stealing cattle and horses from ranches.
John Evans ordered the Native Americans to surrender at Fort Lyon and they would be given food and protection.
Chief Black Kettle- brought Cheyenne to the fort to negotiate, and was told to make camp at Sand Creek.
Col. Chivington and the Colorado Volunteers attacked the Cheyenne at Sand Creek. 600 Died.
Fetterman’s Massacre
Created 2 large reservations : One for Sioux and
one for other southern Plains Indians.
Agents from Bureau of Indian Affairs ran the reservation. Army was responsible to deal with those the refused to report or remain
The plan failed
The Dakota Sioux faced poverty, despair and corrupt practices on the reservations
Indian Peace Commission
Native Americans leaving reservations because they
preferred to hunt buffalo
Buffalo rapidly disappearing. Migrants crossing the plains had killed thousands. Professional buffalo hunters killed for hides to sell. Other hunters were doing it for sport.
Army encouraged killing of buffalo to try to force Native Americans onto reservations.
Led to: Battle of Little Big Horn Tragedy at Wounded Knee
Last Native American Wars
Lakota Sioux in South Dakota ( Black Hills) were being overran
by miners. The Sioux felt that since Americans were violating the treaty,
they left the reservation to hunt in the Bighorn Mountains.
Government sent an Army force under Lt.Col. George A. Custer Custer planned a three prong attack in broad daylight 2,500 Cheyenne & Lakota attacked the Calvary and killed Custer
and the other 210 soldiers
Custer was perceived as the victim of a massacre Sitting Bull who led the charge fled to Canada, the other
members were forced to return to the reservation
Little Big Horn
Battle of Little Big HornLt. Col. Custer and 210 cavalry soldiers are killed
Native Americans resisted the federal authority to stop the
‘Ghost Dance’. ‘Ghost Dance’- a ritual that celebrates a hoped-for- day of
reckoning when settlers disappear and to reunite with the deceased ancestors.
ghost dance Sitting Bull- returned from Canada and was killed in the
exchange of gunfire while he and supporters were resisting the police.
Native Americans fled the reservation and U.S. troops went after them. A battle at Wounded Knee occurred where 25 U.S soldiers died and 200 Lakota men, women and children were killed.
Tragedy at Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee25 U.S Soldiers and 200 Lakota Men, Women and
Children are killed
Assimilation- to bring into conformity
with the customs, attitudes, etc., of a group, nation.
- absorbed into American society as landowners and citizens
Allotments- breaking up reservations into areas where families could be self-supporting
Assimilation
People believed that the situation would improve if Native
Americans would assimilate into American society. Dawes Act was a plan of assimilation that gave Native
American families individual allotments. Head of household- 160 acres , Single Adults- 80
acres ,Children- 40 acres Remaining land sold to American settlers and placed in a trust
for Native Americans The plan failed because they knew very little about farming
or ranching and had little motivation to pursue that lifestyle The Plains Indians were doomed because they depended on
the buffalo for food, shelter, fuel, and clothing and the herds were becoming wiped out.
Dawes Act
How were the Native Americans of the Plains affected by the Americans migrating west?