Post on 09-Feb-2016
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What’s the Matter?!?
(Describing Matter Unit)
What does our standard say?
Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter.We will start with element:
c) Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas states
Is It Matter?Which of these are matter and which are not?rocks salt baby powderMars milk Jupiterair steam lightdust heat lovecells water sound wavesatoms oxygen gravityelectricity smoke magnetic
force
Write a rule.
What rule did you use to decide if something is matter or not?
What is matter?Unlike energy, matter is…• anything that has mass• and takes up space (has volume.)
Matter can exist in 4 different states:
• Solid• Liquid• Gas• Plasma
Let’s Investigate!!! You’ll need to do some investigation of
matter and draw some of your own conclusions. You’ll be using some solids, a liquid, and a gas.
For now…
you don’t need to investigate the state of matter called “plasma.” Even though most of the matter in the universe is made up of plasma, we will come back to it later.
You will be given a collection of matter:• List each of the objects in your composition book.• Next to it, with your partner, describe it in as many ways as you
can.
• In a few minutes we will compare our notes as a class.• After we have shared, copy the table on the next slide and fill out
the yellow part. We will compare answers.
Item Description
Make a chart to record what you find out. (For now, you will only work on the yellow columns.)
Phase of matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Distance between particles
Movement of particles
Attraction between particles
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Did you figure them out correctly?Phase of matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Distance between particles
Movement of particles
Attraction between particles
Solid Yes Yes
LiquidYes
No, it takes the shape of the container
GasNo
No, it fills whatever space you
give it
Plasma
Let’s find out about the distance between the particles in a solid, a liquid,
and a gas.1. In groups we will draw pictures to show how far apart we
think the particles are in a solid, liquid or gas.2. We will do “How Close are the Particles” POE
POE: How Close are the Particles?Question: How close are the particles in a liquid compared to a gas?P: Air in the syringe After pushing on the plunger
O:
E:
P: Water in the syringe After pushing the plunger
O:
E:
P: Marshmallow in syringe After pushing the plunger
O:
E:
What if the syringe was filled with solid concrete. How far down would the plunger go?
So, how does the distance between particles compare among solids, liquids, and gases?
Go back and fill in the chart.
Did you figure them out correctly?Phase of matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Distance between particles
Movement of particles
Attraction between particles
Solid Yes Yes Close
LiquidYes
No, it takes the shape of the container
Close
GasNo
No, it fills whatever space you
give it
Far apart
Plasma
What is the motion of the particles like?1. “Time for Tea” lab.2. Let’s see a simulation on a great website,
www.pHet.colorado.edu
Did you figure them out correctly?Phase of matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Distance between particles
Movement of particles
Attraction between particles
SolidYes Yes
Close Vibrate in place in an orderly arrangement
LiquidYes
No, it takes the shape of the container
Close Flow around each other
GasNo
No, it fills whatever space you
give it
Far apart Fast and colliding
Plasma
How can we cartoon to show the distance between the particles and the motion of the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas?
Let’s play a game called…
Science Sez
Attraction between particles1. Depends mostly on their distance apart. The farther
apart, the less attraction.2. So…. Which 2 states of matter have particles that are
strongly attracted to each other. Which one are they not as attracted to each other?
Did you figure them out correctly?Phase of matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Distance between particles
Movement of particles
Attraction between particles
SolidYes Yes
Close Vibrate in place in orderly
arrangment
Strongly attracted
LiquidYes
No, it takes the shape of the container
Close Flow around each other
Strongly attracted
GasNo
No, it fills whatever space you
give it
Far apart Fast and colliding
Somewhat attracted
Plasma
A Phase Change Diagram:You’ll need to draw this in your composition book.
See page 80.)
Between what phases do these happen?
CondensationEvaporationVaporization
Melting point/Freezing pointBoiling pointSublimation
Is heat energy being added or removed with each process?
Do all substances melt or boil at the same temperature?
Substance Melting/Freezing Point
oC
Boiling PointoC
Water 0 100
Hydrogen -259 -253
Iron 1536 2860
Lead 327 1740
Oxygen -218 -183
Substance Melting/Freezing
PointoC
Boiling Point
oC
Water 0 100
Hydro-gen
-259 -253
Iron 1536 2860
Lead 327 1740
Oxygen -218 -183
• Earth’s temperature ranges from -88 to 58oC. What state of matter would each substance be in?
• Saturn has a surface temperature of -176oC. What about substances there?
• Neptune’s surface is -218oC. What about substances there?
PLASMAPlasma is a very hot gas that is made of electrically
charged particles. A plasma conducts electrical currents. There is plasma in stars, lightning, and fluorescent lights. The universe is about 99% plasma!!
It was discovered in 1879.
Where is plasma found?• Fluorescent lamps and neon signs• Welding arcs• Lightning• The upper atmosphere (the ionosphere)• Stars and the Sun• the solar wind• interstellar gas clouds• The fireball made by a nuclear weapon• Comet tails
Did you figure them out correctly?Phase of matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Distance between particles
Movement of particles
Attraction between particles
SolidYes Yes
Close Vibrate in place in orderly
arrangement
Strongly attracted
LiquidYes
No, it takes the shape of the
container
Close Flow around each other
Strongly attracted
GasNo
No, it fills whatever
space you give it
Far apart Fast and colliding
LittleAttraction
Plasma No No Very far apart
Extremely fast No attraction