Why do people pass gas, and what causes its odor?

• Intestinal gas (Flatus)o Consist of:

• Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide (air you swallow)

• Hydrogen and Methane (bacteria from food)o Foods that contain sulfur

• Cauliflower, eggs, and meat

Order of digestion• Mouth• Esophagus• Stomach – Break down of food with ACID

• Small Intestine – Send nutrients to blood

• Large Intestine – Absorb water

• Anus – Elimination of waste

Fun facts• Liver - largest organ in the body

• Small Intestine = 22ft long / 1 half inches round

• Food stays in your stomach for 2 -3 hours

• Takes 20 hours to digest food

Cardiovascular System

Arteries• Carry blood AWAY from heart

• Largest is Aorta• Shown in Red- Oxygenated

Veins• Carry blood TO heart

o Shown in blue - Non-oxygenated

• Largest are: o Superior Vena Cavao Inferior Vena Cava

Capillaries• Smallest Blood Vessels

• Thin Walls• Oxygen, Nutrients, CO2

Order of Blood Flow• After your

muscles/organs use blood….o Right Atriumo Right Ventricleo Lungso Left Atriumo Left Ventricleo Aortao Back to your muscles/organs.

What color is your blood?

• Red????????

• BLUE???????

• PURPLE?????

* O blood = Universal blood; can donate to any type!

Fun facts• Whose heart beats faster?

Girls? Boys?

• How much does the heart weigh?

• In one minute how many quarts of blood does the heart pump?

• In one day how many gallons of blood does the heart pump?

• What is the average lifetime of a heart beat?

• The heart does enough work to lift?

• Girls

• 9-11 ounces

• 5 quarts of blood

• 2,500 gallons of blood

• 2.5 billion times

• 3,000lb car

Urinary System removing waste

• All body tissues depend entirely on the correct composition of the blood, which the urinary system works to maintain.

• Pituitary gland (brain) and kidneys work togethero Send hormones to kidneys when blood is not balanced

How does the bladder know when to empty?

• Bladder stretches and expand as urine collects inside.

• Nerves will send a signal to the brain when the bladder is full.

• Brain signals the sphincter, to relax.

Urinary systemMale Female

• Urethra 4 times longer than females.

• Conducts semen and urine.

• The sphincter prevents the semen and urine from eliminating at the same time.

• Urethra used for waste removal only.

• Higher risk of infection.

Male / Female

Kidney Stones• Calcium and Uric acid

crystalize.

• Form in Kidney then get clogged in Ureter.

• Block urine from passing and filling in Bladder.

Respiratory system• Oxygen in – Carbon Dioxide out (waste)• The harder you work the more oxygen you need;

therefore the faster you breathe. • Why is it best to breathe through your nose?

o Serves as a filter to prevent debris entering lungs. o Any debris that get past NOSE hairs trigger the sneeze.

• What is a hiccup?o Involuntary contraction of the diaphragmo Sucks air over vocal cordso Cords snap shut, cutting off the air flow and the sound.

How You

Breathe

How you breathe Cont…

Pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs most commonly caused by a bacteria or virus. Pneumonia can also be caused by inhaling vomit or other foreign substances.

Lung Cancer

Lymphatic/Immune System Fights Infection

• Moves fluid (lymph) throughout body.

• Traps and destroys invaders, such as bacteria, viruses and even cancers.

• Plays large part in IMMUNITY!!

Thymus Gland• Produces White Blood Cells, known as T-cells.

o T-cells produced in bone marrow along with other white blood cells. o Fighter cells!!!!

The Hormonal SystemCoordinates body function

• Nervous system sends electrical signals where as hormonal sends chemical signals throughout body.

• Hormones control: o Growth

• Pituitary Glando Growth of bones and other body tissues

o Developmento Metabolism

Growth Hormone• Produced by pituitary gland.

• Stimulates the growth of bones and other body tissues. • After growth is complete, growth hormone regulates the body’s use of

protein, as well as its use and storage of fat and carbohydrate

Hormones• Both male and female produce both “male” and

“female” hormones.

• Male hormones = Androgens

• Female hormones = Estrogen

Female Reproductive System

Male Reproductive system

• What is circumcision?o Foreskin that covers the head of the penis is removed.o Prevents infections and certain forms of cancero Usually performed 2-3weeks after being born.

• Why are testicles outside the body? o Temperature Regulation – Testicles must stay at about 3 degrees

Fahrenheit below normal body temperature. o If the testicles were inside the body; sperm production would stop.