Post on 20-Jul-2020
transcript
Wind energy in Poland.
State of the art and
looking ahead.
Author: Dr Robert Sobolewski, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland
e-mail: robsob@pb.edu.pl
Presenter: Anna Józefowicz, Polish Embassy in Brazil
e-mail: anna.jozefowicz@msz.gov.pl
Joint Seminar about research and innovation
between the European Union and the state of Ceará
Place: UECE – Fortaleza
7th of April 2014
Wind energy potential in Poland – facts and numbers
Onshore Offshore
Capacity Energy Capacity Energy
GW TWh GW TWh
Theoretical potential 3100 6830 130 380
Technical potential 1400 3600 130 380
Technical potential reduced
by environmental limitations 600 1500 20 60
Economic potential 82 210 7.5 22.5
Market potential 2020 11.5 28 1.5 4.5
Source: Wind Power in Poland 2010, BiznesPolska.pl, BizPoland Magazine
Central Europe
Temperate climate zone
At about 2/3 area – total amount of wind energy of the surface
of 1 m2 at hight of 30 m above ground level is 750 – 1500 kWh/year
Existence of favourable wind conditions for the professional
development of wind energy
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Wind energy potential in Poland - onshore
Wind resource zones:
I – extremely beneficial
II – favourable
III – quite favourable
IV – advers
V – very weak
Wind energy potential in Poland
Zone Wind energy density
[kWh/m2]
I >2000
II 1500 – 2000
III 750 – 1500
IV 500 – 750
V < 500
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Wind energy potential in Poland - offshore
Source: South Baltic Wind Atlas. South Baltic Offshore Wind Energy Regions Project. Riso-R-1775 (EN), May 2011
Averaged wind speed simulated for the period 2007 – 2009
and interpolated to the level of 100 m
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State of the art of wind energy in Poland
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Wind power 152,56 287,9 451,09 724,66 1180,27 1616,36 2496,75 3389,54
Total RES* 1362,14 1523,77 1678,27 1993,25 2556,42 3082,04 4416,09 5510,68
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Wind power installed against total power of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Poland in 2006 – 2013 [MW]
Source: Polish Wind Energy Association, www.psew.pl
*) biogas, biomass, PV panels, wind and water
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State of the art of wind energy in Poland
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Wind energy 142,3 135,3 388,4 494,2 790,2 1029 1485 3126 4435 5822
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Wind energy produced in Poland in 2004 - 2013 [GWh]
Source: Polish Wind Energy Association, www.psew.pl
Development of wind
energy in Poland:
system of green
certificates for renevable
energy generated,
producers of
electricity from RES get
incomes from two
sources – sale of
electricity and sale of
green certificates,
power stations
operators and electricity
suppliers are required to
obtain and submit to
redemption the
certificates of origin, or
to pay the replacement
fee.
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State of the art of wind energy in Poland
Zachodniopomorskie
Voivodeship (the seaside):
has highly favourable
wind conditions
leads the way in
harnessing wind power to
produce electricity,
biggest wind farms:
Białogard District – 90
MW, Kamien Pomorski
District – 90.6 MW,
Kolobrzeg District – 156.2
MW, Slawno District –
200.26 MW,
Cisowo – the first wind
farm in Poland (1999) – 5
wind turbines 132 kW each
one.
7 Source: Energy Regulatory Office, www.ure.gov.pl
Wind power capacity at the end of 2013 [MW]
Number of installations
157.36
9
306.69
226
2.15
5
56.6
7
313.19
178
2.69
11
155.67
64
96.15
11
84.18
25
122.7
20
378.43
36
12.75
17
7.76
15
217.07
26
430.54
130
1045.3
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State of the art of wind energy in Poland
End of 2012 New 2013 Total (End of 2013)
Poland 2496 894 3390
Germany 31270 3238 34250
Spain 22784 175 22959
United Kingdom 8649 1883 10531
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
Installed wind power capacity in Poland and three leaders in Europe 2012 – 2013 [MW]
Source: GWEC; www.gwec.net 8
State of the art of wind energy in Poland
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Total EU 27 Malta
Slovakia Slovenia
Czech Republic Hungary
Latvia Finland Poland
Lithuania Bulgaria Romania
Luxemburg France
Belgium United Kingdom
Italy Netherlands
Greece Austria Cyprus Estonia Ireland
Germany Sweden Portugal
Spain Denmark
Wind power capacity per 1000 inhabitants in the EU in 2012 [kW/inhab.]
Source: Wind Energy Barometer-Euroobserv’er, February 2013 9
The future of wind energy in Poland
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Small wind systems 10 70 130 190 250 310 369 429 600
Offshore wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 1000 1500
Onshore wind 2303 3202 4101 5000 6561 8098 9060 10008 10893
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
The development scenario of total installed capacity in wind power turbines in Poland, 2010-2020 [MW]
Source: The wind power development in Poland by 2020 – a vision” report. Summary, www.psew.pl 10
The future of wind energy in Poland
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Others 1875 2613 3639 4665 6886 9074 9941 10800 11687
OEM 763 1080 1396 1713 2248 2775 3277 3774 4288
Installation 1118 2077 3228 4378 6324 8240 9762 11269 12825
WTGs manufacturing-indirect 990 1622 2831 4039 7054 10025 11942 12937 13964
WTGs manufacturing-direct 1883 2937 4951 6965 11990 16941 20137 21795 23507
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Cumulated jobs in the Polish wind power sector, 2012-2020
Source: The wind power development in Poland by 2020 – a vision” report. Summary; www.ieo.pl 11
The future of wind energy in Poland
National RES industry Roadmap Polish NREAP**
MW
installed
RES
electricity
generation
[GWh]
% in
electricity
consumption
MW
installed
RES
electricity
generation
% in
electricity
consumption
Wind
onshore 10000 23600 13.9 6150 13710 8.1
Wind
offshore 500 1800 1.1 500 1500 0.9
Total RES* 15504 43737 25.8 10335 32400 19.1
Source: Mapping Renewable Energy Pathways Toward 2020, EU Roadmap; European Renewable Energy Council; www.pigeo.pl
*) hydro, geothermal, photovoltaic, biomass, biogas
**) National Renewable Energy Action Plan
Projections for Renewable Energies in Poland, 2020
Barriers in wind energy sector development in Poland:
lack of grid connections possibilities (in many areas the connection capacity is blocked
by a large number of wind farms which have recived grid connection terms already,
large number of wind farms projects in some areas raise unacceptance because of
possible negative impact on the environment – local opponents,
critics argue that wind energy can have negative impact on landscape and tourists
incomes,
development and investments processes in the offshore wind energy sector are
significantly longer then in onshore one. 12
Future of off-shore wind farms in Poland
Source: Project „South Baltic OFF.E.R”, www.southbaltic-offshore.eu
Concept of the Polish Offshore Grid – forecast for 2030
13
Polish offshore grids
(Concept)
LEGEND:
Areas of offshore WF sites
Joints of offshore wind farms
Onshore – offshore joints
Substations
Existing line HV DC
Planned line HV DC
Protected areas – Nature 2000
Wind energy industry in Poland
Polish industry ready for manufacturing all components of
wind turbines, foundations and other technical
infrastructure:
• towers, nacelles, hubs – steel, metallurgy and
shipbuilding industry,
• generators, transformers, control systems –
electromechanical industry,
• gears, ramparts, clatches, breaks, bearings, hydraulical
and pneumatic systems – mechanical industry,
• composite blades – aviation industry,
• automatic and control systems – control and electronics
industry,
• specialized ships for installing and maintenance of
offshore wind turbines – shipbuilding industry.
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Wind energy industry in Poland
>> Polish enterprises obtain orders for wind turbine
elements from EU partners and Polish wind farm
developers.
>> Cooperation between Polish enterprises and EU wind
turbine manufacturers in the field of advanced
technologies.
>> Manufacturing of wind turbine elements concentrates
mainly in north and west region of Poland – localization
of appriopriate industry, proximity of customers and
accessibility of harbours for sea transport of the
elements.
>> There are no manufactures in Poland that offer complete
wind turbines of high power.
>> Some enterprises which operate in the wind energy
sector are branches of international companies.
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Wind energy industry in Poland – some examples
Name of the company Address www Area of activity
Celsa Huta Ostrowiec
27-400 Ostrowiec
Świętokrzyski
Samsonowicza 2
www.celsaho.com Ramparts and other steal
elements
Fabryka Maszyn
Budowlanych FAMABA
S.A.
67-200 Głogów
Portowa 1 www.famaba-glogow.pl
Towers for onshore and
offshore wind turbines
Wytwórnia Konstrukcji
stalowych Ostrowiec
27-400 Ostrowiec
Świętokrzyski
Gulińskiego 30
www.wks.com.pl Bodies and nacelles
Zakład Budownictwa
Energetycznego Sp. z o.o.
75-221 Koszalin
Morska 16 www.zbe.koszalin.pl
Substations up to 1600
kVA
Zakład Prefabrykacji HCZ
PREMET Sp. z o.o.
42-200 Czestochowa
Rejtana 6 huta.isd-poland.com Constructional elements
ZASTA Sp. z o.o. 76-200 Slupsk
Owocowa 4-8 www.zasta.eu Towers
Stocznia Gdanska S.A. 80-873 Gdansk
Na Ostrowiu 15/20 www.stocznia.gda.pl
Towers for onshore and
offshore wind turbines
Aarselff 02-681 Warszawa
Al. Wyscigowa 6 www.aarselff.com.pl
Foundations to wind
turbine towers
Spomasz S.A. 68-200 Żary
Okrzei 104 www.spomasz-zary.pl
Platforms of ofshore
towers
LM Wind Power Blades
Sp. Z o.o.
72-100 Goleniow,
Lozienica
Nowa 3
www.lmwindpower.com Blades
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Name of the company Address www Area of activity
Mostostal Chojnice S.A. 89-620 Chojnice
Przemyslowa 4 mostostal.chojnice.pl
Towers for wind turbines
onshore and offshore
Telefonika Kable S.A. 30-663 Krakow
Wierlicka 114 www.tfkable.pl Cables
Fabryka
Transformatorow
Zychlin
99-320 Zychlin
Narutowicza 70 www.ftz.pl
Transformers, range of
rated power 2500 – 90000
kVA
CRIST S.A. 80-867 Gdansk
Swojska 12 www.crist.com.pl
Working platform for
offshore wind turbines
EUROS Zory-
Warszowice
43-254 Warszowice
Gajowa 5A
www.euros.de/pl/company_
warszowice.html Blades
EUROS Ustron 43-450 Ustron
J. Kreta 2
www.euros.de/pl/company_
ustron.html Blades
Wind energy industry in Poland – some examples
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Examples of research projects in the field of wind energy in Poland
Title of the project Beneficiary Opening
date
Closing
date
Budget
[zl (US dollars)]
Creation of the electrical
generator prototype powered by
wind turbine and its
implementation
Dolnoslaska
Fabryka Maszyn
Elektrycznych
p. z o.o.
2009.03.19 2010.09.30 651 164
(217 000)
Research and development
leading to implementation of
innovative wind turbine
SIGMA S.A., Barak 2009.11.06 2011.09.30 1 418 280
(473 000)
The first in Poland vertical axis
wind turbine based on Polish
response
MEPROZET Stare
Kurowo Sp. z o.o. 2011.04.01 2014.06.30
5 393 766
(1 798 000)
Research and development of
innovative small wind turbines POLBUD S.A. 2011.04.15 2013.12.31
3 265 156
(1 088 000)
Comprehensive response of the
variable rotating small wind
turbine equipped with storage
energy module and applied to
distributed generating systems
Warsaw University
of Technology 2009.10.01 2012.12.31
1 136 600
(379 000)
Optimization system of power
control of wind farm under limited
possibilities of grid capacity
Lublin University
of Technology 2009.10.01 2012.09.30
780 000
(260 000)
The AC/DC/AC inverter for
asynchronous machine powered
by hydro and wind turbine
Bialystok
University of
Technology
2009.08.01 2012.04.30 870 000
(290 000)
Creation and implementation of
the family of vertical axis wind
turbines
ARTBAU Sp. z o.o. 2010.03.04 2012.03.30 1 645 000
(548 000)
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Title of the project Beneficiary Opening
date
Closing
date
Budget
[zl (US dollars)]
The AC/AC inverter with silicon
carbide elements and applied to
wind turbine generatos in aff-grid
and on-grid systems
Gdansk University
of Technology 2010.05.01 2012.12.31
862 000
(287 000)
Small wind turbine optimized for
low wind speed conditions
Military University
of Technology in
Warsaw
2013.10.01 2016.07.31 3 822 941
(1 274 000)
Innovative vertical axis wind
turbine of 1.5 MW equipped with
highly effective power inverter
STALPRODUKT
S.A., Bochnia 2013.12.01 2016.09.30
27 599 808
(9 200 000)
Designing and analysis of locating
and anchoring systems of offshore
wind turbine platforms for South
Baltic sea
Gdansk University
of Technology 2013.12.01 2016.11.30
1 177 200
(392 000)
Designing and analysis of locating
and anchoring systems of offshore
wind turbine platforms for South
Baltic sea
Stocznia
Remontowa
NAUTA S.A. Gdynia
2013.12.01 2016.11.30 402 016
(134 000)
TOTAL 49 023 931
(16 341 000)
Examples of research projects in the field of wind energy in Poland
Source: The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR) 19
About the Author:
Dr. Robert Adam Sobolewski
Assistant Professor at Department of Power Engineering, Photonics and Ligthing
Technics, Bialystok University of Technology, e-mail: robsob@pb.edu.pl
Fields of research and possible cooperation with Brazilian researchers:
- wind farm power output estimation and forecasting,
- reliability of power systems with wind power integrated,
- protective relaying within wind turbines and wind farms.
Papers:
1. Sobolewski R.A., Feijoo A.E.: Semi-Markov model for evaluation of wind farm output power
probabilistic characteristics (submitted, under review).
2. Sobolewski R.A., Feijoo A.E.: Estimation of wind farms aggregated power output distribution.
In: International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 46(2013) 241-249.
3. Feijoo A., Villanueva D., Pazos J.L., Sobolewski R.: Simulation of correlated wind speeds: A
review. In: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(2011) 2826-2832.
4. Sobolewski R.A.: Analiza niezawodności układu wytwórczo-przyłączeniowego turbiny
wiatrowej wykorzystująca kryterium ekonomiczne niezawodności. W: Przegląd
Elektrotechniczny R. 86 Nr 10/2010, s. 324-329 (in Polish).
5. Feijoo A., Sobolewski R.: Simulation of correlated wind speeds. In: International Journal of
Electrical Energy Systems. Volume 1, Number 2, July-December 2009, pp. 99-106.
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