Post on 03-Jan-2016
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Windows ThreadingWindows Threading
Colin RobyJaewook KimColin RobyJaewook Kim
P PP P P PMicrokernelMicrokernel
Multi-Processor Computing System
Threads InterfaceThreads Interface
Hardware
Operating System
ProcessProcessor ThreadPP
Applications
Programming paradigms
OS, Process, and ThreadOS, Process, and Thread
Legacy Window Threading Model (Co-operative Threading)
Legacy Window Threading Model (Co-operative Threading)
Co-operative ThreadingCo-operative Threading
Used by Old 16-bit Window PlatformThread continue execution until
Thread terminatesExecutes instruction causing wait (e.g., IO)Thread volunteering to stop (invoking yield or sleep)
Used by Old 16-bit Window PlatformThread continue execution until
Thread terminatesExecutes instruction causing wait (e.g., IO)Thread volunteering to stop (invoking yield or sleep)
Architecture for Cooperative Threading Model
Architecture for Cooperative Threading Model
Advantages & DisadvantagesAdvantages & Disadvantages
Threading Models from Windows NT to 2003Threading Models from Windows NT to 2003
Windows NT~2003 OSWindows NT~2003 OS
Preemptive multi-processing operating system
The OS schedules the CPU timeThe application can be preempted by OS scheduler
Preemptive multi-processing operating system
The OS schedules the CPU timeThe application can be preempted by OS scheduler
Windows ThreadWindows Thread
The unit of execution (in UNIX, Process is the unit)Implements the one-to-one mappingEach thread contains
A thread idRegister setSeparate user and kernel stacksPrivate data storage area
The register set, stacks, and private storage area are known as the context of the threadsThe primary data structures of a thread include:
ETHREAD (executive thread block)KTHREAD (kernel thread block)TEB (thread environment block)
The unit of execution (in UNIX, Process is the unit)Implements the one-to-one mappingEach thread contains
A thread idRegister setSeparate user and kernel stacksPrivate data storage area
The register set, stacks, and private storage area are known as the context of the threadsThe primary data structures of a thread include:
ETHREAD (executive thread block)KTHREAD (kernel thread block)TEB (thread environment block)
Windows Thread TypesWindows Thread Types
Single ThreadingEach process is started with a single thread
Multiple ThreadingA thread can be created by Win32 Pthread or Windows Thread API
Hyper ThreadingSimultaneous multithreading technology on the Pentium 4 microarchitecture by IntelSupported by Windows 2000 or more
Single ThreadingEach process is started with a single thread
Multiple ThreadingA thread can be created by Win32 Pthread or Windows Thread API
Hyper ThreadingSimultaneous multithreading technology on the Pentium 4 microarchitecture by IntelSupported by Windows 2000 or more
Windows Threading ModelsWindows Threading Models
Win32 Threading ModelWin32 Pthread or Windows Thread API
COM (Component Object Model) Threading Model
Single Threaded Apartments (STA)Multi Threaded Apartments (MTA) Both Threading Model (STA or MTA)
Win32 Threading ModelWin32 Pthread or Windows Thread API
COM (Component Object Model) Threading Model
Single Threaded Apartments (STA)Multi Threaded Apartments (MTA) Both Threading Model (STA or MTA)
STA & MTASTA & MTA
COM Object
COM Object
Thread SynchronizationThread Synchronization
Win32 Threading ExampleWin32 Threading Example
Creating a ThreadCreating a Threadstart_servers( ) {
HANDLE thread; DWORD id; int i;for (i=0; i<nr_of_server_threads; i++)
thread = CreateThread(0, // security attributes0, // default # of stack pages allocated(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) server, // start
routine(LPVOID)0, // argument0, // creation flags&id); // thread ID
...}
DWORD WINAPI server(void *arg) {while(TRUE)
// get and handle requestreturn(0);
}
start_servers( ) {HANDLE thread; DWORD id; int i;for (i=0; i<nr_of_server_threads; i++)
thread = CreateThread(0, // security attributes0, // default # of stack pages allocated(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) server, // start
routine(LPVOID)0, // argument0, // creation flags&id); // thread ID
...}
DWORD WINAPI server(void *arg) {while(TRUE)
// get and handle requestreturn(0);
}
When is it done?When is it done?
rlogind(int r_in, int r_out, int l_in, int l_out) {HANDLE in_thread, out_thread;two_ints_t in={r_in, l_out}, out={l_in, r_out};
in_thread = CreateThread(0, 0, incoming, &in, 0, &id);out_thread = CreateThread(0, 0, outgoing, &out, 0, &id);
WaitForSingleObject(in_thread, INFINITE);CloseHandle(in_thread);WaitForSingleObject(out_thread, INFINITE);CloseHandle(out_thread);
}
rlogind(int r_in, int r_out, int l_in, int l_out) {HANDLE in_thread, out_thread;two_ints_t in={r_in, l_out}, out={l_in, r_out};
in_thread = CreateThread(0, 0, incoming, &in, 0, &id);out_thread = CreateThread(0, 0, outgoing, &out, 0, &id);
WaitForSingleObject(in_thread, INFINITE);CloseHandle(in_thread);WaitForSingleObject(out_thread, INFINITE);CloseHandle(out_thread);
}
TerminationTermination
ExitThread((DWORD) value);
return((DWORD) value);
WaitForSingleObject(thread, timeOutValue);
GetExitCodeThread(thread, &value);
CloseHandle(thread);
ExitThread((DWORD) value);
return((DWORD) value);
WaitForSingleObject(thread, timeOutValue);
GetExitCodeThread(thread, &value);
CloseHandle(thread);
Threading Model for Multicore SystemThreading Model for Multicore System
Additional SlidesAdditional Slides
21
Basic concepts used for CPU and resource management
Basic concepts used for CPU and resource management
Processes and Threads (1)Processes and Threads (1)
22
Relationship between jobs, processes, threads, and fibers
Relationship between jobs, processes, threads, and fibers
Processes and Threads (2)Processes and Threads (2)
23Some of Win32 calls for managing processes, threads and
fibersSome of Win32 calls for managing processes, threads and
fibers
Job, Process, Thread & Fiber Mgmt. API CallsJob, Process, Thread & Fiber Mgmt. API Calls
Windows ThreadingWindows Threading
One-to-one modelOne-to-one model
One-to-one modelA process in Windows XP is inert; it executes nothing
A process simply owns a 4GB address space that contains code and data for an application.In addition, a process owns other resources, such as files, memory allocations, and threads.
Every process in Windows XP has a primary thread.
Threads in Windows XP are kernel-level threads.Per-thread data structures:
Total user/kernel time, kernel stack, thread-scheduling info.,Thread-local storage array, thread environment block (TEB),List of objects thread is waiting on, synchronization info. Etc.
One-to-one modelA process in Windows XP is inert; it executes nothing
A process simply owns a 4GB address space that contains code and data for an application.In addition, a process owns other resources, such as files, memory allocations, and threads.
Every process in Windows XP has a primary thread.
Threads in Windows XP are kernel-level threads.Per-thread data structures:
Total user/kernel time, kernel stack, thread-scheduling info.,Thread-local storage array, thread environment block (TEB),List of objects thread is waiting on, synchronization info. Etc.
Fibers vs. ThreadsFibers vs. Threads
Fibers vs. ThreadsFibers are often called “lightweight” threads.
They allow an application to schedule its own “threads” of execution.
Fibers are invisible to the kernel.They are implemented in user-mode in Kernel32.dll
Fibers interfaceConvertThreadToFiber() converts a thread to a running fiber.A new fiber can be created using CreateFiber().The new fiber runs until it exits or until it calls SwitchToFiber().
Fibers provide a functionality of the many-to-many model.
Fibers vs. ThreadsFibers are often called “lightweight” threads.
They allow an application to schedule its own “threads” of execution.
Fibers are invisible to the kernel.They are implemented in user-mode in Kernel32.dll
Fibers interfaceConvertThreadToFiber() converts a thread to a running fiber.A new fiber can be created using CreateFiber().The new fiber runs until it exits or until it calls SwitchToFiber().
Fibers provide a functionality of the many-to-many model.
Stack PagesStack Pages
HANDLE thread;
thread = CreateThread(0, 16*1024, startroutine, arg, 0, &id);
HANDLE thread;
thread = CreateThread(0, 16*1024, startroutine, arg, 0, &id);
Client Script CallbacksClient Script Callbacks