Post on 19-Dec-2015
transcript
Wireless Application Protocol and i-Mode
By
Sridevi Madduri
Swetha Kucherlapati
Sharrmila Jeyachandran
Presentation Outline
Motivation Introduction to WAP WAP Architecture Introduction to i-Mode i-Mode Architecture WAP Versus i-Mode Conclusion
Motivation
The need to access the Internet Content with handheld devices from anywhere
Characteristics of handheld devices:
- Weak CPU
- Limited memory
- Limited battery power
- Limited user I/O
Introduction to WAP
Gateway to a new world of mobile data Universal standard which enables users to easily access
Web based interactive information services and applications from the screens of their mobile phones
WAP Forum – Initial proposals came from Ericsson, Nokia and Phone.com.
WAP can work over several wireless technologies WAP stack can operate on various mobile devices with
different operating system.
Introduction to WAP cont’d
Client application is a micro-browser Uses Wireless Markup Language Information is organized as decks and cards XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTMLMB) replaces WML in
WAP 2.0 Commerce, finance , entertainment and messaging
applications are the most widely used services.
WAP Architecture
WAP Architecture cont’d
WAP Gateway provides the following functions:
- translate WAP protocols to web protocols
- encode WAP content into a compact for radio transfer and decode compact
content transmitted over radio
- manage user profiles (client capabilities and user preferences)
WAP protocol architecture Wireless Application Environment (WAE) –
Application level services, tools and languages for content handling
Wireless Session protocol (WSP) – connection-oriented and connectionless sessions
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) – reliable connection and transaction oriented services , flow control, retransmissions
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) – privacy, integrity, authentication and end-to-end security
Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) – common interface to physical bearers
Introduction to i-Mode
Japan’s leading cellular phone operator NTTDocoMo launched
i-Mode in 1999
i-Mode is a packet-switched mobile phone service, which offers
continuous , always-on internet access
i-Mode uses Personal Digital Cellular Packet (PDC-P) bearer
Client application is a micro-browser
i-Mode enabled websites use compact HTML (cHTML), a subset
of HTML4.0
Simple entertainment represents more than 75% of the
traffic followed by email and news.
i-Mode Communication Model
i-Mode Architecture
i-Mode Protocol Architecture Transport Layer protocol (TLP) – Improved efficiency in
PDC-P network over TCP, no 3-way handshake Application Layer Protocol (ALP) – supports both pull and
push style communication, direct communication between mobile phone and i-Mode server
User Information Transfer Protocol (UITP) – sends subscriber information from PDP-C network to i-Mode server
Network Management Protocol (NWMP) – perform signaling (start/end of communication)
WAP and i-Mode Features Open specification for
content handling in wireless networks
Site based on WML 39% of world’s wireless
internet users Usually used over circuit
switched connections Services business-oriented,
work-oriented Anyone can produce
contents, content menus
Wireless internet service
Sites based on cHTML 60% of world’s wireless
internet users Usually used over packet-
switched networks Services user-oriented, fun-
oriented Anyone can produce
content , DoCoMo operates content menus
Conclusion
WAP is an open specification developed by a consortium i-Mode is a service developed by NTTDoCoMo 3G – services (FOMA) are currently provide for i-Mode
users WAP 2.0 is a step toward integrating previous releases
of WAP and i-Mode.
Questions
How Secure is WAP ?- WTLS protocol / client & WAP gateway- SSL / web server and WAP gateway- Security parameters to protect the session (like
encryption protocols, signature algorithms, public keys)
- Keys negotiated periodically- Client and Server authentication using certificates,
secure exchange of keys , encryption of data, digital signing.
Questions cont’d Does i-mode support JAVA ?- ‘i-appli’ : service that provides a integrated
platform for appl programs written in java for i-mode capable phones.
- KVM
Questions cont’d
What security measures are implemented in i-mode?
- SSL/TLS protocol provides server authentication and i-mode devices have certificates pre-installed
- Confidentiality and integrity of application data is guaranteed
- Client authentication via applications specific means
Questions cont’d
Are browsers like IE and Netscape supported by i-mode? If not why? What is the remedy?
- Micro-browsers - Low memory and bandwidth capacities
Can WAP and i-Mode Co-exist?
Yes
THANK YOU