Post on 11-Jan-2016
transcript
Women’s Sports Industry: A Study in Opportunity – Ch 20
Notes from Women in Sport, Greta Cohen, Ed.
Notes by Nancy Bailey
Purpose of the chapter Present economic issues impacting
women & sport Describe Industry segments Include brief Interviews with
experts
Present economic issues impacting women & sport
Describe Industry segments Include brief Interviews with
experts
Professional Leagues: Basketball & Softball Two leagues late 90’s – American
Basketball League & the WNBA ABBL: 8 teams playing 40 games;
located in college towns; hired some local talent to draw spectators
New England franchise drew 8,000 Salaries were about $80,000
ABBL Closed: 1998 Economic reasons: No solid broadcast contract Resulted in limited visibility &
marketablility Had Fox & BET, but no major
network WNBA opened in June 1997
WNBA Success Located in NBA cities Names of teams somewhat paralleled
the NBA teams (Utah Starzz – Jazz; Houston Comets – Rockets)
Salaries $32,500 to 60,000 + benefits,
Tuition reimbursement, paid maternity leave, in-season housing allowance, per diems
NBA Partnership 1st players’ union negotiated
contract in 1999 Share offices, staffs & facilities NBA internet websites have links to
WNBA Publicity during the NBA broadcasts National broadcast contracts: NBC,
ESPN, Lifetime
NBA Partnership 2 Local agreements: franchises have
contracts with Direct TV called WNBA Season Pass
Broadcast in 125 countries in 1999
Softball League 1996- International Women’s
Professional Softball Association – 10 teams
Went broke & folded after four years
1997 Women’s Professional Fastpitch & changed name in ’98:Women’s Pro Softball League
Four franchises in 2000
Softball League Description Sponsors: AT&T, B of A, Louisville
Slugger, and others Broadcast deal with ESPN2 From 1998-2000, 25 games
broadcast Sometimes higher rating than
soccer or hockey games Salaries: $4800 - $15,000 for 3
month, 32 game season
Players Belong to the League Salaries are summer supplements
for women who work fulltime in the off season
Each team has a salary cap Lots of talent disparity in the 1st
year Few players have agents; get
endorsements on their own
Not Much Exposure for Players Dot Richardson’s name recognition,
for example – Olympic team experience
Travel 72 games in 78 days From Tampa to Virginia by bus Two flights to Akron, Ohio Exhibition games v. U.S. Team;
broadcast Every team plays every week end
Professional Tours: Golf & Tennis LPGA established in 1949 Babe Zaharias, Patty Berg, Louise
Suggs among 13 founders Board members did it all: planned,
org. tournaments, managed membership
No financial support 1st year: $50,000 prize money
LPGA Growth In 1959: 26 tournaments for $200,000 In 1996 raised $78 million for charity Eight events had 1 million + purse 34 of 42 tour events broadcast $35.5 million in prize money By 1990’s more TV coverage than other
women’s sport: 30 national marketing partners: all major networks + cable
Tennis The economic struggles in women’s
sport exemplified in professional tennis Virginia Slims in 1970’s – Billie Jean King 2000: woman winner at Wimbledon:
$666,500; male winner:$740,125 French Open $597,000; $628,000- male
U.S Open Equal Prize Money In 2000 the US Open is the only
Grand Slam event that has equal $$
Current Tour: Prize money is about $58 million for 58 events
Wide TV exposure
International Sport Women’s professional basketball
played extensively in Europe, S. America, Japan & Australia
Three divisions in Europe; 3 levels Countries: Italy, Greece, France,
Spain, Germany, and others Salaries vary widely
Different European Models First Division teams: salaries + room &
board 2nd and 3rd division teams’ players have
other jobs to make a living Japan: Corporate Sort Model: BB, VB,
Soccer & Softball Play as part of their job for the corporation Few short term contracts for highly skilled
Greek BB Player’s Experience Gianna Riga: 13 year career, Athens Three point shooting guard Many players also work as coaches
at the BB academy for their team 12 teams in division A-1 National
League; 22 game season Bus travel, no TV or radio coverage
Other Professional Opportunities NASCAR driving, Indy car, National
Hot Rod Bowling Billiards Volleyball Rodeo Soccer
Corporate Sponsorship of Women’s Sport Olympic corporate sponsors: Coca-Cola,
McDonald’s, VISA, Nike, Adidas Reasons corporations choose to sponsor: Public awareness, reinforce their product
recognition, I.D. company with market segment, involvement in community, good will among opinion makers, media benefits, competitive advantage, hospitality & entertainment.
Examples of Corporate Sponsorship Company gets tickets in turn for
displaying logo, ads, etc. Many levels from many sources:
Tenn. Lady Vols: State Farm Tip Off Classic;
Avon running circuit; WSF many sponsors
Values Vary WNBA sponsors paid $2.5 million
annually Electrolux: $1.4 mil for 3-year LPGA
Nashville Tournament U.S. Olympic Committee give $ to
winners: $50,000 for Gold; $25,000 for Silver & $10,000 Bronze
Not much sponsorship for paraOlympics
Women As Sport Consumers Decisions made by women: 86% for
all sport clothing purchases Children’s sport clothes: 91% 63% of men’s sports clothing bought
by women $143,965 million for athletic
footwear 1999 NASCAR cars feature Tide, Pepsi +
beer
Women’s Apparel v. Small Men’s Clothes Recent change Designed for women Sports magazines for women SI for Women; Women Sports &
Fitness, etc.
Women in Sport Industry Careers Product endorsement increased 60% of US women work full time now In 1952, only 32% worked outside the
home Sport industry larger than automobile
industry in the U.S. ($213 billion) Sport management, exercise science,
sport psychology, nutrition, 200schools offer Sport Management degrees
Opportunities Professional sport, intercollegiate
athletics, youth sport, facility management, event management, sporting goods, health, fitness, wellness, recreational sport and sport for people with disabilities and international sport
Male Dominated Careers Although all these careers are male
dominated…. Women are in key positions within the: NBA, NHL, NFL, MLB, WNBA, MLB,,
minor league baseball, hockey; sporting goods major college programs, fitness centers, sports reporters, broadcast journalists, Olympics and para Olympics
Top Female Sport Executives 46.6% coaches of women’s sport,
2000 Down from 49.4% in 1994 Of 534 new NCAA college jobs in
last two years, 107 women were hired
Women of color only a fraction of that
Career Advice P. 392 – 393 list of tips Table 3 page 395 lists occupations
& earnings averages