To run a automobile a number of machines and

mechanism are implemented.

Different Systems like ignition , transmission , cooling

,suspension, exhaust , braking system are used in a

automobile.

These all systems working in a single unit make the

automobile to work with it’s efficiency.

To start a car we simply turn the ignition switch

clockwise.

The science behind this stating a car is a perfect

application of electro-magnetic induction.

When we turn the ignition switch on , current flows

from battery to ignition coil.

One end of ignition coil is connected with contact

breaker.

A cam is connected directly to the camshaft .

It is used to open and close the contact breaker.

A condenser absorbs the back emf to increase the

life of contact points.

When the cam lob pushes the CB, the current flow

suddenly breaks .

A distributor is used to for voltage transmission .

Rotor revolves and transmit the current according to

ignition timing.

When the rotor comes exactly in front of the distributor

point the voltage jumps due to air gap.

Spark plug terminal consist of central electrode

, ground electrode and insulator.

Voltage passes through central electrode.

Insulator resist the voltage loss.

When voltage exceeds the dielectric strength of

gases , gases became ionized.

Current flows through air gap and spark Is

finally produced.

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Continuous operation in IC engine raises the internal

temperature.

For safe working of engine ,a optimum temperature

should be maintained .

For this particular functioning Cooling System is very

essential.

Engine produces power by converting chemical energy

of fuel into the heat energy by combustion.

A part of total power produced is used to push the piston

to produce power.

Thermostat acts a regulating valve.

It restrict the flow of coolant until the temperature of

coolant increases at the working temp. of engine i.e. 200-

250 degree cel.

At this time the heater inside the cabin is turned on and

the coolant flows towards this.

It works as heat exchanger which radiate heat to the air

inside the passenger compartment.

The hot coolant flows through the upper radiator tank.

Radiator cap regulates the pressure inside the tank.

Opening of this cap allows the coolant to flow towards

the overflow tank.

Inside the radiator while flowing downwards the coolant

gives the heat to the ambient air and cools down.

Fan increases the draught.

Cooling Fins are used for better cooling effect.

When the coolant reaches to the lower tank , the temp .

Considerably comes downs.

During the engine operation gases are burnt and these

burnt gases are required to get exhausted.

Engine exhaust system consist of exhaust manifold ,

catalytic convertor, resonator, muffler and tail pipe.

Exhaust gases along with sound wave are sent to

exhaust manifold through exhaust valve.

Catalytic convertor consist of two ceramic blocks.

One consist of Platinum and Rhodium while the

Second consist of platinum and palladium.

These metals act as catalyst.

The hot toxic gases enters in the 1st ceramic block

and heat it up .

The catalyst comes in action.

After flowing through catalytic convertor ,Gases

become less toxic but the consist to sound waves.

To cancel these sound waves gases are flew through

Muffler.

Muffler consist of 4chamber of different sizes.

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Automobile Engineering by Kripal Singh.