Post on 23-Dec-2015
transcript
WORLD WAR I
THE CAUSES
Causes of World War I
-M
A
N
I
A
ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically
ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
MANIA
Causes of World War I - Militarism
• Increased nationalism leads countries to believe they need a strong military
• All Great Powers, except Great Britain (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, & France) had a powerful standing army
• Generals develop plans for fast mobilization in case of war
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Causes of World War I - Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Britain, Russia)
in millions of £s£s (British pounds)
Causes of World War I - Alliances
• Growing rivalries led to military alliances between Great Powers
• Otto von Bismarck (Prussia/Germany) thought France was trouble & formed alliance against them Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)
• Kaiser of Germany fires Bismarck and starts to build navy to rival Britain Britain nervous & forms entente, or alliance Triple Entente
Triple Entente/Allied Powers Triple Entente/Allied Powers Triple Entente/Allied Powers Triple Entente/Allied Powers Triple Alliance/Central PowersTriple Alliance/Central Powers::Triple Alliance/Central PowersTriple Alliance/Central Powers::
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Great Britain
France
Russia
Causes of World War I - Alliances
Tension
Pan-Slavism - movement to unify the Slavic people of Eastern Europe, but under rule of Ottoman Empire or Austria-Hungary
Causes of World War I - Nationalism
Russia/Austria-Hungary dispute- both trying to dominate in Balkans (Southeast Europe under Austria-
Hungary) but strong nationalism of Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and other ethnic groups
Imperialism: European
conquest of Africa for
raw materials
and expansion of
territory
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.
Causes of World War I - Assassination
Causes of World War I - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip of THE BLACK HAND after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Causes of World War I - Assassination
THE BLACK HAND was a secret society wishing to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie Sarajevo, Bosnia - June 28th, 1914.
Causes of World War I - Assassination
The Point of No Return:
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia
The Point of No Return:
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia
France pledges their support for Russia
Germany declares war on France
Germany invades Belgium (neutral country) on the way to France
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany
World War IWorld War IWorld War IWorld War I
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central Central PowersPowers::Central Central PowersPowers::Great Britain
France
Russia Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary