Post on 25-Feb-2016
description
transcript
World War IWorld War IThe Great WarThe Great War
StartsStarts: August, 1914: August, 1914EndsEnds: November, 1918: November, 1918
25 million people died25 million people died
WWI quotes...WWI quotes...““The war to end all wars”The war to end all wars”
- Woodrow Wilson- Woodrow Wilson
–““The war fought to make the The war fought to make the world safe for democracy”world safe for democracy”-- Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
Important dates for Important dates for WW I.WW I.
June, 1914June, 1914 --The Archduke Franz The Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinatedFerdinand is assassinated
August, 1914August, 1914 - World War I starts - World War I startsMarch, 1917- March, 1917- Russian RevolutionRussian RevolutionApril, 1917April, 1917 - - U.S. enters the warU.S. enters the warNov, 1918Nov, 1918 - The armistice - The armistice
(Cease-fire)(Cease-fire)
Chapter 11 Sec. 1 – WWI BeginsChapter 11 Sec. 1 – WWI BeginsEssential Questions:Essential Questions:
1. What were the 1. What were the causes of WWIcauses of WWI?? 2. What happened the first two 2. What happened the first two
years of the war?years of the war? 3. How did the US respond?3. How did the US respond? 4. What was US public opinion in 4. What was US public opinion in
regards to the war?regards to the war? 5. Why did the US eventually 5. Why did the US eventually
declare war?declare war?
The The M.A.I.N.M.A.I.N. causes of causes of WWIWWI......
MMilitarism…Weaponsilitarism…WeaponsAAlliances…Secretlliances…SecretIImperialism…Economicmperialism…EconomicNNationalism…Prideationalism…Pride
June, 1914 -June, 1914 - “The torch that set “The torch that set the world afire with war”...the world afire with war”...
Archduke Franz Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to Ferdinand heir to the Austro-the Austro-Hungarian Hungarian Empire is Empire is assassinated in assassinated in Sarajevo, BosniaSarajevo, Bosnia
The assassin…The assassin…
Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo PrincipA Serbian A Serbian
nationalist nationalist trained in Serbiatrained in Serbia
The “Black The “Black Hand”…Hand”…
The assassinationThe assassination
Princip is capturedPrincip is captured
The funeral of Archduke Franz The funeral of Archduke Franz & Sofia Ferdinand& Sofia Ferdinand
The chain of eventsThe chain of events……AFF assassinated in BosniaAFF assassinated in BosniaAH blames SerbiaAH blames SerbiaAH makes harsh demands AH makes harsh demands
of Serbiaof SerbiaAH asks Germany for AH asks Germany for
supportsupportcontinued >>>continued >>>
The chain of events...The chain of events...Germany responds with Germany responds with
the the “blank check”“blank check” … …Russia is allied with Serbia Russia is allied with Serbia
and mobilizesand mobilizesFearing a two front war Fearing a two front war
Germany launches a planGermany launches a plan
The Von Schlieffen PlanThe Von Schlieffen PlanGermany’s planGermany’s plan was to was to hold the line against hold the line against RussiaRussia (Dec. of War)(Dec. of War)
Germany was then to Germany was then to attack attack FranceFrance
Germany marches through Germany marches through BelgiumBelgium which brings which brings Great Great BritainBritain into the war into the war
Central Powers v. Central Powers v. Allied Powers Allied Powers
Austro-Austro-Hungarian Hungarian EmpireEmpire
GermanyGermanyOttoman Ottoman
EmpireEmpire
RussiaRussiaSerbiaSerbiaBelgiumBelgiumFranceFranceGreat BritainGreat BritainItalyItalyJapanJapanUnited StatesUnited States
America’s responseAmerica’s response…… President Wilson’s message…President Wilson’s message…Preparedness Movement-Preparedness Movement- US should US should
be ready for anything (Civilian be ready for anything (Civilian Training)Training)
Factors encouraging American Factors encouraging American sympathy for the Allies – sympathy for the Allies – Trade, Trade, Money in Loans, and Cultural TiesMoney in Loans, and Cultural TiesEx. Great BritainEx. Great Britain
Why did some Americans support Why did some Americans support Germany?…Ties to mother countryGermany?…Ties to mother country
America’s response…America’s response… The factors encouraging The factors encouraging
contempt for Germany…contempt for Germany…–Allied PropagandaAllied Propaganda–Cutting of the Trans- Atlantic Cutting of the Trans- Atlantic
Cable by Great BritainCable by Great Britain–They were an Autocracy under They were an Autocracy under
Kaiser Wilhelm II, US a Kaiser Wilhelm II, US a democracydemocracy
Violation of Violation of “freedom of the seas”“freedom of the seas”
Germany’s violation of Germany’s violation of “freedom of the seas” “freedom of the seas”
U-Boat blockade of GBU-Boat blockade of GB Great Britain’s violation of Great Britain’s violation of
“freedom of seas”“freedom of seas”GB blockade of GermanyGB blockade of Germany
HMS DreadnoughtHMS Dreadnought
““Unrestricted Unrestricted Submarine Warfare”...Submarine Warfare”...
• The sinking of the The sinking of the Lusitania May, Lusitania May, 1915…1915…
• The Uncivilized U-Boats, attack by The Uncivilized U-Boats, attack by stealth, and launch torpedoesstealth, and launch torpedoes
Wilson’s diplomatic response…Wilson’s diplomatic response…Harsh WordsHarsh Words
Burying the dead from the Burying the dead from the LusitaniaLusitania
The election of 1916The election of 1916 Woodrow Wilson (D) vs Woodrow Wilson (D) vs
Charles Evan Hughes (R)Charles Evan Hughes (R)Wilson has pushed for US Wilson has pushed for US
neutrality, but were we neutral?neutrality, but were we neutral?
““He kept us out of war”He kept us out of war”Wilson Wins!Wilson Wins!
Reasons for American Reasons for American entry into WW Ientry into WW I … …
Germany Resumes Germany Resumes Unrestricted Submarine Unrestricted Submarine Warfare...Warfare...
The Zimmerman NoteThe Zimmerman Note (March,1917) German Letter to (March,1917) German Letter to MexicoMexico
The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution (1917)(1917)
The Russian government The Russian government under Tsar Nicholas…under Tsar Nicholas…
Bolshevik Revolution (March, Bolshevik Revolution (March, 1917)... Reds1917)... Reds
Alexander Kerensky...WhitesAlexander Kerensky...WhitesLenin, Stalin and Trotsky (Nov, Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky (Nov,
1917)...1917)...
President Wilson delivers his War President Wilson delivers his War Message to Congress April 2, 1917Message to Congress April 2, 1917
The U.S. Declares WarThe U.S. Declares WarApril 6, 1917April 6, 1917
President Wilson requests a President Wilson requests a declaration of wardeclaration of war–Senate approves 82 - 6 to Senate approves 82 - 6 to
declare wardeclare war–The House votes 373 - 50 to The House votes 373 - 50 to
declare wardeclare war
Ch 11 Section 2 Ch 11 Section 2 American Power Tips American Power Tips
the Balancethe Balance
Ch 11 Sec 2 American Power Ch 11 Sec 2 American Power Tips the BalanceTips the Balance
How did the US mobilize for How did the US mobilize for war?war?
Where were US successes on Where were US successes on the battlefield?the battlefield?
What were the new weapons What were the new weapons of WWI?of WWI?
What were the US offensives What were the US offensives that helped end the war?that helped end the war?
Raising the ManpowerRaising the Manpower““Woefully unprepared”… Woefully unprepared”… The The Selective Service ActSelective Service Act……American Expeditionary ForceAmerican Expeditionary ForceThe Convoy SystemThe Convoy System “ “Doughboys”…Doughboys”… General John PershingGeneral John Pershing led led
the AEFthe AEF
WWI: WWI: African AmericansAfrican Americans
Many were forced to work Many were forced to work behind the lines jobsbehind the lines jobs
The 369The 369thth Harlem Hellfighters Harlem Hellfighters fought with the Frenchfought with the French
US Troops were segregated US Troops were segregated black and whiteblack and white
A.E.F. – “Doughboys”A.E.F. – “Doughboys”
The Convoy SystemThe Convoy System
General “Blackjack” PershingGeneral “Blackjack” Pershing
Alvin YorkAlvin York Conscientious Conscientious
ObjectorObjectorMeuse-Meuse-
ArgonneArgonneKilled 25 Killed 25
GermansGermansWith help With help
captured 32 captured 32 moremore
Fighting on the western front Fighting on the western front 1914 to 1917...1914 to 1917...
““the most gigantic, the most gigantic, tenacious, grim, tenacious, grim, futile and bloody futile and bloody fight ever waged in fight ever waged in the history of war.”…the history of war.”… David Lloyd GeorgeDavid Lloyd George
The Western Front The Western Front FranceFrance
Trench- WarfareTrench- WarfareNo man’s landNo man’s landStalemateStalemateNew and more New and more powerful weaponspowerful weapons
In the trenches…In the trenches…
Manfred Von RichtohofenManfred Von Richtohofen“The Red Baron”“The Red Baron”
American Ace –Eddie American Ace –Eddie RickenbackerRickenbacker
Flame ThrowerFlame Thrower
WW I TankWW I Tank
Significant battles… Significant battles… US InvolvementUS Involvement
Chateau ThierryChateau ThierryBelleau WoodBelleau WoodMueuse-ArgonneMueuse-ArgonneVerdunVerdunFinal Final ArmisticeArmistice 11/11/18 11/11/18
Fighting the war on the Fighting the war on the eastern front (Russia)eastern front (Russia)
What were the results of What were the results of fighting on the eastern front fighting on the eastern front between 1914 and 1917?…between 1914 and 1917?…
Russia exits under Lenin Russia exits under Lenin when the USSR is establishedwhen the USSR is established
Dead & Wounded Dead & Wounded StatsStats
Allied Powers: Mobilization, Allied Powers: Mobilization, Dead, Wounded & CasualtiesDead, Wounded & Casualties
CountryCountry DeadDead Tot. Casual./ % ofTot. Casual./ % of MobilizedMobilized WoundedWounded
RussiaRussia 12m 1.7m 5.0m 9.2m/ 76% 12m 1.7m 5.0m 9.2m/ 76%FranceFrance 8.4m 1.4m 4.3m 6.2m/ 73% 8.4m 1.4m 4.3m 6.2m/ 73%BritainBritain 8.9m 900k 2.1m 3.2m/ 36% 8.9m 900k 2.1m 3.2m/ 36%ItalyItaly 5.6m 650k 947k 2.2m/ 39% 5.6m 650k 947k 2.2m/ 39%USAUSA 4.4m 126k 234k 350k/ 8% 4.4m 126k 234k 350k/ 8%
Central Powers Mobilization, Central Powers Mobilization, Dead, Wounded & CasualtiesDead, Wounded & Casualties
CountryCountry DeadDead Tot. Casual./ % Tot. Casual./ % MobilizedMobilized WoundedWounded
Germany Germany 12M 1.7m 4.2m12M 1.7m 4.2mAust-HAust-H 7.8m 1.2m 3.6m 7m/ 90% 7.8m 1.2m 3.6m 7m/ 90%TurkeyTurkey 2.8m 325k 400k 1m/ 34% 2.8m 325k 400k 1m/ 34%BulgariaBulgaria 1.2m 87.5k 152k 267k/ 1.2m 87.5k 152k 267k/
22%22%
Chapter 11 Sec. 3 The Chapter 11 Sec. 3 The War at HomeWar at Home
Essential Questions:Essential Questions:How did business and How did business and
government cooperate during government cooperate during the war?the war?
How did the government How did the government promote the war?promote the war?
What attacks on civil liberties What attacks on civil liberties occurred?occurred?
What social changes affected What social changes affected women and African women and African Americans?Americans?
Mobilizing hearts and Mobilizing hearts and minds with minds with propagandapropaganda……
George CreelGeorge Creel head of the CPI head of the CPI
Committee for Public Information Committee for Public Information (CPI)…(CPI)…US Gov. PropagandaUS Gov. Propaganda
Various “Creel Committee” Various “Creel Committee” techniques…techniques…
Anti –German hysteria…Anti –German hysteria…No German in schoolsNo German in schoolsIncreased alien hostilityIncreased alien hostilityGerman books & music are bannedGerman books & music are bannedName changes…Name changes…
–Sauerkraut…Sauerkraut…–Dauschund…Dauschund…–Hamburger…Hamburger…–Frankfurter…Frankfurter…
WW I:WW I:Raising the MoneyRaising the Money
WWI will cost $35 billionWWI will cost $35 billionMoney was raised two Money was raised two ways:1.)Increase in ways:1.)Increase in Taxes and…Taxes and…
2.)WW I Liberty Bond2.)WW I Liberty Bond
Liberty Bond poster..Liberty Bond poster..
Support for Liberty BondsSupport for Liberty BondsSec. of the Treasury William Sec. of the Treasury William
McAdoo raised millions selling McAdoo raised millions selling Liberty BondsLiberty Bonds
Liberty Bond Booths were set up Liberty Bond Booths were set up by the Boy/Girl Scoutsby the Boy/Girl Scouts
““Four Minute Men” Gave Four Minute Men” Gave presentations in theaters to sell presentations in theaters to sell bondsbonds
Hollywood stars helped outHollywood stars helped out– EX. D. Fairbanks, C. ChaplinEX. D. Fairbanks, C. Chaplin
Suppressing dissent…Suppressing dissent…Espionage Act 1917-Espionage Act 1917- No aiding No aiding
the enemy ($10,000) 20yrsthe enemy ($10,000) 20yrsSedition Act 1918Sedition Act 1918 – No Anti-US – No Anti-US
Language ($10,000) 20yrs.Language ($10,000) 20yrs.Government actions designed to Government actions designed to
suppress dissent…suppress dissent…Eugene Debs jailed (1,500)Eugene Debs jailed (1,500)Schenck v. U.S.Schenck v. U.S. – – Free Speech Free Speech
can be limited if it posed a “clear can be limited if it posed a “clear and present danger” to the USand present danger” to the US
WW I: MobilizationWW I: Mobilization ““unprecedented control of unprecedented control of
civilian life and the economy”civilian life and the economy” National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board – –
(NWLB) - Improved Wages and (NWLB) - Improved Wages and HoursHours
War Industries BoardWar Industries Board –WIB, –WIB, Headed by Headed by Bernard M. BaruchBernard M. Baruch – Conversion and Raw – Conversion and Raw MaterialsMaterials
WW I: WW I: Organized LaborOrganized Labor
*The *The AFLAFL boomed and boomed and increased membershipincreased membership
*The *The International Workers of International Workers of the World (IWW)the World (IWW) was a target was a target
Women’s Service in WWIWomen’s Service in WWIHeld Home Front jobsHeld Home Front jobs
– RR Workers, cooks, bricklayers, RR Workers, cooks, bricklayers, dock workers, coal miners, dock workers, coal miners, clerks, teachers, and helped to clerks, teachers, and helped to sell liberty bondssell liberty bonds
•Warfront Jobs of WomenWarfront Jobs of WomenRed Cross NursesRed Cross NursesRadio operatorsRadio operatorsAmbulance driversAmbulance drivers
WW I: WW I: Suffrage-Suffrage-The Women’s The Women’s
Movement…Movement…
National American Women National American Women Suffrage Association Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Carrie Chapman (NAWSA) Carrie Chapman CattCatt
National Women’s Party –National Women’s Party –Alice PaulAlice Paul
WW I: WW I: American SocietyAmerican Society
The economy…Gov. and Business The economy…Gov. and Business in partnershipin partnership
Demographics…Great MigrationDemographics…Great Migration of of Blacks from South to the Northern Blacks from South to the Northern US (Race Riots 1917-19)US (Race Riots 1917-19)
Social behavior…Moral ChangesSocial behavior…Moral ChangesMoral reforms…ProhibitionMoral reforms…ProhibitionCivilian life changes.. War effortCivilian life changes.. War effort
The The Food Food AdministrationAdministration ran by ran by
Herbert HooverHerbert Hoover
Increasing and Increasing and conserving conserving American American agriculture agriculture output…output…
Government AgenciesGovernment AgenciesFuel Administration-Fuel Administration- Regulated fuel supplies Regulated fuel supplies gas, and heating oilgas, and heating oil
RR Administration-RR Administration- Regulated the RR Regulated the RR system during the warsystem during the war
Influenza EpidemicInfluenza EpidemicFall of 1918, ¼ of the US Fall of 1918, ¼ of the US Population was effectedPopulation was effected
Offices, Factories, Mines Offices, Factories, Mines were shut downwere shut down
Many AEF troops and Many AEF troops and Germans diedGermans died
30 million people died 30 million people died worldwideworldwide
Ch 11 Section 4 – Ch 11 Section 4 – Wilson Fights for PeaceWilson Fights for Peace
Chapter 11 Sec. 4 Wilson Fights for Chapter 11 Sec. 4 Wilson Fights for PeacePeace
What was Wilson’s What was Wilson’s Fourteen Fourteen PointsPoints??
Why did the Allies not agree with Why did the Allies not agree with Wilson?Wilson?
What was the What was the Treaty of Treaty of VersaillesVersailles??
Why did the US Senate reject it?Why did the US Senate reject it?What were some consequences What were some consequences
of the war?of the war?
Wilson’s 14 PointsWilson’s 14 PointsHow did Wilson’s attempt to How did Wilson’s attempt to
forge a peace based on the forge a peace based on the Fourteen Points?Fourteen Points?
Freedom of the seas, Self-Freedom of the seas, Self-Determination, A League of Determination, A League of Nations, Free Trade, Low Nations, Free Trade, Low Tariffs, No Secret AlliancesTariffs, No Secret Alliances
Wilson’s forced compromiseWilson’s forced compromise
Making peace…Making peace…Three phases…Three phases…
The armistice…11/11/18The armistice…11/11/18The Paris Peace Conference…The Paris Peace Conference…The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles……
Wilson’s political mistake prior to Wilson’s political mistake prior to the Paris Peace Conference…the Paris Peace Conference…
The Hall of MirrorsThe Hall of Mirrors
The Hall of MirrorsThe Hall of Mirrors
The Big FourThe Big Four
The Big Four…The Big Four…Great Britain- David Lloyd Great Britain- David Lloyd
GeorgeGeorge
France- Georges France- Georges ClemenceauClemenceau
Italy – Vittorio OrlandoItaly – Vittorio Orlando
United States -WilsonUnited States -Wilson
Great Britain:Great Britain:David Lloyd GeorgeDavid Lloyd George
France: France: George ClemenceauGeorge Clemenceau
Italy: Vittorio OrlandoItaly: Vittorio Orlando
The United States:The United States:President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson
Wilson arrives…Wilson arrives…
Wilson’s concerns at the Paris Wilson’s concerns at the Paris Peace Conference…Peace Conference…
• Imperialism v. Imperialism v. self determination self determination……
The Germans felt betrayed: Loss of The Germans felt betrayed: Loss of Colonies, Land, Armed Forces, and Colonies, Land, Armed Forces, and $33 billion in Reparations$33 billion in Reparations
War Guilt Clause placing full blame War Guilt Clause placing full blame on Germanyon Germany
Punishment not Peace!Punishment not Peace!
The positive accomplishments of The positive accomplishments of the Treaty of Versailles…Alliesthe Treaty of Versailles…Allies
Opposition to the TreatyOpposition to the TreatyIsolationist Senators Isolationist Senators refused to accept the refused to accept the Treaty in any form “The Treaty in any form “The Irreconcilables”Irreconcilables”
Senator Senator Henry Cabot Henry Cabot LodgeLodge rejected the rejected the Treaty for Article X or Treaty for Article X or The League of NationsThe League of Nations
Senator Henry Cabot LodgeSenator Henry Cabot Lodge
Wilson’s DemiseWilson’s DemiseWilson refuses to compromise on Wilson refuses to compromise on
the Treaty and the League of the Treaty and the League of Nations issue (Article X)Nations issue (Article X)
He travels the nation looking for He travels the nation looking for supportsupport
Suffers a stroke and becomes Suffers a stroke and becomes bitterbitter
Edith Wilson takes overEdith Wilson takes overThe US never ratifies the TreatyThe US never ratifies the Treaty
The Legacy of the WarThe Legacy of the WarUS gained a stronger militaryUS gained a stronger militaryStronger US federal gov.Stronger US federal gov.Accelerated social changeAccelerated social changeMassive loss of life, many Massive loss of life, many
injuriesinjuriesFirst Communist state the First Communist state the
USSRUSSROpened the door to future Opened the door to future
warswars