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Ch. 28 / 30 OBJECTIVES:1. Identify events that led to increased tension and frustration prior to WWII. 2. Understand how the failures of WWI led to the start of WWII. 3. Identify the differences between fascism, communism, and democracy.4. Analyze how and why dictators claimed power. (Ger, Italy, Soviet Union)5. Explain Japans actions in the Pacific6. Describe how the situation in Spain helped Hitler.6. Explain Hitler’s motives for expansion and how Britain and France
responded.8. Identify why Japan attacked the Unites States at Pearl Harbor.9. Summarize the Allied plan for winning the war in Europe.10. Understand the Allied military strategy to end the war in the Pacific – Japan11. Explain the Effects of the Second World War.
1- Flu Epidemic of 1918 (Spanish Flu)
• More died from the flu than WWI: (pg 729)– 20 million Vs. 10 million
I had a bird and his name was EnzaI opened the window andIn-flu-enza
Great Depression:• The United States had emerged from the war
as the major creditor and financier of postwar • Germany and Great Britain (and others)
needed help to rebuild – (Germany to pay reparations).
• Globally 30 million out of work• Lowered prestige of Capitalism / Democracy
Hey Commies…Stop laughing at our government
Common Reaction:–Many countries had a nationalist
response•Keeping to themselves economically
??????????????• Do you think this was healthy?
–Why or why not.
Decline in exports:
Gold Standard
• With a partner… Read pg. 8-11 on the “Upfront” magazine
ASSIGNMENT:
QUESTIONS:1. Why do people compare President Obama’s situation to that of
Franklin Roosevelt in 1933? (3 reasons)2. How much further was the stock market down from 1929 than from
2007? What about the employment rate?3. How will the economic stimulus be spent?4. How many US jobs have been lost since the recession began in 2007?5. Why did Roosevelt say “The only thing we have to fear, is fear
itself?”6. What is the current amount of governments share in the economy? Pg.
117. How many Americans receive payments from social security? Don’t
forget the children…8. Do you agree that Americans should get unemployment insurance?
Why or why not.9. What is deposit insurance?
#2 – Failures of WWI WWII:• League of Nations lacked leadership
• Failure to economically rebound
• Germany was very bitter
• Formed new alliances – Built on peace…
– (Locarno Act)
Country ProblemsGreat Britain Labor troubles, Irish independence
movement
France Land in ruins, technology destroyed, inflation, war debt, political unrest
Austria Weak economy, private armies,
Hungary Succession of weak governments, new boundaries that interrupted trade
Poland Political conflicts, high German taxes
3 – Identify differences in…• Democracy = Branches of Government, Voting, Bill of Rights• Communism = Looks to the future.
– Russia and Bolshevik Revolution– Classless society, Gov. controls property
• Fascism = Looks to reclaim past glory.– Germany – 3rd Reich or “Reign”
• (Attila the Hun)
– Italy - Roman Empire– Help upper and middle classes through government (military) intimidation and fear.
4 - Analyze how dictators
claimed power. • 1. Read pg. 744 “Mussolini's rise to power”
• 2. Pg. 745 “Nazis and Hitler”
• 3. Pg. 750-751 “The Five Year Plan”
4 - Analyze how Dictators claimed power.
• Mussolini – Seized power by marching his army (Blackshirts) on the Roman Capital and forcing King Victor Emanuel out of power.
• Hitler – After his Imprisonment, he used World War I and the economy to stir emotions. Soon began using propaganda techniques to get elected.
• Stalin – Came to power after Lenin’s death, began a 5 year plan to become industrialized, and then began his purges (killing and imprisoning millions
COMMONALITY:
GERMANY: A CLOSER LOOK
Number of Unemployed
• 1928 2 million
• 1929 2.5 million
• 1930 3 million
• 1931 5 million
• 1932 6 million
Evolution of the Nazi party in the German Reichstag (congress)
Jan
1919
Jun
1920
May
1924
Dec
1925
May
1928
Sept
1930
July
1932
Nov
1932
Mrch
1933
0 0 32 14 12 107 230 196 288
LAB PROJECT:• TASK:
– Create a PowerPoint focusing on German propaganda• Define propaganda• Joseph Goebbels (who was he, what is his
significance)• Reich Chamber (what was its purpose, impact)• Targeting the youth (why and how)• Controlling books, movies, radio, art, merchandise (3
examples)• Include 3 examples of Anti-Semitic propaganda• 2 examples of brochures / literature
LAB PROJECT:• 30 – Power Point is very organized, information & pictures are
extremely helpful, is extremely easy to read, covers all required information, includes a variety of creative measures to enhance project.
• 25 – Power Point is organized, information & pictures are helpful, is easy to read, covers required information, includes creative measures to enhance project.
• 20 – Power Point is somewhat organized, information & pictures are somewhat helpful, brochure is challenging to read in some places, covers some required information, includes limited creative measures used to enhance project.
• 15 – Power Point is unorganized, information & pictures are lacking, is extremely difficult to read, covers limited required information, lack of creative measures used to enhance project.– http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ww2era.htm– http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/propaganda_in_nazi_germany.htm
Why did people follow Hitler?• 1. He told them what they wanted / needed
to hear.– Make money, eliminate Treaty of Versailles,
create jobs, other races were inferior, build respect
• 2. Propaganda– Newspapers, posters, speeches…
BOARDGAME
‘Tomorrow's officer'
Youth serves the Führer'
#5 – Explain Japans actions in the Pacific
• 1. Island nation who felt the need for more natural resources.
• 2. Invaded Manchuria (China) after military Generals came to power following an assassination.
• 3. Perhaps pushed by Hitler and the Axis Powers
• 4. Leaves the League of Nations
Picasso: "Guernica"
#6 – Describe the situation in Spain and the outcome.
• 1936 Spain was in civil war…
• Hitler sided with Franco and send his military (tanks and planes) to attack– Becomes Hitler's practice run.
#7 – Identify the Allied and Axis Powers
• Great Britain, France, Soviet Union and USA
• Germany, Italy, and Japan
• Think of a situation when you have had to give-in to a little situation because of fear confrontation might lead to a hassle with a big situation?
#8 - Explain Hitler’s motives for expansion and how Britain and France responded.• 1. Unify German people
• 2. Revenge on the Treaty of Versailles
• 3. Capture lost land
• Britain and France responded with…
Appeasement =
• Giving in to ones demands… avoiding a situation to keep peace
GERMAN ACTIONS:• 1. Rearm (build military)• 2. Leave the League of Nations• 3. Rome-Berlin Axis
– Later bring Japan in… Anti-Communism
• 4. March into Austria unopposed (3 mil. Germans)• 5. Munich Conference = Great Britain and France meet with Germany
and Italy….Hitler agrees that the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) be part of Germany…– “Peace in our time.” (Chamberlin)
• 6. Next Hitler takes all of Czechoslovakia• 7. Great Britain and France ask the Soviets for an Alliance• 8. Soviets sign the “Non-aggression Act” with the Germans – Split
Poland• 9. Hitler invades Poland – Great Britain and France declare war!!!
#9 – UNDERSTAND THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN:
• Blitzkrieg = Lighting War– Bombed by planes
• Hitler could not cross the English Channel
• ENGLAND WAS THE LAST HOPE!!!– Quote on page 793… Churchill
Winston Churchill:• Master of motivation
• Kept the spirits of England alive while enduring the German blitz
Famous Speeches:
• 1. We Shall Fight on the Beaches
• 2. Never Give In, Never, Never, Never
• 3. Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat
• 4. Their Finest Hour
• 5. You Do Your Worst, and We Will Do Our Best
• 6. The Price of Greatness is…
Answers:
• VE DAY:– Defeat of Rommel in Africa
– Land in Italy
– D-Day
– Soviet Offensive
– Battle of the Bulge
– Soviet Capture of Berlin
– German Surrender
• VJ DAY–Battle of Midway
–Island Hopping
–Atomic Bombs
–Japanese Surrender
REVIEW: TRUE or FALSE:1. The Axis Powers included… Germany, Italy and the Soviet
Union.2. The Great Depression mainly affectd America.3. The Treaty of Versailles accused Germany of starting WWI.4. The Battle of Britain was important because Britain was the last
major power for Hitler to capture to claim victory.5. Fascism looks to the past to reclaim past glory6. After the Great Depression other countries viewed the United
States as the perfect model government for all to follow.7. Appeasement means giving in to ones demands to reduce
confrontation.8. Hitler’s motives for expansion included… unifying Germanic
people, recapturing lost land, and building an alliance with France.
#10 Understand the turning points of WWII:
• 1. Battle of Britain (last domino doesn’t fall)
• 2. Pearl Harbor – America entrance
• 3. Stalingrad – Hitler turns and attacks the Soviet Union– Freezing winter at Stalingrad (don’t surrender)
• 4. D-Day (invasion of Normandy)
• 5. Use of Atomic Bomb
Hitler and Stalingrad:•Hitler breaks his pact against the Soviets and decides to attack them.
•German troops except an easy victory.
•The people of Stalingrad hold out for over 3 years
•The German troops are caught in a freezing winter
• Dec. 7 1941 Japan attacks the US naval base at Pearl Harbor– Destroyed 19 ships– Killed 2,400
• June 6, 1944
• Amphibious landing (air and sea) by US and allied troops in France
• 170,000 troops land and take over the beaches of Normandy, France.
• Troops began heading towards
Germany from the West.
11 -Understand the Allied strategy to end the war in the Pacific – Japan –
• 1. Island Hopping
• 2. Air attacks – bombs
• 3. Atomic bombs– Hiroshima / Nagasaki
Assignment:
• Answer #3 on pg. 809
• Keep in your notes
• 22 points (2 each)
12. Explain the Effects of WWII:
• 1. USA and Soviets become “Superpowers”
• 2. Europe is devastated… needs rebuilt
• 3. Atomic energy… Genie is out of the bottle
• 4. End of the Depression
• 5. Germany is split between Allies
Country Military Civilian Total
U.S.S.R. 8,668,000 16,900,000 25,568,000
China 1,324,000 10,000,000 11,324,000
Germany 3,250,000 3,810,000 7,060,000
Poland 850,000 6,000,000 6,850,000
Japan 1,506,000 300,000 1,806,000
Yugoslavia 300,000 1,400,000 1,700,000
Rumania 520,000 465,000 985,000
France 340,000 470,000 810,000
Austria 380,000 145,000 525,000
Hungary 200,000 290,000 490,000
Greece 88,300 325,000 413,300
Italy 330,000 80,000 410,000
United Kingdom 326,000 62,000 388,000
USA 292,131 6,000 298,131
Netherlands 14,000 236,000 250,000
Ch 30-1 WS Answers:• 1. Made war illegal (60 countries)• 2. Military leaders took control• 3. Manchuria (China)… Fake attack• 4. League of Nations did nothing• 5. Declared them aggressors and placed economic sanctions• 6. Separating church & state, land distribution, workers rights• 7. Those in Spain who supported the republic (falanges)• 8. Helped equip the Loyalist (Franco)• 9. People from Great Britain and USA who helped the
Spanish Republic• 10. Fascist Dictatorship
Assignment:• Pg. 810 “Understanding Main Ideas” 1-6
• Pg 811 “Building Social Studies Skills” 1-3
TEST ANSWERS:• 1. Nazi• 2. Blitzkrieg• 3.CORRECT• 4. Spanish• 5. Stalin• 6. Manchuria• 7. Mussolini• 8. CORRECT• 9. Truman• 10. Appeasement
• 11. T
• 12. T
• 13. F
• 14. T
• 15. T
• 16. T
• 17. F
• 18. F
• 19. T
• 20. F
• 21. D
• 22. D
• 23. C
• 24. D
• 25. A
• 26. A
• 27. B
• 28. A
• 29. A
• 30. E
• 31. A
• 32. C
• 33. B
• 34. B
• 35. A
9. Identify why Japan attacked the Unites States at Pearl Harbor.
• 1. The U.S.A placed an embargo on Japan– Stopped trading with them when they were low on oil/iron
• 2. USA was loaning China $$$ (to stand up to Japan)
• 3. Perhaps pushed by Hitler and the Axis Powers
REVIEW: TRUE or FALSE• 1. A dictator has complete control of a country.
• 2. Cash and carry was a plan to loan supplies to country
• 3. The Jews were badly treated by militarism.
• 4. A president who wants to stay out of the problems of other countries believes in appeasement.
• 5. Benito Mussolini was a fascist.
SHOULD AMERICA
ENTER WWII?
REASONS FOR THE WAR.
• PROTECT OUR WORLD POWER / LEADERSHIP
• WHAT IF THE NAZI’S WIN???
• PROTECT THE FREE WORLD
• WORLD IS SHRINKING = MORE DANGER
REASONS AGAINST WAR:
• OCEANS WILL PROTECT THE USA
• CANT PLAY WITH FIRE AND NOT GET BURNED
• WORRYABOUT THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
• TOO MUCH OF A SACRAFICE
• FIX AMERICAS PROBLEMS
• LOSS OF AMERICAN LIVES
MOBILIZATION EFFORT1. DRAFT – 10 MILLION ADDITIONAL2. WAAC - NURSES, RADIO, OPERATORS
3. END OF AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION
4. FACTORIES CONVET TO WAR PRODUCTS
5. WOMEN WORK IN FACTORIES – (60%)
6. GATHERING OF SCIENTIST
7. OPA (OFFICE of PRICE ADMINISTRATION) – FREEZES PRICES
8. RAISED TAXES
9. SELL WAR BONDS
10. WBP ( WAR PRODUCTION BOARD) DECIDED TO PEACE/WAR INDUSTRY
11. RATIONS – GAS, SUGAR, COFFEE, SHOES
12. PROPAGANDA – FILMS, MUSIC, CARTOONS, POSTERS
THE BIG 3 MAKE PLANS:
Assignment:•Read 409-412…
•Answer questions 1-3–#4 is Extra Credit…
Answers:• 1. How did the Allies defeat General Rommel’s
forces?– British troops attacked Rommel first, then US
troops under Dwight D. Eisenhower attacked two weeks later.
• 2. Why were the bombings of Tokyo in 1942 important?– The Japanese people were shocked that an enemy
was attacking their homeland.
• 3. Why were American forces able to defeat the Japanese in the pacific?– American island hopping
8 -Describe the sacrifices Americans made to help support the war.
• 1. FOOD (EGGS, BUTTER, MEAT, BREAD)
• 2. WOMEN OUT OF HOME WORKING
• 3. VICTORY GARDENS
• 4. SUPPLIES (GAS, RUBBER, CLOTH)
• 5. RELATIONSHIPS – MOVING/DISTANCE
• 6. SOLDIERS OVERSEAS
9 – Discuss how the war affected women, African Americans, and Latinos.
• Women = began taking manufacturing jobs, flying planes, entered nursing– New sense of freedom
• African Americans = 1 million served in military as cooks, waiters, and supply workers. No fighting (faced heavy discrimination)
• Latinos = 3 hundred thousand served and fought. They also completed many jobs that were left in America (also discriminated against)
ROSIE THE RIVETER
10 – Discuss the treatment of Japanese Americans during WWII.
• Placed in Detention Camps
• 100,000 were held in prison like camps
• Had to give up jobs, farms, homes…
EFFECTS OF WWII• 1. US / SOVIET RELATIONSHIP
• 2. GENIE OUT OF BOTTLE–ATOMIC ENERGY
• 3. SUPER POWERS
• 4. OUT OF DEPRESSION
• 5. US IS IN ASIA
#1 - SPAIN
Fought Civil War in 1937
Hitler / Mussolini had “practice” runs aiding the fascist in Spain
#2 England
• Island Nation that endured the __________
• Winston Churchill
• Declared war after Germany invaded Poland
#3 FRANCE
Declared war after Germany invaded Poland
#4 - GERMANY
• Hitler and Nazi party
• Overtook Austria and Czechoslovakia unopposed
• Wanted “lebensraum” or more living space
#5 - ITALY
• Mussolini and Fascist movement
• Reclaim past glory - Roman Empire
• Overtook Ethiopia in Africa
#6 POLAND
• Overtaken by Hitler in a little over 1 month
• Munich Agreement - Split by Ger. And S.U.
• Hitler set up Ghettos for containment
#7 CZECHLOSLOVAKIA
• AKA - Sudetenland
• Taken by Hitler unopposed
# 8 AUSTRIA
• Majority of 6 million were “Germans”
• 1st Target
#9 SOVIET UNION
• Led by ___________
• Munich Agreement with Hitler
• Battle of Stalingrad =
GERMAN ACTIONS:• 1. ____________... This was a violation of the Treaty of __________.• 2. Leave the League of Nations• 3. __________-__________ Axis
– Later bring Japan in… Anti-Communism
• 4. Marched into ________________unopposed (____ mil. Germans)• 5. _________________Conference = Great Britain and France meet
with Germany and Italy….Hitler agrees that the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) be part of Germany and this will be his last invasion– “Peace in our time.” (Chamberlin – Prime Minister of Great Britain)
• 6. Next, Hitler takes all of ____________________________.• 7. Great Britain and France ask the ______________ for an Alliance• 8. Soviets sign the “________________________” with the ________
– They both agree to split _________________.• 9. Hitler invades Poland – Great Britain and France declare war!!!
JAPAN:
JAPAN
• Leader =
• 1st attacked _______________
5. Identify “Isolationism” and explain why the US adopted this policy after WWI.
• Many wanted to remain isolated.– Keep to yourself, worry about America, not Europe– Don’t get suckered into another foreign war!
8- Explain how President Roosevelt assisted the Allies without declaring war.
• 1. CASH AND CARRY– Nations could buy goods for cash and then
carry them home
• 2. LEND-LEASE PLAN– Nations could borrow / rent goods if it
protected AmericaHere, you take these and
do all the fighting!!!
The Phony War:
• After Poland is invaded, France and Great Britain declare war on Germany…– France begins to move its forces to the eastern
border.– Germany also begins moving to the border
• Both sides sit and wait from Sept. – April
• Finally Germany invades from the North
ESSAY QUESTION