Post on 15-Dec-2015
transcript
►Axis Powers►Germany► Italy ► Japan
►Allies►Britain► France►Soviet Union►USA
Nazi Germany and USSR sign a non-aggression pact in 1939
► In 1939 Hitler and Stalin have a meeting and sign a
►non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
►Stalin knew that Hitler hated communism but still signed the treaty
►because he knew that Hitler was planning to attack Poland and Stalin wanted in land in eastern Poland
Poland
By 1939 – Nazi Germany either controlled or was allied with these countries
September 1939 Germany Invades Poland. Britain and France declare war on Germany. WWII Begins
Questions►1. what were some features of the Maginot
Line?2. Was the Maginot line a waste? 3. Describe what the Germans did to take Fort Eben Emael4. Why didn’t the French heavily defend the Ardennes Forest?
►5. What did the French officer who committed suicide say?6. Why didn't thousands of British, French and Belgium soldiers die or get captured at Dunkirk?7. Approximately, how many British, French and Belgium soldiers were rescued?
►Britain and France had recently “appeased” Hitler and hoped that he wasn’t going to take anymore land
► In August of 1939 the Germans started a build up of troops on the Polish border
►Both Britain and France declared that they would go to war if Hitler attacked Poland
►On September 1, 1939 Germany launched a blitzkrieg (lightning war) against Poland.
►This was the official start of WWII ►This made England and France declare war
on Germany but they could not help Poland. Poland surrendered in 3 weeks
Blitzkrieg: “lightning warfare”Super Fast invasion of
planes bombing strategic placesParatroopers dropping behind enemy lines
Thousands of tanks smashing through defensive positions
Panzers Luftwaffe
►German tanks ►German air force
“Phony War” or “sitzkrieg►After the invasion of
Poland in 1939 the rest of Europe was waiting for Hitler’s next move
►And Waited they did► October, Nov.,
Dec., Jan., Feb. March (6months)
► French and British soldiers just sitting in the bunkers of the Maginot Line waiting for the German attack
WW.W II EUROPE 1939-1945 name: _____________________
►Notes:
►Maginot Line ► Ft. Eben Emael►Ardennes Forest► Junker (airplane)►BEF (British
Expeditionary Force)
►Dunkirk
►Maginot Line: a thousand mile, multi-billion dollar defense line on the French /German border containing thousands of cannons, tank traps, ammunition depots, rail lines, hospitals
Fort Eben Emael
►The wait ended on April 9, 1940
► Hitler launched a massive blitzkrieg against Denmark and bombed their major cities.
► The Danish King surrendered his country in 4 hours in attempt to save lives.
►Next was Norway.
►Norway put up a stiff resistance and had many resistors throughout the war
►But within 2 months Norway was defeated
►In May the Nazi war machine moved into the countries of the Netherlands and Belgium
►In 2 weeks in a was pretty was done and Hitler was preparing for his assault on France
Dunkirk
Evacuation @ Dunkirk
► France; ► - A world power, - ► -Britain’s major ally,
surrenders in only 3 weeks!
►3 WEEKS!
The French were so scared that they hid their art
►Poland- 3 weeks►Denmark- 4
hours►Norway- 2
months►Netherlands and
Belgium- 2 weeks
►France- 3 weeks
►Who’s Next?
►Winston Churchill the British Prime Minister during WWII?
►Hitler asked Churchill for a non-aggression treaty and Churchill told him to ________
► “We will NEVA SURRENDA!”
SWAG
Winston Churchill: Prime Minister of Great Britain during
W.W.II► “we will neva
surrenda”
Finish these sentences►Winston Churchill…►The Luftwaffe…►Technological advances that
helped the British were…►The RAF…►Terror bombing…►The reason Hitler called off the
invasion was…►The Battle of Britain is important
because…
The Battle of Britain► August 1940 – April 1941► Hitler wanted the Luftwaffe to
gain “air superiority” over the channel and southern England before launching his amphibious invasion
► At first Luftwaffe bombers caused significant damage - bombing British airplane factories and shipyards
► Brits regularly heard air raid sirens and retreated to solid steel underground bunkers to sleep in at night. Children were moved to agriculture areas in the north
► Britain was helped by its wide array of radar towers that are set up all over southern England
► But England’s biggest and best weapon is its knowledge of the German code due to years of work by brilliant code breakers that had come upon a German military “Enigma” code-making machine
► Throughout the war, the British always knew what the Germans were going to do as a result of this knowledge. Great lengths were required to ensure that the Germans would never find out that their code had been figured out
“Terror” bombing►Bombing the
heart of cities (historic buildings, houses, churches)
►to terrorize a country and break their will to fight
Radar Towers and an “enigma machine” (code
machine) which helped the British create “Ultra” a powerful code-breaking computer so that the British always knew what the Germans
were going to do
RAF: (Royal Air Force) Britain’s Air force
“Terror” bombing► In September of 1940 the
British bombed the German capital Berlin. This act infuriated Hitler and caused him to switch his strategy to bombing cities and civilians centers
► The goal in terror bombing is attempt to break the will of your opponents desire to fight
► Try to kill many innocent people and destroy famous and historic buildings so that it demoralizes a nation
► Luftwaffe bombers dropped tons of bombs destroying major parts of many of England’s bigger cities
► However, on each raid, the Luftwaffe would lose planes to RAF fighters and anti-aircraft artillery so they decided to switch to night bombing
► Brits spent many nights sleeping in subways and air raid shelters
Results of the Battle of Britain
► Each Raid both sides would lose planes
► Planes are expensive!► Germany was losing 10 -20
airplanes in every raid► One raid the Germans lost
over 30 planes!
► yes, they were trading but England’s factories were replacing planes faster than the Germans could
► Frustrated Hitler called off plans for his invasion of Britain to concentrate his military’s power for a spring invasion of the Soviet Union
Some of the numbers and comment► Total civilian losses for England stood at 23,000 killed and
35,000 wounded► The RAF lost 1087 planes but the Luftwaffe lost 1,652!► During this time period British factories turned out some 2354
new aircraft while German manufacturers only made about 1, 000 new airplanes
► It was the first “loss” for Hitler and the Nazi war machine ► Britain’s heroics made a huge psychological statement to the
rest of the world ► The Nazi war machine COULD be beaten! ► Also, as a result of the victory public opinion in the US began to
change where it was once thought that Britain could not withstand Germany’s massive firepower and would eventually surrender
► The British victory over the Nazis is held in the same esteem as Waterloo (the defeat of Napoleon) and is celebrated yearly
► Most importantly, the end of the Battle of Britain allowed the UK to rebuild its military forces as establish itself as an allied stronghold from which to launch bombing raids and the eventual British/US D-Day invasion of Normandy, France
► Had Britain surrendered – most believe that the 20 century would’ve played out much differently
►Why would Hitler Invade USSR?
►Because…
►Lebensraum (living space for the master race)
►Nazis wanted to destroy communism
►Resources: Russia had oil, wheat and coal
►Russia had the most Jews►Europe can have only 1 master
Is the main idea►Paragraph #1►A. Operation Barbarossa►B. the invasion was delayed for years►C. the general goals for the invasion
►Paragraph #2►A. the German front line was 1,000 miles
long►B. description of the 3 main parts of the
invasion►C. When Hitler planned to be finished by
Invasion of The Soviet Union
Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria were “persuaded” to join the Nazis
Yugoslavia and Greece fought and lost in about 2 weeks
Nazis on the Greek Acropolis
Code name “Operation Barbarosa”► Largest invasion in
History►3 speared attack► Leningrad, Moscow► Stalingrad
►Russians destroyed their own country trying to stop the Germans
►The winter froze the Germans
►Germany lost 2/3 of its army
►Russia lost 20 million but still won
CLOSING ACTIVITY Finish these sentences
1.The 3 cities that Germany went after were….
2. Scorched earth policy means…3. In Leningrad…4. Hitler wanted Stalingrad because….5. The Russian winter…6. The Battle of Stalingrad….
Finish these sentences The “key” or goal of fighting in
North Africa was…During WWII Mussolini and Italy…Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria…Greece in WWII…The battle of Leningrad (St.
Petersburg) …Russian winters….Germany lost ________ in the Battle
for Russia
►Leningrad 1941-1944
►Germans surrounded the city for 3 years
► bitter cold►No food ►People ate dogs,
cats ►rats, humans ►Over a million
Russians dead►But the Russians
never surrendered
►Moscow 1941-1943
►Germans got within
►A hundred miles of
►Moscow ► again bitter cold
(-30)►Gasoline in the
tanks ►froze, guns
jammed►Russians counter
attacked►Germans lost
over 500,000 ►Moscow was
never taken
►Stalingrad►Hitler wanted
Stalingrad► for the oil in the
area►But more
because it bore the name “Stalin”
►July 1942-Feb 1943
►90% of city destroyed
►Germans lost 200,000
►And 91,000 Germans
►Surrendered – ►Russians loss 2
million►Turning point of
the war
The Battle of Kursk► Largest tank battle
in history►Hitler trying to
destroy the brunt of Russia’s main military
►After 11 days the German offensive was halted
►Germany lost 1,000 tanks and 200,000 men
►Hitler’s final attempt at victory had failed
►Russia’s best soldier
►GENERAL WINTER
The way Russia views WWII► It’s called The Great
Patriotic War to save the motherland not WWII
► Russia lost 20 million! in comparison – Germany 7 mill, USA 400 thous – Britain 300 thous, japan 5 mill
► Their entire country was destroyed – land burnt, dams destroyed, cities thrashed, no one went to school – everyone participated in the war effort
► THEY defeated Hitler ► THEY destroyed 70% of the
German military► THEY took the German
capital of Berlin and made Hitler kill himself
► THEY have Hitler’s ashes and skull
“Lebensraum”: living space (for the master race)
“Borders are made by man and changed by man” – Adolf Hitler
“borders are just silly lines that politicians draw on maps”
“the master race will decide what their borders will be not the League of Nations”
Concentration/Death camps during W.W.II
D-DAY (‘Designated Day’ – the day that were are invading)
AKA – “OPERATION OVERLORD”
D-Day: June 6th 1944: The Allies (Britain, US, and Canada) Invading the
beaches of Normandy, France ► Largest amphibious
invasion in history►2 years of planning►5,000 ships►150,000 men►13,000
paratroopers►Tons of bombing►Massive deception
(fake, armies, spies, disinformation)
Normandy
Fake Army
►Before dawn six parachute regiments -- over 13,000 men parachuted into France to blow up bridges and secure roads
►By nightfall on June 6, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were dead or wounded.
Establishing a beachhead (safe
place to un load supplies) In Normandy► In a few days more
than 100,000 Allied soldiers had made it ashore, securing French coastal villages.
► ► Supplies (ammo, shells
tanks) were being brought into France at the rate of 20,000 tons of per day.
American Cemetery in Normandy
CLOSING ACTIVITY: Finish the sentence
►1. D-Day is ...►2. Normandy…3. An interesting fact about D-Day was...4. Another fact about D-Day was...5. A beachhead...6. D-Day is important because...
B29 “Flying fortresses” bombing factories
Complete these sentences
►After D-Day…►The Battle of the Bulge..►German tank commander Erwin
Rommel…►The Russians in WWII…►Hitler in his final days…►Reasons the Allies won the war
were….
The way Russia views WWII► It’s called The Great
Patriotic War to save the motherland not WWII
► Russia lost 20 million! in comparison – Germany 7 mill, USA 400 thous – Britain 300 thous, japan 5 mill
► Their entire country was destroyed – land burnt, dams destroyed, cities thrashed, no one went to school – everyone participated in the war effort
► THEY defeated Hitler ► THEY destroyed 70% of the
German military► THEY took the German
capital of Berlin by themselves and made Hitler kill himself
► THEY have Hitler’s ashes and skull
Soviet soldiers replacing the Nazi flag with the USSR flag on top of the German
capital during the battle of Berlin►Russian view of the
war► THEY defeated Germany► THEIR country was totally
destroyed► THEY paid the price losing 20
million► THEY defeated 500 German
divisions compared with Britain/ US’ 200 divisions
► THEY took Berlin by themselves► THEY made Hitler kill himself► THEY have his body► THEY call it the “The Great Patriotic
War to save the motherland”
V-E Day May 8th 1945
Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta discussing what to do with Germany
after W.W.II
Nuremburg War Crimes Trial
►Months of trials to prosecute the Nazi leaders
►Judges from all over the world
►Only 12 convicted
►“Crimes against humanity”
►(The Holocaust)
WW.W II EUROPE 1939-1945 name: _____________
►Notes: