Post on 29-May-2015
transcript
Isfd 18
LEE 4Mansilla, AdrianaPalamara, María Paula
Writing for a good communicationproductive
skill
Comprehensive reading
Various principles in writing
Decontextualized production process A social view
Writing=speaking Writing=speaking (context bound) important for the development of writing competence and INTERACTION between listener spoken discourseand speaker = clarification negotiation co-construction of meaning
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Carl Bereiter has collaborated with Marlene Scardamalia on cognitive and writing research for more than 35 years. Happily married for many years, Carl and Marlene have developed “knowledge building as a distinctive educational approach”
READER BASED APPROACH
to writing to ensure the communicative power of a text even in a setting where interaction is decontextualized -1987-
How to develop a communicative text ?
Develop a reader-based approachPrior knowledge and writing experience (Content Schemata)Discourse knowledge and writing convention (Formal Schemata)Assessment of writer’s intention and awareness of the audience Metacognition ( editing, revision)
Top - Down processing
An even better written text...
Use proper lexical items Choose proper grammatical formsUse of appropriate cohesive devicesPay attention to punctuationMetacognition ( editing and revision)
Bottom - Up processing
Approaches to writing theory & writing instruction
audience contextin writing and reading
language
-The expressivist approach
-The cognitivist approach-The interactionists
Writing activities
Self discovery “Personal and dialog journals” -Elbow-
Thinking and process “Problem solving activity”
Interactive perspective “Intertextuality” -Bakhtin 1973-
Writerresponsible for communication
QuantityInformation
QualityJustification
RelevanceSense in a context
MannerLinguistic formssentence structure
Grice’s maxims -1975 -
Top down processing
Bottom up processing
CoherenceOrganize thoughts into a sequence which makes sense
How to develop a communicative text ?
°Extratextual
Background knowledge the reader is likely to bring to the reading of the text
°Intratextual
Features in a written text that the writer should build in a text to ensure coherence
°Genre and rethorical formatNarrative / expository
Subgenresfables, novels folktales
-Expected readers-place of written text
purpose & audience
Writing instructionPrior to writing #Brainstorming activities #Discussions #Oral interactions - role play activities - Sts can discover they have a lot to say about the subject #Start writing! - encourage Sts to write about anything at all -
STEPS 1st - choose the topic 2nd - think of the reader or the audience 3rd - choose the genre
Planning communicative activitiesOutlinesFlowcharts
Provide the writer with a system of mapping out the main ideas to be presented in a logical way.
Brainstorming Describe the town where you live
advantage and disadvantage of the new technologies
the trip of your dreams
Features of the trip Places to
visit
transportation
Taxis
Buses
Subwayold markets
PubsRocky coastlineMountainous
A writing teacher Should develop writing tasks that suit the students’ needs and interests to ensure motivation on the writer. The result is a successful communication in the written message.
“Use the reading as model… Passages from literature or written by others as models for one’s own writing“Summarizing - reading writing activity - For the
writer’s own use- -two audiences- Instructor students
-use it to see if the student has understood the material--share their reading ( it’s a way to communicate ideas with others)
“Portfolio An ongoing collection of different writing assignments ( Personal messages, letters, summaries essays)
useful for longer writing project before the actual writing is done
The more you read the more your knowledge expand !
In order to understand a written texts the reader needs the application of different tasks:
● Decode the message● Interpret the message● Understand the author´ s intentions
Reading for Communication
Reader
Text
WriterInteraction
How to achieve an effective reading...
Top - Down processingConsider Prior knowledgeand Prior reading experienceApply knowledge of written conventionConsider the purpose of reading
Bottom - Up processingRecruit linguistic knowledge -vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, cohesion, orthography-and Reading strategies
Metacognitive awareness
How to facilitate the interpretation of a text while reading?
Coherence Cohesion
Reader´s experienceKnowledge on writing conventions
Reader´s linguistic competence
Problems in reading
● Mismatch ( predictions/ text; prior knowledge/text; linguistic competence/text)
● Ambiguity of referencial ties ( articles, pronouns or demostratives)
A well written product is in constant changing and revision to suit the writer’s goals and needs to accommodate potential readers
An effective reading is achieved by developing reading strategies. Making constant adjustment to the text to match the schemata of context and form, presented by the writer in the text, with our own schemata and view of the world.
Sources
-Celce-Murcia, M. & Olshtain, E. (2000) Discourse and Context in Language Teaching. A Guide for Language Teachers. Chapters 7, 8. U.K.:
-Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg Available at: en.wikipedia.org-Breaking Down Critical Reading | Princeton Tutoring Blogblog.princetontutoring.com-Bad Girls: Summer Reading Book Club Edition - Work Life Balance ...wlbpa.org
Pictures sources