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SCHOOL GOVERNORS ENERGY PLANNING GUIDANCE

ENERGY REDUCTION PLANNING

Michael Hubbard Carbon reduction Advisor

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Contents

• Energy and CO2

• Developing energy awareness

• Types of energy saving measures

• Typical HCC school issues

• Capital funding options

• Getting access to funding

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CO2 in relation to energy

• All energy use causes CO2 emissions, but…

• Emissions = units used x carbon emission factor

• 1kWhr unit Natural gas = 0.194kg CO2

• 1kWhr unit Heating oil = 0.284kg CO2

• 1kWhr unit Grid electricity = 0.544kg CO2

• Electricity is the worst polluter!

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Typical CO2 emission areas

• Averaged CO2 emissions from HCC schools across infant / junior / secondary:

• 50% gas emissions from space / water heating

• 25% electrical emissions from fixed lighting

• 25% electric emissions from plug-load and fixed pumps / fans etc (% increases with PC use)

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Creating an energy aware culture

• Simple energy saving behaviour is worth it:• Good energy behaviour policy on sites without a

current policy can yield 10%+ CO2 reductions

• Energy saving behaviour remains worth it: • Even efficient heating / lighting / equipment

must be managed well for optimum efficiency

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Energy behaviour action planning

• Templates exist for creating energy action plans and reduction targets if required

• New AMR data will provide accurate recent data going forward

• For annual baseline usage, use data from:

– 2009 (Jan-Dec) calendar yr bills, or

– 2010-2011 financial yr bills (pending…)

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No cost behavioural changes

• 10% CO2 reduction possible

• Minimise run time & temp of space heating

• Ditto for water heating if separately controlled (and allowing microbial safety)

• Switch-off unused lights / PCs / projectors

• Close openings in cold weather unless absolutely necessary *

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Low cost carbon reduction measures

• Single glazing made worse by draughts – seal!• Exposed hot pipes can be insulated• Solar reflective films can remove need for an A/C

solution to solar gain• Local heating control to avoid the scenario of heating

on–windows open- Local heater switch-off (or even better)- room thermostats or TRVs

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Medium Cost measures

•Hot ICT rooms to use natural (or fan assisted) ventilation rather than A/C•Hot water in kitchens / hand-basins etc best if water is heated locally and as used.•Space and water heating controls best with separate time / temperature control•Masonry (cavity) walls best with injected foam insulation

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Higher Cost Measures

• Time & temp heat controls with additional zone control and weather compensation

• Update obsolete boilers to latest efficiencies of 90% (or up to 95%*).

• Update lighting with LED units which save 75% against fluorescents (or more with additional motion and light level detection controls

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Renewable electrical generation

• The Feed in Tariff (FIT) payment per kW generated is additional to the benefit of generated electricity offsetting grid supply.

• Photovoltaic (PV) – the easiest to fit and operate - most viable type.

• Wind turbines – OK with wind! Subject to many objections – often not viable

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Renewable heating systems

• The Renewable Heating Incentive (RHI) scheme compensates for the extra cost over conventional heating systems

• Solar thermal – summer hot water for showers and pools.

• Biomass boilers – replacing oil or LPG. Needs suitable fuel supply.

• Heat pumps - replacing oil, or allowing regulation compliance in new build

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Typical building fabric problem

• No effective temperature “defence”

• Virtually no roof insulation

• No wall insulation

• No thermal mass

SCHOOL

Roof heat loss

Wall heat loss

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CEAC / HCC fabric construction

• Upgrade through

• Asset management plan

• Other pro-active options

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Roof insulation

• 100mm rigid foam slows heat loss 6x

• Total re-roofing within asset mgmnt plan are forced by regulation to add 100mm insulation.

• Combined membrane / insulation / PV panel installations may be possible as part of a PV installation contract.

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Wall insulation

• Replace window wall with d/glazing & insulated panels slows heat loss 4 x

• Upgrades are available as part of the asset management plan for old & failing components

• Upgrades may proceed on a (50/50) capital funded / loan repaid by savings basis, and stretch use of capital elsewhere.

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Effective achievable CO2 measures

• Replacement of old gas boilers & controls with more efficient new systems.

• Replace fluorescent lighting with LED units + movement and LUX level sensors

• Behavioural changes to reduce electrical plug-load (computers a major factor)

• Renewable electrical generation, or other low carbon technologies*

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Lack of capital funding?

• Financial vehicles can fund provision of energy reduction measures - no capital outlay

• Schools repay only at the rate of savings in energy bills – no increase in total bills

• No immediate saving in bills either, but immediate CO2 emission reductions

• On repayment of the loan (within 5 years) reduced bills going forward

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Salix capital funding

• Government backed loan with 5 yr payback (7 yrs if capital contributed)

• Repayments due after 1 yrs accrual of savings. Salix compliant schemes include:

• LED lights / automatic sensor controls• Main boilers• Boiler controls• Voltage reduction (larger sites)

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Non Salix Funding

• Evaluating the acceptability of non-Salix lease purchase (HP) type funding.

• Typically applicable to:

• Photovoltaic panel (PV) schemes

• Replacement of window-walling

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Questions to clarify potential

• For addition to HCC property database information

School No. School name Pupil numbers?

Heating Fuel for main space heating? Fuel for main water heating?

Age / photo of space heat boiler? Age / photo if central water heater

Age/photo of heating control panel Are there local water heaters?

Other additional space heating? local water heated as it is used, or stored?

Energy supply Number of gas meters? Number of electric meters?

Gas automatic meter reader fitted? Electric automatic meter reader fitted?

Roof types % Flat roof? % pitched roof?

Flat roof general condition? Pitch roof general condition?

Sq/m areas recently renewed? Area orientated to S / SW / SE?

Wall types % of wall as window-wall type? % of wall which are masonry type?

% (of window-wall) double-glazed? % (of masonry wall) already insulated?

Lighting Are current lights fluorescent? Were lights recently updated?

Are motion sensors fitted? Are light intensity sensors fitted?

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Process for funded measures

1. HCC adviser gives options on best measures available

2. Fill an energy audit on HCCs Grid CRC page

3. HCC updates property database, and refers the school to suitable suppliers / services

4. School decides what measures to pursue, and engages directly

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THANK YOU

• Please remember….

• Set up & MAINTAIN a best behaviour culture in use of building energy.

• Take advantage of additional funded capital measures as available to your school

• Refer to HCC website CRC page for ongoing advice and new opportunities.

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SALIX project feedback

Case study evaluation (to follow)

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Contacts

• Cantact your Carbon Reduction Advisor at: Mike.hubbard@hertscc.gov.uk Tel:01992555305

• Visit the HCC CRC website page thegrid.org.uk/leadership/sustainability/crc/

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QUESTIONS TO CLARIFY

• Purchasing and finance to agree allowable procedures Finance leases deemed acceptable for schools? Ref new schools “updata” system via AFM.

• Agree non-salix “stretched” capital on 50% repayment through savings and 50% capital funding

• Agree possible exotic combinations PV / roof membrane / insulation / pitched roof systems with gov. subsidy FIT payments.

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Q & A FAQs