Post on 24-Feb-2016
description
transcript
Year 8 Revision
May 2014
COASTS• Look at page ___________in Geog.2
Backwash
Swash
Note: Backwash is always at right angles to the beach
Swash and backwash
Attrition
Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Corrosion
Processes of erosion
Processes of erosion
Headlands and bays
Cliffs
Caves, arches, stacks and stumps
1
2
3
4
This is a cave (‘Stair Hole’).
This is an arch (‘Durdle Door’).
This is a stack (Old Harry’s Rocks).These are stumps.
This movement of sediment along the coastline is called longshore drift.
Direction of movement
swash
Backwash
Backwash is always at right angles to the beach
Longshore drift
Spit formation
Chesil Beach
Isle of Portland
Chesil beach
The options...
DO NOTHING!
Rip rap
Groynes
Stone revetment
Sea wall
Gabions
PEOPLE AND THE PLANET• Look at these pages _______in Geog.2 to find
this information.......
PEOPLE AND THE PLANET
Population Basics
• Birth rate is the number of births per 1000 • Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 • Natural increase happens if there are more
births than deaths
• If there are more births than deaths the population will grow. Most countries have a growing population
Will The population in a country grow IF
• Everyone gets better food• War happens• Deadly disease spreads• There is famine and drought• There are more doctors and hospitals• Contraception is provided• Women are educated
Sustainability…
ENERGY AND GLOBAL WARMING
Animation showing the formation of fossil fuels
Impact of burning fossil fuels – Greenhouse Effect
often located in exposed areas such as mountainous regions
Wave
Solar
Geothermal
Wind
HEP
Tidal
Match the statement with the energy source
water stored in dams is released through turbines to generate electricity
located on the coast with a chamber facing the prevailing wind
mirrors concentrate the sun’s rays onto water-filled black pipes
powered by a man-made barrage, usually found across an estuary
heat produced by rocks under the Earth’s surface
heat produced by rocks under the Earth’s surface
water stored in dams is released through turbines to generate electricity
located on the coast with a chamber facing the prevailing wind
mirrors concentrate the sun’s rays onto water-filled black pipes
powered by a man-made barrage, usually found across an estuary
often located in exposed areas such as mountainous regions
GLOBAL WARMING
• Look at these pages _________in Geog.2 to find this information
Global Warming
Are you acting sustainably?
Sustainable development acknowledges that our actions today affect the future and therefore we have a responsibility to protect the Earth and its resources.
Lifestyle and CO2 emissions are linked. How we live can affect the climate.
If we want to preserve the Earth for future generations we need to take personal responsibility to change our lifestyles in response to our knowledge of the effects of climate change.
What can you do?
Sustainability…
ECOSYSTEMS
World biomesThe climate and geography of a region determine what type of biome can exist there. Over time, species have adapted to differences in climate and environment inside each biome.
Can you think of any adaptations species have made to particular biomes?
How Is The Rainforest Structured?EMERGENT LAYER
The tallest trees are the emergents, growing up to 200 feet with huge special roots above the groundcalled buttress roots to support them. Most of these trees are broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens. There is lots of sun here.
CANOPY LAYERThis is the thickest layer of the forest and forms a roof over the remaining layers. It's a maze of leaves and branches as the plants grow quickly in the rain and sun and are competing for light.. The trees have straight trunks
UNDERCANOPY LAYERLittle sunshine reaches this area so the plants have to grow larger leaves to reach the sunlight..There are many giant ferns.
FOREST FLOORHardly any sun reaches the forest floor so almost no plants grow and things begin to decay quickly. A leaf that might take 1 year to decompose, will decompose in 6 weeks.
The Plants Of The Forest
At least two-thirds of the world's plant species, including many exotic and beautiful flowers grow in the
rainforests.
The Animals Of The Forest
The rainforest is home to more than half of the world's animals. Colourful and unusual animals dwell in all four layers of the forest. All types of creatures are represented, from tiny insects to large mammals.
Biodiversity as a resource
The Amazon rainforest has been used by man for centuries and is extremely important on a global scale. But today much development in the forest is unsustainable.
The Amazon rainforest is home to more than 5 million species.
trees are cut down for timbernew medicines can be developed from plantsthe forest provides food and a home for forest inhabitants.
Humans use these species:
Logging, agriculture, mining and road building cause deforestation and the extinction of species.
Broken Nutrient cycle
Deforestation
Fewer leaves fall
Less decomposition (breaking down) of litter by termites, fungi and bacteria
Less nutrients enter the soil
Soil becomes infertile
Less vegetation