Post on 18-Nov-2014
description
transcript
AdenineThymine
cytosineGuanine
G
5
3 5
3
AT
C
G
TA
G
CTA
G
C
T
A
C
GA
TC
G C
G
A ca c T
Aa
A a
T
A
T
C
CC
CT G
Protein Synthesis
Sugar Phosphate
Cell
Nucleus
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
G
5
3 5
3
AT
C
G
TA
G
CTA
G
C
T
A
C
GA
TC
G C
GA ca c T
Aa
A a
T
A
T
C
CC
CT G
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
G
5
3 5
3
AT
C
G
TA
G
CTA
G
C
T
A
C
GA
TC
G C
GA ca c T
Aa
A a
T
A
T
C
CC
CT G
Protein Synthesis
RNA Polymerase
Promoter region
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
mRNA
Termination sequenceCoding region
T A C G G G T C T G T C A C T
A T G C C C A G A C A G T G A
AUGCCCA G ACA GUGA
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
U=Uracil
A U G C C C A G A C A G U G A
U A C G G G U C U G U C A C U
Codon
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
NUCLEOUS
RIBOSOMES
NUCLEAR PORE
Cytoplasm
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
NUCLEOUS
RIBOSOMES
Cytoplasm
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
NUCLEOUS
RIBOSOMES
Cytoplasm
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
A U G C C C A G A C A G U G A
Inside the Ribosome
mRNA strand
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
A U G C C C A G A C A G U G A
Stop codon Start codon
U A C
tRNA molecule
Amino acid
Anti-codon
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
A U G C C C A G A C A G U G A
Stop codon Start codon
U A C G G G
Peptide Bond
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
A U G C C C A G A C A G U G A
Stop codon Start codon
U A C G G G U C U
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
A U G C C C A G A C A G U G A
Stop codon Start codon
U A C G G G U C UG U C
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
A U G C C C A G A C A G U G A
Stop codon Start codon
U A C G G G U C UG U C A C U
Protein
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
Complete Protein
Protein SynthesisProtein SynthesisDNA translation is the process of copying the DNA sequence of a gene and transporting it to the cytoplasm of the cell. In order to do this you must first start with tuning a DNA a strand into and mRNA strand using on of the DNA stands as a template. Once this has occurred you will start filling in the complimentary nucleotides to the mRNA strand to make it whole. You do this with RNA polymerase. The nucleotides are also changes the thymine nucleotides get turned into Uracil because there is no thymine in RNA. So you have adenine bonding with Uracil, and Guanine binging with Cytosine. Once the template is completed and matched with the right complimentary strands the result is a mRNA molecule. This molecule is the messenger molecule. It breaks off from the template strand and moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. When the mRNA strand gets there it returns into its double helix formation. Also DNA translation is now occurring. DNA translation is the process of converting the nucleotide sequence of a mRNA molecule into a language that is understood by ribosomes. The ribosomes read the amino acids. Next you have the ribosmes begin translation at the start codon which has to start with AUG.
Protein SynthesisProtein SynthesisNext the tRNA molecules transfer the amino acid to the ribosome. The rRNA contains an anticodon on one end of an amino acid or the other. An anticodon is the sequence of three nucleotides that are complementary to the codon. Once you have and amino acid out of that they are joined with peptide bonds. The ribosome continues on until reaching the top codon. When it gets here is falls off leaving a chain of amino acids which fold upon itself to give it its function.