Post on 20-Jan-2018
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You will have 2.5 minutes to spell as many words as you
can!
Making the word plural does not count as a second word.
Bell Work Contest!
Fertile Crescent
The Fertile CrescentLand Between Two Rivers
Fertile Crescent Is the name given to the area
between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea
The Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers run through the middle of this region
This region is in present day Iraq
Mesopotamia In Greek = land between the rivers Location
Is inside of the Fertile Crescent Tigris and the Euphrates
Rivers Rivers of life and death Flood waters brought topsoil from the
mountains in spring The floods were unpredictable and swept away
people and animals
Sumer Cities
Surplus allowed for the growth of cities The first cities had about 10,000
people but as time passed they grew to about 100,000
City-States The amount of farmland controlled
by a city-state depended on the size of its military strength.
Buildings and walled cities began to appear
Large deserts kept the cities of Sumer from uniting under one rule
They acted as individual countries even thought they were cities
City-States City-states would continually fight
over who had controlled the farmland and the rights to trade on the river
3500 BC the kingdom of Kish was the most powerful
Uruk and Ur fought for dominance as well
Uruk’s king Gilgamesh became a legendary figure in Sumerian Literature
Rise of the Akkadian Empire Akkadians lived to the north of
Sumer Spoke a different language The two civilizations lived in peace
for many years UNTIL Sargon king of the Akkadians tried to
expand his empire
Sargon Built a new capital of Akkad Near present day Baghdad 1st ruler to have a permanent army 1st to use soldiers with arrows Defeated all the cities of Sumer and
Northern Mesopotamia
Sargon 1st Empire- land with different
territories and peoples under a single rule.
Ruled for 50 years The Empire fell after his death and
the area went into Chaos Ur eventually regains power and
reestablishes Sumer as the most powerful civilization in the region
Sumerian Religion Polytheism
The belief in many gods Myths
Stories about the gods that explain people’s beliefs, warned that the god’s would punish people who angered them
Priests People who performed or led religious
ceremonies
Sumerian Religion Ziggurats
Were structures that were built by the Sumerians to act as a ladder for the god’s
They are terraced with ramps that lead to the top where a temple is located
Sumerian Social Order
KING
Priests
Skilled Craftsmen, Merchants, and traders
Farmers and laborers
Sumerian Achievements Invention of Writing
Cuneiform Pictographs or picture symbols Scribe Epic- long poem that tells the story of
heros
Sumerian Achievements Technical Advances
Wheel- used in carts for trade and transportation
Potters wheel used to make round pottery
Plow- pulled by ox to break up the soil before planting
Water clock Sewers Bronze for tools Makeup and jewelry
Sumerian Achievements Math and Science
Developed a math system which used a 60 as a base
This led to the understanding of 12 months in a year, 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour
Scientists studied the natural world to develop medicine
The Arts of Sumer Architecture-the science of building
In Sumer the buildings were made of clay bricks
Some of the houses were small and built for single families
While others were large and had many rooms
Palaces were large and multileveled Ziggurat- was a pyramid shaped temple
Sumerian Art Many statues of their gods, jewelry,
and carvings from wood or ivory are common
Cylinder Seals- Carvings on round stones that were rolled onto wet clay and left an imprint Showed ownership or famous scenes Music was also an important part of
religion and life
The Sumerian’s Downfall Constant fighting between city-states
weakened them Water rights / who owned the rivers Money
Babylonians eventually took over in 1759 BC
Babylonia and Assyria
Empire An empire is an area of many
territories and people that are controlled by one government
Babylonian Empire
The Babylonian Empire The beautiful city of Babylon was the
center Valued
Conquest: victory in war Wealth
Built cities where learning was valued from the vast wealth they had acquired
The Babylonian Empire
Trade- Babylon’s location made it a center
of trade Caravans, or groups of travelers,
coming and going from other cities stopped in
Bazaars, or markets, existed in these cities to trade goods from all over the world
The Babylonian Empire Hammurabi- Became King
Created Babylon by uniting the cities of Sumer and conquering parts of Asia Minor
One of the most influential leaders in the region
Developed laws and conquered territory
The Code of Hammurabi
Hammurabi’s Code Existed in Babylonia and told people
how to settle problems in all areas of life.
The punishment changed depending on the importance of the victim
Accidents were punished as crimes as well
The Legacy of Mesopotamia
Legal System
Code- organized list, of laws helps make sure laws are applied fairly
Babylonia was the first civilization to write their laws down so everyone new what was expected
The Assyrian Empire
Started as a small city on the Tigris River Nineveh
it had little to no protection from invaders it was out in the open
Developed a strong military After defending themselves for years
they became strong The best defense is a good offense
The Assyrian Empire Advances
Nineveh became a city of great learning Famous library that held tablets from Sumer
and Babylonia This library provided much of the
information that we have on early life in Mesopotamia
Experts in war Battering Ram, slinger, helmets, armor,
archery Armored chariots were their major
advantage
The Assyrian Empire Downfall
They had few friends in the area
Many small rebellions from with in weakened them/ People they had conquered
The Medes and the Chaldeans joined together to crush them in 612 BC
Babylonia Rises Again Chaldeans reestablished Babylon
(New Babylonian Empire)
Nebuchadnezzar II Rebuilt Babylon
A beautiful city with massive decorations
Palace was 350 feet tall According to legend he built the
“Hanging Gardens of Babylon” for his wife who was from the mountains and hated the dry climate of Mesopotamia
Babylonia Rises Again Advances
Science and learning were very important
Developed an accurate calendar Began to raise bees for honey