संपादक की कलम से... - क्योंकि ज़रूरत से...

transcript

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�� izcaèku lg;ksx% eksfgr okfy;k] furs'k dqekj >k] eksfgr feJk] jkds'k flag pkSgku] dqanu dqekj] f'ko dqekj] osn izdk'k] eqds'k dqekj ikBd] vlhe dju] va'kqy frokjh] lquhy 'ksyds] lathr dqekj] fofiu xqIrk] euh"k tSu] lans'k dqekj Mksxjk] euohj usxh] 'kqHke oekZ] xhrk iky] izhfr pkSèkjh] uhfrdk 'kekZ] jkds'k Bkdqj] vfurk tloky] xhrk 'kekZ] fdj.k eYgks=kk] uhjt 'kekZ] vfHk"ksd 'kqDyk] fufru ckscy] rCclqe efyd] bjiQku [kku] 'osrk] jfo'kadj] jger] vatfy feJk] vuqjkx feJk] ;'k dqekj ekS;Z] lkSjHk dqekj] jpuk nwcs] jathr dqekj dq'kokgk] vfiZr lksuh] lkSjHk dqekj] xkSjo feJk] jtuh'k dqekj f=kikBh] lfcrk fxjh] o`Q".k oqQekj] lkSjHk vfgjokj] jfo oqQekj] jkts'k tkWu] vaoqQj oqQekj] iwtk f}osnh] vk'kh"k xqIrk nh{kk ds'kjokuh] eks- vklhe] fl¼kFkZ frtkSfj;k] eksfgr dqekj ikaMs;A

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VkWij ls ckrphr

7 n`f"V djasV vQs;lZ VqMs || ekpZ 2020 || 7

n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs% flfoy lsok ijh{kk esa mPp jSad ij p;fur gksus ij vkidks ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dh vksj ls gkfnZd cèkkbZA p;fur gksdj vkidks dSlk yx jgk gS\Jhdkar dksjke% èkU;okn! eq>s cgqr [kq'kh gks jgh gSA

n`f"V% D;k bl ijh{kk esa liQy gksuk gh vkids thou dk loksZPp y{; Fkk\ ;fn ugha] rks vkxs vkidh fuxkg fdu mn~ns';ksa ij yxh gS\Jhdkar% bl ijh{kk esa liQy gksuk thou dk ,d y{; vo'; Fkk] ijarq loksZPp y{; ughaA vkxs eSa lekt dh lsok vPNs ls djuk pkgrk gw¡ vkSj fujarj vius dk;Z dks djds larq"V gksuk pkgrk gw¡A vxj eq>s ekSdk feysxk rks eSa vius dke vkSj dÙkZO; ls le>kSrk fd;s fcuk UPSC dh rS;kjh djuk pkgrk gw¡A

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VkWij dk ifjp;

uke% Jhdkar dksjkefirk dk uke% Lo- Jh lqdeu flag dksjkeekrk dk uke% Lo- Jherh euksjek dksjketUefrfFk% 15 iQjojh] 1993'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk,¡% Bachelor of Engineering (Civil Engineering)vkn'kZ O;fDrRo% esjs ckcwth vkSj ek¡O;fDrRo ds ldkjkRed i{k% èkS;Z] fujarjrk] n`<+ fu'p;hO;fDrRo ds udkjkRed i{k% Hkkoqdrk#fp;k¡% cLrjh O;atu idkuk

ifj.kke ls lacafèkr dqN tkudkfj;k¡ijh{kk dk uke% CGPSC-2018

vuqozQekad% 1807148653jSad% 2ndijh{kk dk ekè;e% English

iz;kl la[;k% rhljkeq[; ijh{kk esa dqy vad% 860.5

baVjO;w% 72

dqy vad% 932.5

CGPSC-2018 ijh{kk esa f}rh; jSad ij p;fur

VkWij ls ckrphrVkWij ls ckrphrJhdkar dksjke

baVjO;w dh j.kuhfr

|| n`f"V djasV vQs;lZ VqMs || ekpZ 20201010

^baVjO;w* 'kCn lqudj dbZ ckj cM+s&cM+s fnXxt Hkh ?kcjkgV ds f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA njvly ;g ijh{kk viuh çÑfr esa gh ,slh gS fd mEehnokj dk cspSu gksuk LokHkkfod gSA blesa u rks çkjafHkd ijh{kk dh rjg lgh mÙkj ds fy;s fodYi fn;s tkrs gSa vkSj u gh eq[; ijh{kk ds dqN ç'ui=kksa dh rjg viuh lqfoèkk ls ç'uksa ds p;u dh lqfoèkk gksrh gSA gj ç'u dk mÙkj nsuk vfuok;Z gksrk gS vkSj gj mÙkj ij vkils çfrç'u Hkh iwNs tk ldrs gSaA gj xyr ;k gYdk mÙkj ^uSxsfVo ekfd±x* tSlk uqdlku djrk gS vkSj blls Hkh eqf'dy ckr ;g fd ijh{kk ds igys nks pj.kksa ds foijhr blds fy;s dksbZ fuf'pr ikB~;Øe Hkh ugha gSA nqfu;k esa tks Hkh ç'u lkspk tk ldrk gS] og blds ikB~;Øe dk fgLlk gSA vkSj bu lcls cM+h dfBukbZ ;g fd yxHkx 25–30 o"kZ ds ,d mEehnokj dh ijh{kk ysus ds fy;s ,sls ik¡p yksx lkeus cSBs gksrs gSa ftuesa ls çR;sd dk dk;Z&vuqHko mEehnokj dh dqy vk;q ls ”;knk gksrk gSA ,sls vuqHkoh O;fDr;ksa ds lkeus u rks ckr dks ?kqekuk ;k Vkyuk laHko gksrk gS vkSj u gh >wB cksydj cpukA dbZ fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkkjrh; flfoy lsok dk baVjO;w cgqr gn rd rqDds okyk ekeyk cu tkrk gSA fdlh mEehnokj dks dkSu&lk cksMZ feyk_ ml cksMZ ds lnL;ksa dh #fp ;k idM+ fdu {ks=kksa esa gS_ os mEehnokj dh Hkk"kk esa lgt gSa ;k ugha_ ml fnu mudk ewM dSlk gS_ mudh jktuhfrd ilan mEehnokj ls feyrh&tqyrh gS ;k fojksèkh gS_ cksMZ ds lnL; lkekU;r% vfèkd vad nsuk ilan djrs gSa ;k de& dbZ ckj ,sls la;ksx gh mEehnokj ds Hkfo"; dk fuèkkZj.k dj nsrs gSaA

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lcls igys ge dqN fcanqvksa ds ekè;e ls ;g le>us dh dksf'k'k djsaxs fd baVjO;w cksMZ ds lnL; mEehnokj ls dSls u”kfj;s dh mEehn djrs gSa\ bl ppkZ dks ge dqN lkekU; la'k;ksa ds vkèkkj ij vkxs c<+k,axsA os la'k; tks baVjO;w dh rS;kjh dj jgs mEehnokjksa dks izk;% ijs'kku djrs gSa] tSls& D;k ge baVjO;w esa ljdkjh uhfr;ksa dk fojksèk dj ldrs gSa\ D;k ge fooknkLin eqíksa ij fdlh ,d rjiQ >qd ldrs gSa\ gesa vkn'kZoknh mÙkj nsus pkfg;s ;k O;kogkfjd mÙkj\ rFkk ,sls gh dqN vkSj la'k;A

izeq[k la'k;

D;k ge ljdkjh uhfr;ksa dk fojksèk dj ldrs gSa\

;g iz'u baVjO;w nsus okys dbZ mEehnokjksa dks ijs'kku djrk gSA eku yhft;s fd fdlh lnL; us mEehnokj ls fdlh ljdkjh uhfr ds vkSfpR; ij ç'u iwNk gS ;k ml uhfr ds lgh

;k xyr gksus ds lacaèk esa mldh jk; ekaxh gSA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij lnL; dk ç'u gS fd ¶tSlk fd vki tkurs gh gSa fd orZeku dsaæ ljdkj dbZ ”k:jh eqíksa ij ,d ds ckn ,d foèks;dksa dks cgqer ds cy ij laln ls O;kid fopkj&foe'kZ ds fcuk ikl djk jgh gSA vkidh jk; esa ljdkj dh ;g uhfr lafoèkku dh ewy Hkkouk ds vuqdwy gS ;k ml ij pksV djrh gS\¸

,sls ç'uksa esa mEehnokjksa dh nqfoèkk ;g gksrh gS fd mUgsa ljdkj ds i{k esa gh fn[kuk pkfg;s ;k os ljdkjh uhfr;ksa dh vkykspuk Hkh dj ldrs gSa\ mUgsa Hk; jgrk gS fd vxj os ljdkj ds f[kykiQ cksysaxs rks ljdkj mUgsa viuh lsok esa D;ksa 'kkfey djsxh\

lp ;g gS fd baVjO;w cksMZ mEehnokj ls mldh jk; tkuuk pkgrk gS] u fd ljdkj dh jk;A og mlls ljdkj dk izoDrk gksus dh vis{kk ugha djrkA blfy;s mEehnokj dks iwjk vfèkdkj gS fd og Lora=k foosd ls ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa dh leh{kk djsA gk¡] mls ljdkj dk rhoz ;k ,drjiQk fojksèk ugha djuk pkfg;sA fojksèk esa Hkh larqyu] e;kZnk vkSj fouezrk dk cus jguk csgn ”k:jh gSA og tks Hkh fojksèk djs] mlds ikl viuh ckr ds i{k esa Bksl çek.k vkSj rdZ gksus pkfg;s] fojksèk gokbZ fdLe dk ugha gksuk pkfg;sA

fooknkLin eqíksa ij gekjh jk; D;k gksuh pkfg;s\

vc ,d nwljk ç'u ns[krs gSaA eku yhft;s fd baVjO;w cksMZ ,d csgn fooknkLin eqís ij mEehnokj dh jk; iwNrk gS ftl ij fdlh

(fç; fo|kfFkZ;ks] bl vad ls ge baVjO;w dh rS;kjh ls tqM+s bl fo'ks"k dkWye dh 'kq#vkr dj jgs gSaA vkils fuosnu gS fd vki blds

fofHkUu [kaMksa dks vkil esa tksM+dj i<+sa] le>sa vkSj tgk¡ rd laHko gks] jks”kejkZ ds vH;kl esa mrkjus dh xaHkhj dksf'k'k djsaA)

D;k gks lgh j.kuhfr\ (Hkkx&1)MkW- fodkl fnO;dhfrZ

27 ,fFkDl laca/kh ys[k egkRek cq¼ ds uSfrd fopkj

–MkW- fodkl fnO;dhfrZ

19foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh; ys[k opqZvy rFkk vkWXesaVsM fj;fyVh

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16jktuhfrd ys[k phQ vkWQ fMQsal LVkQ % lexz fo'ys"k.k

–vafdr ^eerk* R;kxh

31vkWfM;ks ys[k bljks dk lQj

–uezrk flag

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–'kf'k Hkw"k.k (foosd jkgh)

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vafdr ^eerk* R;kxh

jktuhfrd ys[k

phQ vkWQ fMQsal LVkQ % lexz fo'ys"k.k

LVkiQ in dh vko';drkvksa] laHkkoukvksa] bl in ds vfèkdkjksa o nkf;Roksa dh foLrkj ls ppkZ djrs gq, bl in ls lacafèkr fparkvksa o pqukSfr;ksa dk lexzrk ls fo'ys"k.k djsaxsA

i`"BHkwfe

Hkkjr esa lSU; cyksa ds eè; ,dhdj.k o leUo;u dks c<+kok nsus ds mís'; ls ,d lhMh,l tSlh O;oLFkk gks] ;g fo"k; Lora=krk ds igys vkSj blds ckn Hkh fofHkUu le;ksa ij mBrk jgk FkkA 1999 esa Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds eè; dkjfxy ds lSU; la?k"kZ ds ckn dkjfxy la?k"kZ vkSj Hkkjr dh lSU; rS;kjh dh leh{kk ds mís'; ls ^dkjfxy leh{kk lfefr (Kargil Review Committee-KRC) dk xBu fd;k x;k] blh lfefr us igyh ckj lSU; cykas ds ,dhdj.k o leUo;u gsrq xaHkhj mik; lq>k,A lhMh,l tSlh ,d O;oLFkk fufeZr djus dk igyk vkSipkfjd çLrko Hkh blh lfefr ds ekè;e ls vk;kA lfefr ds }kjk j{kk ea=kky; vkSj lSU; cyksa ds eq[;ky;ksa ds chp mPpLrjh; fu.kZ;u lajpuk vkSj jk"Vªh; lqj{kk çcaèku ds lewps ifjn`'; dks iquxZfBr djus dh vuq'kalk dh xbZA gkyk¡fd lfefr us lhèks lhMh,l dh fliQkfj'k ugha dh Fkh cfYd blus rhu lsokvksa ds chp vfèkd leUo; dh vko';drk dks js•kafdr fd;k] tks dkjfxy la?k"kZ ds 'kq#vkrh

gÝrksa esa •jkc FkhA blds ckn bl lfefr dh fjiksVZ vkSj fliQkfj'kksa dk vè;;u djus okys ,d ea=kh lewg (GoM) dk;Zcy us ;g çLrko fn;k fd ,d lhMh,l] tks 5&LVkj vfèkdkjh gksxk] fu;qDr fd;k tk,A lhMh,l dh fn'kk esa vkxs dne c<+krs gq, rRdkyhu ljdkj us 2002 ds var esa ,dhÑr j{kk LVkiQ (vkbZMh,l) cuk;k] ftls varr% lhMh,l lfpoky; ds :i esa dke djuk FkkA

dkjfxy leh{kk lfefr fjiksVZ ds ,d n'kd ls Hkh vfèkd le; ckn 2011 esa] rRdkyhu ljdkj us j{kk vkSj lqj{kk ij ujs'k paæ lfefr dh LFkkiuk dhA bl lfefr us lhMh,l ds ,d u, çk:i dk lq>ko fn;kA blesa ,d pkj&LVkj vfèkdkjh ds :i esa phiQ vkWiQ LVkiQ dfeVh ds vè;{k dk gh dk;Zdky nks o"kZ dk fuf'pr djus dk lq>ko fn;k (lkekU;r% ;g dk;Zdky vè;{k dh vius lSU; cy ds çeq• ds :i esa lsokfuo`fÙk rd gksrk Fkk)A lkFk gh] ;g Hkh çLrko fn;k x;k fd mlds ikl phiQ vkWiQ LVkiQ dfeVh ds vè;{k dh rqyuk esa dkiQh vfèkd 'kfDr;k¡ gksaxhA gkyk¡fd] bl lfefr dh fliQkfj'kksa ij Hkh dksbZ Bksl dk;Z ugha gks ik;k D;ksafd 2014 esa pquko ds ckn ubZ ljdkj us dk;ZHkkj laHkky fy;kA blds ckn ebZ 2019 esa orZeku ljdkj vius nwljs dk;Zdky ds fy;s pqudj vkbZ o 15 vxLr] 2019 dks jk"Vª ds

15 vxLr] 2019 dks lhMh,l ds xBu dh

?kks"k.kk gqbZ

pqukSfr;k¡gkfy;k lanHkZ

phQ vkWQ fMQsal LVkQ

i`"BHkwfe

1 tuojh] 2020 dks tujy (lsokfuo`Ùk)

fcfiu jkor us Hkkjr ds igys phiQ vkWiQ fMisaQl LVkiQ (lhMh,l) dk

in laHkkyk

dkjfxy ;q¼ dh lekfIr ds i'pkr~~ lhMh,l ds xBu dh vuq'kalk dh xbZ Fkh

lhMh,l j{kkea=kh ds eq[; j{kk lykgdkj gksaxs

lsuk ds rhukas vaxkas ds chp la;qDrrk dks c<+kok nsaxs

Hkwfedk

lsukvkas dk vkèkqfudhdj.k lqfuf'pr djuk

lsuk o flfoy ukSdj'kkgh ds chp leUo; LFkkfir

ys[k [kaM

okLrfod vkSj vokLrfod ij nk'kZfud cglsa gksrh jgh gSaA nqfu;k esa D;k okLrfod gS vkSj D;k vokLrfod] ;g ç'u ftKklqvksa ds fy;s çkphu le; ls ,d igsyh jgk gSA ysfdu tc okLrfod vkSj vokLrfod ph”kksa ls ifjfpr gksrs gq, mUgsa viuh ”k:jr ds vuqlkj lVhd vuqikr esa ç;ksx dj fy;k tk lds rks okdbZ ;g ,d jksekapd vkSj egÙoiw.kZ vuqHko gksxkA vxj dEI;wVj ij •sys tkus okys xse dks •syus ds fy;s dEI;wVj ds vokLrfod dSjsDVj vkSj •syus okys ds vyx okLrfod dSjsDVj dh ctk; ge ,d ,sls okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djus esa l{ke gksa tgk¡ blds fy;s vyx ls dEI;wVj fMLIys dh vko';drk u gks] cfYd •syus okyk Lo;a ml •sy esa 'kkfey gks lds rks ;g vuqHko fuf'pr gh jksekapd gksxkA flusek ns•us okys vkSj flusek esa }Sr lekIr gks tk, vkSj ;fn ns•us okyk Hkh flusek ns•rs oDr Lo;a dks ml okrkoj.k ds vanj eglwl dj lds rks vo'; gh ;g ,d vyx vuqHko gksxkA rduhd ds }kjk ,slk laHko fd;k tk pqdk gS] bl okLrfod vkSj vokLrfod dh nhokj dks yxHkx lekIr fd;k tk pqdk gSA okLrfod vuqHko esa vkHkklh vuqHko dks fefJr djuk vkSj vkHkklh vuqHko dks okLrfod ds leku eglwl djuk vc laHko gS vkSj ftl rduhd dh otg ls ;g vuqHko laHko gks ldk gS] mldk uke gS& opZqvy fj;fyVh rFkk vkWXesaVsM fj;fyVhA bl ys• esa

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh; ys[k

opqZvy rFkk vkWXesaVsM fj;fyVh

fufèk flag

ge bUgha rduhdksa ds ckjs esa tkusaxsA ge le>saxs fd vkWXesaVsM rFkk opqZvy fj;fyVh D;k gS\ nksukas esa D;k lekurk,¡ rFkk fHkUurk,¡ gSa\ buds rduhdh igyw D;k gSa\ bl rduhdh ds iQk;ns vkSj uqdlku D;k gSa\ rFkk blls lacaf/r pqukSfr;k¡ D;k gksaxh\ vkfnA loZizFke ge opqZvy fj;fyVh dks le>rs gSaA

opqZvy fj;fyVh (Virtual Reality)

opqZvy fj;fyVh (VR) ls rkRi;Z ,d ,sls okrkoj.k ds fuekZ.k ls gS tks vokLrfod gksrs gq, Hkh okLrfod izrhr gksA blesa dEI;wVj vkèkkfjr izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk bLrseky dj ,d vkHkklh nqfu;k dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA bl vkHkklh nqfu;k dks opqZvy fj;fyVh vkèkkfjr midj.kksa ds ekè;e ls ns[k] lqu vkSj mldk vuqHko fd;k tk ldrk gSA

opZqvy fj;fyVh esa O;fDr vius vuqHkoksa esa okLrfod nqfu;k ls vyx ,d vkHkklh nqfu;k esa ços'k djrk gS tks vokLrfod gksrs gq, Hkh okLrfod TkSlk eglwl gksA ;g vkHkklh nqfu;k ç;kstu&fo'ks"k ds xzkfiQd fM”kkbuj }kjk dEI;wVj ds lkWÝVos;j rFkk gkMZos;j dh enn ls rS;kj dh tkrh gSA bl vkHkklh nqfu;k esa mrjus ds fy;s fofHkUu çdkj ds vfrfjDr midj.kksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& gsM ekmaVsM fMLIys rFkk MkVk Xykso vkfnA ;g vkHkklh

nqfu;k ftruh vPNh fM”kkbu vkSj mPpLrjh; rduhdksa ls ;qDr gksxh vuqHkoksa dh okLrfodrk ls lekurk mruh gh vfèkd gksxhA bl vkHkklh nqfu;k esa lHkh KkUksfUnz;ksa ds vuqHkoksa ij è;ku fn;k tkrk gS rFkk okrkoj.k&fo'ks"k ds Li'kZ] lqxaèk ;k nqx±èk] fo”kqvy n`';] fo'ks"k lkmaM vkfn dh ,d lexz fM”kkbfuax ls bls okLrfodrk ds fudV yk;k tkrk gSA bl vkHkklh nqfu;k esa ços'k dk vuqHko ftruk vfèkd okLrfodrk ls fudV gksrk gS] mlds vkèkkj ij bls fofHkUu Lo:iksa esa ck¡Vk Hkh tkrk gS] tSls& iw.kZ:is.k fueXu (Fully Immersive)] v¼Z&fueXu (Semi-Immersive) rFkk vfueXu (Non Immersive )A iw.kZ:is.k fueXu opZqvy fj;fyVh esa bl çdkj dk okrkoj.k rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS fd mlesa vfèkd&ls&vfèkd okLrfodrk ls fudVrk eglwl gksA blds fy;s ,d opZqvy fj;fyVh dso (Cave) esa fofHkUu lsallZ rFkk çkstsDVlZ dh enn ls ,d okLrfod yxus okyk okrkoj.k

vkWXesaVsM fj;fyVh

okLrfodrk dks laof¼Zr djus ds fy;s

lhu tsujsVj rFkk vkWCtsDV fjdfXu'ku rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS

okLrfodrk dks laof¼Zr :i esa fn[kkus ds fy;s gsM ekmaVsM fMLIys]

lsalj dSejk rFkk mi;qDr lwpuk iznku okys midj.kkas vkfn dk

bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS

gekjs vkl&ikl ds okLrfod

okrkoj.k dk gh ,d

laof¼Zr :i

blds }kjk gekjs vkl&ikl okLrfod n`';ksa ij dEI;wVj tfur oLrq,¡ ;k

lwpuk,¡ vFkok nksukas dk gh laizs"k.k fd;k

tk ldrk gS

D;k gS\

f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa bldk bLrseky dj foKku

rduhdh] xf.kr tSls fo"k;kas esa cPpkas dh u dsoy #fp gh c<+sxh cfYd bu fo"k;ksa dks i<+us okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh

la[;k Hkh c<+sxh

j{kk {ks=k esa lSfud bldk bLrseky dj vaèksjs esa Hkh ns[k ldsaxs rFkk nq'eu dh okLrfod

fLFkfr dk irk yxk ldus esa l{ke gksaxs

,sls gh dqN vU; {ks=kkas] tSls&

euksjatu] LokLF;] [knku vkfn esa bldk mi;ksx ykHkdkjh gksxk

yksxksa dh futh

tkudkjh dk

nq#i;ksx

bl ij vkèkkfjr xse iksdkseSu xks

bR;kfn ds bLrseky ls cPpkas ds

,fDlMsaV gksus dh laHkkouk vfèkd

ykHk pqukSfr;k¡dk;Ziz.kkyh

ys[k [kaM

la?k"kZ ekuo bfrgkl dk vfHkUu vax jgk gSA èkkfeZd] tkrh;] lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd rFkk lqj{kk vkfn dkj.kksa ls iuius okyk la?k"kZ {ks=kh; o lhfer Lrj ij gksrk jgk gS] rks nqfu;k us ;g Hkh ns[kk gS fd nks ckj ;g lhekvksa dks ikj dj fo'o;q¼ ds :i esa Hkh cny pqdk gSA bu dkj.kksa ds vfrfjDr] yxHkx lHkh la?k"kks± esa fdlh ,d ;k ,dkfèkd O;fDr;ksa ls tqM+k ekeyk dkj.kksa ds dsanz esa jgk gSA elyu] izFke fo'o;q¼ ds dkj.kksa ds ewy esa Hkys gh lkezkT;oknh izfr}af}rk] ;wjksi ds vanj iuirk mxz jk"Vªokn] xqIr lafèk;ksa dk ekeyk rFkk c<+rk lSU;hdj.k tSlh otgsa Fkha] fdarq Lyko mxzokfn;ksa }kjk mudh eqfDr esa ckèkd vkWfLVª;k ds jktoqQekj vkdZM~;wd iQfMZusaM rFkk mldh iRuh dh gR;k us ;q¼ dks vfuok;Z cuk fn;kA ,sls gh teZu 'kkld fgVyj dh dkjxq”kkfj;ksa us f}rh; fo'o;q¼ dks vo';aHkkoh cuk fn;kA blh rjg gky gh esa ,d ,slh ?kVuk gqbZ gS ftlls lacafèkr O;fDr e`R;qijkar Hkh rhljs fo'o;q¼ dk dkj.k cu ldrk gSA og O;fDr gS bZjku dk 'kh"kZ lSfud dekaMj dkfle lqysekuhA ?kVuk ;g gS fd tuojh 2020 dh 'kqjQvkr esa gh vesfjdk us bjkd dh jktèkkuh cxnkn esa ,d geys esa bZjku ds 'kh"kZ lSU; dekaMj dkfle lqysekuh dh gR;k dj nh gSA bl ?kVuk ds izHkko dks le>us ds fy;s igys gesa vesfjdk&bZjku lacaèkksa dk bfrgkl vkSj

lqysekuh dh eè;&iwoZ ,f'k;k esa fuHkkbZ xbZ Hkwfedk dks le>uk gksxkA

vesfjdk&bZjku laca/kksa dk bfrgkl

vesfjdk&bZjku lacaèkksa esa tks rY[kh O;kIr gS mldh 'kqjQvkr o"kZ 1953 esa gh gks xbZ FkhA bl o"kZ vesfjdk us fczVsu ds lg;ksx ls bZjku ds rRdkyhu fuokZfpr izèkkuea=kh eksgEen ekslknsd dks vinLFk djk fn;k FkkA ,slk djus dk ewy dkj.k ^rsy ds [ksy* ls tqM+k FkkA njvly f}rh; fo'o;q¼ dh lekfIr ds mijkar lkezkT;okn ds nkSj ds [kkRes ds lkFk nqfu;k esa fodklijd o vkS|ksfxd xfrfofèk;ksa us rs”k jÝrkj idM+hA bu xfrfofèk;ksa us mQtkZ lalkèkuksa] eq[;r% ØwM vkW;y dh ekax c<+k nhA mQtkZ lalkèkuksa dh [kkst lacaèkh uohu rduhfd;ksa dk fodkl gqvkA bu rduhdksa dh enn ls iwjh nqfu;k esa ozwQM vkW;y ds HkaMkj ryk'ks x,A è;krO; gS] blds vfèkdrj HkaMkj eq[;r% eè;&iwoZ ds ns'kksa esa ik, x,A buesa bZjku] bjkd vkSj lmQnh vjc eq[; FksA bu ns'kksa ds ikl vowQr rsy HkaMkj FkkA vesfjdk lfgr lewpk if'peh txr ;g le> jgk Fkk fd rsy vc u;k lksuk gS vkSj lLrh nj ij rsy dh miyCèkrk mudh vFkZO;oLFkk esa rhoz ,oa nh?kZ o`f¼ lqfuf'pr dj ldrh gSA vr% eq[;r% vesfjdk ds usr`Ro esa if'pe ds

fodflr ns'kksa dk eè;&iwoZ ds ns'kksa esa gLr{ksi c<+us yxkA ;gha ;g le> ysuk Hkh ”k:jh gS fd eè;&iwoZ ds ns'kksa esa rsy ds vowQr HkaMkjksa dk irk Hkys gh yx x;k Fkk fdarq bu ns'kksa ds ikl bldks fudkyus dh rduhd ugha Fkh] rduhd if'peh ns'kksa ds ikl Fkh] [kkldj vesfjdk ds iklA ,sls esa if'peh fodflr ns'kksa us eè;&iwoZ ds ns'kksa ds lkFk bl :i esa ,d oqQfVy [ksy [ksyk fd budh daifu;ksa us eè;&iwoZ esa jkW;YVh pqdkus ds cnys rsy fudklh la;a=k LFkkfir fd;sA bu daifu;ksa us cM+h ek=kk esa rsy fudklh dh vkSj vius ;gk¡ lLrh dher ij rsy vkiwfrZ lqfuf'pr dh ftlls budh vFkZO;oLFkk [kwc iQyh&iwQyhA fdarq eè;&iwoZ ds ns'kksa dks jkW;YVh dh dher ls cgqr vfèkd ykHk gksrk gqvk ugha fn[kkA lkFk gh] mUgsa vius mQtkZ HkaMkj ds vfrnksgu ls mldh lekfIr dk [krjk yxus yxkA vr% bu ns'kksa esa daifu;ksa dk fojksèk gksuk 'kq: gks x;kA blh fojksèk ds ozQe esa bZjku ds èkeZfujis{k izèkkuea=kh ekus tkus okys eksgEen ekslknsd vius ns'k eas rsy m|ksx dk jk"Vªh;dj.k djuk pkgrs FksA muds bl iz;kl dks vesfjdk us fczVsu ds lg;ksx ls foiQy dj fn;k vkSj mUgsa vinLFk djkdj bZjku esa vesfjdk lefFkZr jkt'kkgh LFkkfir djk nhA ;gha ls vesfjdk&bZjku dh nq'euh 'kq: gqbZA

varjkZ"Vªh; laca/kksa ij vk/kkfjr ys[k

'kf'k Hkw"k.k (foosd jkgh)

D;k nqfu;k rhljs fo'o;q¼ dh vksj vxzlj gS\

bZjku eas vesfjdk dk iwoZ esa

jktuhfrd gLr{ksi

bjkd&bZjku ;q¼ esa vesfjdk dk bjkd dks lg;ksx

vesfjdk dh lmQnh vjc o b”kjkby ls rFkk bZjku dh :l

o phu ls u”knhdh

ijek.kq le>kSrs ls vesfjdk dk ckgj gksuk

lqysekuh dh gR;k

vesfjdk us ,d geys esa bZjku ds 'kh"kZ lSU; dekaMj dkfle lqysekuh dh gR;k dj nh gS

gkfy;k lanHkZ Hkkjr ij vlj

bZjku ls rsy vk;kr can

Hkkjr fdlh ,d ns'k dk i{k ugha ys ldrk ftldk

ikfdLrku iQk;nk mBk ldrk gS

[kkM+h ns'kkas esa jg jgs izoklh Hkkjrh;kas dh lqj{kk ij ladV

nqfu;k eas c<+rk Vdjko

vesfjdk&bZjku ds laca/ksa eas ruko D;ksa \

[kkM+h ns'kkas ls vkus okys jsfeVsal eas deh laHko

ys[k [kaM

egkRek cq¼ Hkkjrh; fojklr dh vewY; èkjksgj gSaA oSfnd ijaijk esa èkhjs&èkhjs tks dqjhfr;k¡ iui xbZ Fkha] mUgsa Hkkjr ds Hkhrj igyh Bksl pqukSrh egkRek cq¼ us gh nh FkhA mUgksaus oSfnd ijaijk ds deZdkaMksa ij dM+h pksV dh fdarq osnksa vkSj mifu"knksa esa fo|eku nk'kZfud lw{erkvksa dks fdlh&u&fdlh ek=kk esa vius n'kZu esa LFkku fn;k vkSj bl izdkj Hkkjrh; lkaLÑfrd fojklr dks ,d cus&cuk, <jsZ ls gVkdj mlesa uokpkj dh xqatkb'k iSnk dhA eè;dky esa dchjnkl tSls Økafrdkjh fopkjd ij egkRek cq¼ ds fopkjksa dk xgjk izHkko fn[krk gSA vkèkqfud dky esa MkW- vacsMdj us 1956 easa viuh e`R;q ls dqN igys ckS¼ èkeZ viuk fy;k Fkk vkSj rdks± ds vkèkkj ij Li"V fd;k Fkk fd D;ksa mUgsa egkRek cq¼ 'ks"k èkeZ&izorZdksa dh rqyuk esa ”;knk yksdrkaf=kd u”kj vkrs gSaA vkèkqfud dky esa jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u vkSj ckck ukxktqZu tSls okeiaFkh lkfgR;dkjksa us Hkh cq¼ ls izHkkfor gksdj thou dk yack le; cq¼ dks i<+us&le>us esa [kpZ fd;kA bu lc ckrksa ls bruk rks r; gksrk gh gS fd cq¼ viuh e`R;q ds yxHkx 2500 o"kks± ckn vkt Hkh gekjs lekt ds fy;s izklafxd cus gq, gSaA

;w¡ rks cq¼ ds n'kZu esa Kkuehekalk vkSj rÙoehekalk ls tqM+s os lkjs igyw ekStwn gSa tks

&MkW- fodkl fnO;dhfrZ

,fFkDl laca/kh ys[k

egkRek cq¼ ds uSfrd fopkj

fdlh O;ofLFkr n'kZu esa gksrs gSa_ fdarq vHkh gekjk mís'; fliZQ ;g ns[kuk gS fd uSfrdrk ds lacaèk esa muds D;k fopkj FksA lhèks 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks eqík ;g gS fd gesa cq¼ ls D;k lh[kuk pkfg;s vkSj muds fdu fopkjksa dks frfFkcká ;k xyr ekudj u”kjvank”k dj nsuk pkfg;s\

cq¼ uhfr ds ldkjkRed igyw

tgk¡ rd cq¼ ls dqN lh[kus dh ckr gS] mudk lcls egÙoiw.kZ fopkj gS& ^vkRe nhiks Hko* ;kuh ^vius nhid Lo;a cuks*A bldk vFkZ gS fd O;fDr dks vius thou dk mís'; ;k fdlh uSfrd&vuSfrd iz'u dk iSQlyk Lo;a djuk pkfg;s] fdlh nwljs dk eq¡g ugha rkduk pkfg;sA ;g fopkj blfy;s egÙoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd ;g Kku vkSj uSfrdrk ds {ks=k esa ,d NksVs&ls cqf¼thoh oxZ ds ,dkfèkdkj dks pqukSrh nsdj gj O;fDr dks mlesa izfo"V gksus dk volj iznku djrk gSA bl fopkj esa fufgr gS fd cq¼ gj O;fDr dh {kerkvkasa easa fo'okl j[krs gSa vkSj ;gh fo'okl rks fdlh Hkh yksdra=k ds ewy esa gksrk gSA

;g fopkj vkt csgn izklafxd gSA gekjs fo|ky;] tks gj cPps dks Bksd&ihVdj ,d tSlk cuk nsus ds dkj[kkus cu x, gSa] mUgsa ;g le>kuk csgn ”k:jh gS fd gj cPps dk

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cq¼ ds uSfrd n`f"Vdks.k dk nwljk izeq[k fopkj eè;e ekxZ* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA lw{e nk'kZfud Lrj ij rks bldk vFkZ dqN fHkUu gS] fdarq yksd uSfrdrk ds Lrj ij bldk

izklafxdrk

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udkjkRed igywldkjkRed igyw

laiw.kZ thou nq[ke; gS

ukjh vfèkdkjksa ds izfr Li"V i{k ugha

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bgyksdokn ij cy

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laosnu'khyrk dk pje

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if=kdkvksa esa Nis ys[kkas dk lkj izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA izLrqr vkWfM;ks vkfVZdy The Hindiu esa çdkf'kr ys• “More bang for the buck:

On why ISRO should go commercial” vkSj izdkf'kr [kcj "ISRO launches RISAT-2BR1, nine other satellites successfully" dk lkj gSA

blesa Vhe n`f"V ds buiqV~l Hkh 'kkfey gSaA)

bljks dk lQjuezrk flag

vkWfM;ks ys[k

gky gh esa ISRO us Sriharikota space launch center ls RISAT-2BR1 mixzg dks vU; ukS mixzgksa ds lkFk liQyrkiwoZd ç{ksfir fd;kA ;g mixzg ns'k dk Radar Imaging Earth Observation satellite gSA blls Bhd igys ISRO us vesfjdk ds 13 NksVs mixzgksa ds lkFk CARTOSAT-3 ç{ksfir fd;k FkkA ;s nksuksa gh miyfCèk;k¡ Hkkjr ds fy;s çkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa ehy dk iRFkj ekuh tk jgh gSaA bljks }kjk fur u, çfrekuksa dks LFkkfir djuk vkSj okf.kfT;d xfrfofèk;ksa esa csgrjhu çn'kZu djuk ljkguk dh ckr gS] lkFk gh vkykspuk dk fo"k; Hkh curk jgrk gSA ,sls esa ”k:jh gS fd bljks ds liQj vkSj mldh reke miyfCèk;ksa ij ppkZ dh tk,A

bljks dk vc rd dk lQj

bljks us viuh LFkkiuk ds le; ls gh varfj{k vuqlaèkku dh fn'kk esa csgrjhu dke djds ns'k dk xkSjo c<+k;k gSA lkFk gh ns'k ds fodkl esa Hkh vge ;ksxnku fn;k gSA 21 uoacj] 1963 dks dsjy esa fr#ouariqje ds djhc FkqEck esa igys jkWdsV ds ykWUp ds lkFk Hkkjr dk varfj{k dk;ZØe 'kq: gqvkA ;g jkspd ckr gS fd ml jkWdsV dks ykWUp iSM rd ,d lkbfdy ls ys tk;k x;k Fkk vkSj mls ,d ppZ ls ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA FkksM+s le; ckn gh nwljk jkWdsV ykWUp fd;k x;k ftls cSyxkM+h ij ys tk;k x;k FkkA njvly bu ykWfUpax ds ckn bljks dk xBu gqvk tks fd ,d inlksikuh çfØ;k FkhA 1965 esa Space Science and Technology dh LFkkiuk FkqEck esa dh xbZ] fiQj 15 vxLr] 1969 dks Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ vkSj vkf•j esa 1975 esa

bljks dks iwjh rjg ljdkjh laxBu cuk fn;k x;kA blds rqjar ckn gh ns'k dk igyk mixzg] vk;ZHkV~V ç{ksfir fd;k x;kA bljks us viuh LFkkiuk ls ysdj vc rd jk"Vª dks ekSle iwokZuqeku] lapkj] çlkj.k vkfn çnku djus ds fy;s vyx&vyx fe'kuksa ij dke fd;k gS vkSj muds fodkl ds fy;s izkS|ksfxdh fodflr dh gSA lcls igys bljks us Satellite Launch Vehicle fodflr fd;k] ysfdu mixzgksa ds fodflr gksus ds lkFk gh bldh mi;ksfxrk de gksus yx xbZA ,sls esa PSLV ;kuh Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle ,d fo'oluh; okgd ds :i esa fodflr gksdj mHkjkA viuh lLrh ykxr vkSj Hkjkslsean gksus ds dkj.k ;g nqfu;k ds vU; ns'kksa dk Hkh ilanhnk mixzg okgd cu x;kA blh dkj.k bls bljks dk odZ gkWlZ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

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GSLV ekdZ 2 vkSj 3 blh Üka`•yk dk fgLlk gSaA HkkLdj] bulSV] dkVkZslSV] jhlSV] eaxy;ku] paæ;ku] ,MqlSV] fjlkslZlSV] ukfod

vkfn reke mixzgksa ds liQy ç{ksi.k us Hkkjr dks vkèkqfud rduhdksa ls ySl jk"Vª cuus esa •klk lgk;rk dh gSA og pkgs Ñf"k dk {ks=k gks] •uu dk] m|ksx dk] f'k{kk ;k LokLF; dk {ks=k gks Hkkjr vkt vkèkqfud rduhdksa dh cnkSyr gj {ks=k esa vkRefuHkZj vkSj l{ke gksrk tk jgk gSA

bljks vkSj nqfu;k

dh nwljh varfj{k ,tsafl;k¡

vxj ge nqfu;k ds vU; ns'kksa dh varfj{k ,tsafl;ksa ls Hkkjrh; varfj{k ,tsalh bljks dh rqyuk dh djsa rks cgqr jkspd ckrsa fudydj lkeus vkrh gSaA njvly Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBu ;kuh bljks vesfjdk] :l] Úk¡l] fczVsu vkfn ns'kksa ds varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBuksa ds cgqr ckn esa xfBr gqvk gSA ysfdu] 1960 ds n'kd ls ysdj vc rd bljks dh tks o`f¼ nj jgh gS og vU; ns'kksa ds varfj{k laxBuksa dh rqyuk esa de ugha gSA blh çdkj bu ns'kksa ds fdlh fe'ku ij yxus okyh ykxr ;k ctV ds chp Hkh rqyuk djsa rks bljks dk iyM+k ckdh ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjh jgrk gSA bls mnkgj.k ds :i esa le>sa rks bl ckr dk lcls csgrjhu mnkgj.k gS eaxy;ku fe'ku ij gksus okys •pZA ge tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr eaxy xzg ij viuk fe'ku Hkstus okyk fo'o dk pkSFkk ns'k FkkA ysfdu ge nqfu;k esa igys ç;kl esa gh ;g dke;kch gkfly djus okys igys ns'k gSaA lkFk gh] bljks }kjk bl vfHk;ku ij fd;k tkus okyk ekSfæd •pZ NASA }kjk •pZ dh xbZ jkf'k dk eg”k 10ok¡ fgLlk gSA blh rjg pkgs ckr paæ;ku fe'ku dh gks ;k ,LVªkslSV tSls fofHkUu vfHk;kuksa dh] buesa yxus okyk •pZ vU; ns'kksa ds eqdkcys ges'kk gh de jgk gSA

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�� lafoèkku dk vuqPNsn&131 loksZPp U;k;ky; dh ewy@vkjafHkd vfèkdkfjrk ls lacafèkr gSAbldsrgrloksZPpU;k;ky;Hkkjrdsla?kh;<k¡psdksysdjfofHkUubdkb;ksadseè;gksusokysfooknksadhlquokbZdjrkgSA�� vuqPNsn 131 ds micaèkksa esa fuEufyf[kr izdkj ds fooknksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS&�� dsanz ljdkj vkSj ,d ;k vfèkd jkT;ksa ds chp ;k_�� ,d vksj dsanz ljdkj vkSj ,d jkT; ;k dbZ jkT; vkSj nwljh vksj ,d ;k vfèkd jkT;ksa ds chp ;k_

�� nks ;k vfèkd jkT;ksa ds chp�� mYys[kuh;gSfdmi;qZDr fookn loksZPp U;k;ky; dk ^fo'ks"k ewy U;k;{ks=k* (Extraordinary Original Jurisdiction) gSA;gk¡fo'ks"kdkrkRi;Z;ggS fdbuekeyksadk fuiVkjk fdlhvU;U;k;ky;}kjkughafd;ktkldrkgSA

vuqPNsn 131 ds rgr ;ksX; ekeys

�� vuqPNsn131dsrgrvkusokysekeysesa;kfpddÙkkZvkSjizfri{khdslkFk&lkFkekeysdhizo`QfrHkhdkiQhvgegksrhgSA�� vuqPNsn 131 ds rgr jkT; ljdkj vkSj dsanz ljdkj ds eè; mu fooknksa dh lquokbZ dh tk ldrh gS ftuesa dkuwu ;k rF; dk iz'u fufgr gks vkSj ftu ij jkT; ;k dsanz ds dkuwuh vfèkdkj dk vfLrRo fuHkZj djrk gSA�� mYys[kuh;gSfdlafoèkkudhblèkkjkdkmi;ksxfofHkUunyksaokyhdsanzvkSjjkT;ljdkjksadschpjktuhfrdfooknksadschpfuiVkjsdsfy;sughafd;ktkldrkgSA�� vr%dsanzvkSjjkT;@jkT;ksadseè;dk;Zdkjh'kfDr;ksadsfuoZgudsekeysesavuqPNsn131dkslanfHkZrughafd;ktkldrkgSAo"kZ2016esadsanzljdkjvkSjjk"Vªh;jktèkkuh{ks=kfnYyhdschpfookndsekeysesalquokbZdjusijvlgefrtrkbZFkhA�� blrjgvuqPNsn 131 ds rgr ntZ gksus okys ekeys esa laoSèkkfud lacaèk ds lanHkZ ds lkFk dkuwuh vfèkdkj dk iz'u Hkh fufgr gksuk pkfg;sA

vuqPNsn 131 ls lacafèkr ekeys

�� vkjafHkd@ewyvfèkdkfjrkdksysdjigykekeyko"kZ1961esaif'pe caxky cuke Hkkjr la?kdkFkk ftlesaif'pecaxkyljdkjuslaln}kjkikfjrdks;yk[knku{ks=k(vfèkxzg.k,oafodkl)vfèkfu;e]1957dksU;k;ky;esapqukSrhnhFkhA�� o"kZ1978esadukZVd jkT; cuke Hkkjr la?k ekeysesaU;k;ewfrZih-,u- Hkxorh us fu.kZ; fn;k Fkk fd jkT;dks ;g fn[kkus dhvko';drkughagSfdmldsdkuwuhvfèkdkjdkmYya?kufd;kx;kgSysfdublesadkuwuhlokyekStwngksuspkfg;sA�� iwoZdsekeysesa;gdgkx;kFkkfdvuqPNsn131}kjkdkuwudhlaoSèkkkfudrkdhtk¡pdhtkldrhgSysfduo"kZ 2011 esa eè; izns'k jkT; cuke Hkkjr la?k ekeys esaU;k;ky;dkfu.kZ;bllsbrjFkkAgkyk¡fd;gekeykHkhU;k;ky;dsrhuttksaokyhihB(ftlesaU;k;ewfrZ,u-ohje.kk]latho[kUukvkSjo`Q".keqjkjh'kkfeygSa)dsle{kyafcrgSA�� o"kZ2012dk>kj[kaM jkT; cuke fcgkj jkT;dkogekeykftlesa vfoHkkftr fcgkj jkT; esa viuh jks”kxkjvofèkds fy;s>kj[kaMdsdeZpkfj;ksadksisa'kudkHkqxrkudjusdsfy;sfcgkjdsnkf;Rodkeqík'kkfeygSA;gekeykHkhU;k;ky;dhcM+hihBdhlquokbZdsfy;syafcrgSA

dsjy ljdkj dk rdZ

ukxfjdrk la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ds vuqikyu gsrq vuqPNsn 256 ds rgr ckè;rk ds pyrs yksxksa ds ekSfyd] lkafofèkd] laoSèkkfud vkSj dkuwuh vfèkdkjksa ds lkFk ,d jkT; ds :i esa dsjy ds le{k dkuwuh vfèkdkjksa ds izorZu lacaèkh eqís mifLFkr gksaxsA

dsanz dh vuqPNsn 131 ds iz;ksx dh 'kfDr

�� dsanzljdkjdsikl;glqfuf'prdjusds fy;s fdmlds}kjkcuk,x,dkuwuykxwfd;stk,¡]i;kZIr'kfDr;k¡ekStwngSaA�� laln }kjk cuk, x, dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus ds fy;s dsanz ljdkj jkT; dks funsZ'k tkjh dj ldrh gSA ;fn jkT; ljdkjsa dsanz }kjk tkjh funsZ'kksa dk ikyu ugha djrh gSa rks dsanz ljdkj jkT;kas dks dkuwu ds vuqikyu gsrq ckè; djus ds fy;s muds fo#¼ LFkk;h fu"ksèkkKk gsrq U;k;ky; ds le{k tk ldrh gSA�� blrjgU;k;ky;dsvkns'kksadkikyuudjusijU;k;ky;dhvoekuukgksldrhgSvkSjbldsfy;sU;k;ky;}kjkf”kEesnkjjkT;ksadseq[;lfpoksadksnks"khBgjk;ktkldrkgSA�� blds vfrfjDr vuqPNsn 256 ds rgr Hkh la?k dh dk;Zikfydk 'kfDr dk foLrkj fdlh jkT; dks ,sls funs'k nsus rd gS ftUgsa Hkkjr ljdkj fdlh iz;kstu ds fy;s vko';d le>rh gSA

laoS/kkfud@ iz'kklfud ?kVukØe2

djsaV vQs;lZ

lajpukRed lqèkkjksa dh vko';drk

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

gkyghesala;qÙkQjk"Vª}kjkçdkf'kroYMZ bdksukWfed flpq,'ku ,aM çkWLisDV~l (WESP)fjiksVZesacrk;kx;kgSfdorZeku esa vkfFkZd eanh dk lkeuk dj jgh Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh lao`f¼ nj esa c<+ksÙkjhdsfy;sfujarj lajpukRed lqèkkjksa dhvko';drkgSAfjiksVZdsvuqlkjWESP}kjkthMhihdkiwokZuqekudjrsle;Hkkjrdsjk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;(National Statistical Office-NSO)}kjktkjhuohure vk¡dM+ksa dks'kkfeyughafd;kx;kgSA

çeq• fcanq

�� oYMZbdksukWfedflpq,'ku,aMçkWLisDV~l(WESP)fjiksVZ&2020usHkkjrdsfy;sthMhih lao`f¼ dk vuqeku dedjfn;kgS]ijarq;gmEehnHkhtrkbZgSfdjktdks"kh;çksRlkguvkSjfoÙkh;{ks=kesalqèkkjdsla;kstulsmiHkksxdksc<+koknsusesaennfeysxhA

�� o"kZ2018ds6.8çfr'krdslkis{ko"kZ2019esa5.7çfr'krdhnjlsvFkZO;oLFkkesarhozfxjkoVusHkkjrdhekSfæduhfrdsiwjdds:iesajktdks"kh;foLrkjdhvko';drkdksbafxrfd;kgSA

�� jktdks"kh; çksRlkgu vkSj foÙkh; {ks=k esa lqèkkj ds la;kstu]fuos'k ,oa miHkksx dks c<+koknsdjthMhihesa6-6 çfr'kr dh lao`f¼ nj gkflydhtkldrhgSA

�� Hkkjrdko`gnvkfFkZdcqfu;knh<k¡pkiwoZdhHkka¡fre”kcwrgSvkSjblesavxysfoÙko"kZrdlqèkkjdhmEehngSA

�� çR;sd ik¡p ns'kksa esa ls,dns'kesabl o"kZ çfr O;fÙkQ vk; esa deh ;k fxjkoVgksxh]ysfduHkkjrdks,slsns'kksaesalwphc¼fd;kx;kgStgk¡o"kZ 2020 esa çfr O;fÙkQ thMhih lao`f¼ nj 4 çfr'kr ds Lrj ls vfèkdgksusdhlaHkkoukgSA

�� oSf'odvkfFkZdxfrfofèk;ksaesayacsle;rdtkjhfxjkoVlrr~fodkly{;ksadhçkfIrdhfn'kkesackèkdculdrhgS]ftlesaxjhchmUewyuvkSjlHkhdsfy;sjks”kxkjdsvoljksadkl`tudjustSlsy{;Hkh'kkfeygSaA

�� iwohZ ,f'k;knqfu;k dk lcls rs”kh ls c<+rk {ks=kgSvkSjoSf'odfodklesalclscM+k;ksxnkudÙkkZgSA

�� o"kZ 2020esaczk”khy] Hkkjr] eSfDldks] :lh la?k vkSj rqdhZ lfgr vU;cM+hmHkjrhvFkZO;oLFkkokysns'kksadhlao`f¼ nj esa c<+ksrjh gksusdhmEehngSA

�� xjhch mUewyu dk y{; vlekurk dh lekfIr dh fn'kkesamBk,x,mik;ksaijfuHkZjdjsxkA

oYMZbdksukWfedflpq,'ku,aMçkWLisDV~lfjiksVZla;qDrjk"VªdsvkfFkZd,oalkekftddk;ZfoHkkx}kjktkjhdhtkrhgSA

foÙkh; fLFkjrk fjiksVZ] 2019

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

27fnlacj]2019dksHkkjrh;fj”koZcSadus foÙkh; fLFkjrk fjiksVZ (Financial Stability Report-FSR) dk20ok¡ vadtkjhfd;kAfoÙkh;fLFkjrkfjiksVZ(FSR),dv¼Zokf"kZd çdk'kugStksHkkjr dh foÙkh; ç.kkyh dh fLFkjrk dk lexz ewY;kaduçLrqrdjrhgSA

ç.kkyhxr tksf•eksa dk lexz ewY;kadu (Overall Assessment of Systemic Risks)

de”kksj ?kjsyw fodkl ds ckotwnHkkjr dh foÙkh; ç.kkyh fLFkjcuhgqbZgSAljdkj}kjklkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSadksa (PSBs) ds iquiw±thdj.k(Recapitalisation)dsckncSafdax {ks=k esa yphykiuvk;kgSAgkyk¡fdoSf'od@?kjsywvkfFkZdvfuf'prrkvksavkSj Hkw&jktuhfrd ?kVukØeksalsmRiUugksusokystksf•e cus gq,gSaA

oSf'od vkSj ?kjsyw lef"V&foÙkh; tksf•e (Global and Domestic Macro-Financial Risks)

�� oSf'odvFkZO;oLFkkesadbZ vfuf'prrkvksa tSlsczsfD”kVle>kSrsesansjh]O;kikjruko],dvklUueanhdhHkkouk]rsy&ck”kkjesaO;oèkkuvkSjHkw&jktuhfrdtksf•eksadsdkj.koSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk easeanhns•hxbZA

�� ?kjsyw vFkZO;oLFkkdslacaèkesafoÙkh;o"kZ2019-20dhnwljhfrekghesaldy ekax esa vkbZ dehdsdkj.kesalaof¼ esa fxjkoV ns[khxbZtcfdiwath varokZgdhlaHkkouk,¡ ldkjkRed cuhgqbZgSAHkkjrdsfu;kZrdksfujarjoSf'odeanhdhfLFkfresaçfrdwyifjfLFkfr;ksadklkeukdjukiM+ldrkgS]ysfduÅtkZewY;dsde”kksjjgusdsdkj.kpkyw•krk?kkVsdsfu;a=k.kesajgusdhlaHkkoukgSA

foÙkh; laLFkk,¡% dk;Z fu"iknu vkSj tksf•e (Financial Institutions : Performance and Risks)

�� vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa (Scheduled Commercial Banks-SCBs) dh½.k o`f¼ nj 8.7 çfr'krjgh]gkyk¡fdfuth {ks=k ds cSadksa (Private Sector Banks-PVBs)us16.5 çfr'kr dh ½.k o`f¼ nj ntZdhA

�� ljdkj}kjklkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSadksa (Public Sector Banks-PSBs) dsiquiw±thdj.k ds ckn SCBs ds iwath i;kZIrrk vuqikr esa dkiQh

vkfFkZd ?kVukØe3

la?kh; ctV 2020-21

la?kh; ctV 2020-21ctV 2020-21

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

1iQjojh]2020dksfoÙkea=khfueZyklhrkje.kusfoÙko"kZ2020-21dkctVis'kfd;ktksvcrddklclsyackctVHkk"k.kFkkAblctVdky{;yksxksadksjks”kxkjmiyCèkdjkuk]dkjksckje”kwcrdjukvkSjvYila[;dksa]vuqlwfprtkfr@tutkfrdhlHkhefgykvksadhvkdka{kkvksadksiwjkdjukcrk;kx;kA

izeq[k fcanq

�� O;;%dsaæljdkjusfoÙko"kZ2020-21esa` 30.42 yk• djksM+ •pZdjusdkçLrkofd;kgS]tksfdfoÙko"kZ2019-20dsla'kksfèkrvuqekuls12.7çfr'krvfèkdgSA�� çkfIr%foÙkh;o"kZ2020-21dsfy;sdsaæljdkjus 22.46 yk• djksM+dhçkfIrvuqekfurdhgStksfoÙkh;o"kZ2019-20ls16.3çfr'krvfèkdgSA

2020-21 ctV ,d u”kj esa (` djksM+)

okLrfod 2018-19

ctVh; 2019-20

la'kksfèkr 2019-20

ctVh; 2020-21

% ifjorZu (RE 2019-20 to BE 2020-21)

jktLoO;; 20,07,399 24,47,780 23,49,645 26,30,145 11.9%

iwathO;; 3,07,714 3,38,569 3,48,907 4,12,085 18.1%

oqqQy O;; 23,15,113 27,86,349 26,98,552 30,42,230 12.7%

jktLoizkfIr 15,52,916 19,62,761 18,50,101 20,20,926 9.2%

iwathizkfIr 1,12,779 1,19,828 81,605 2,24,967 175.7%

ftuesa ls%

½.kksadholwyh 18,052 14,828 16,605 14,967 -9.9%

vU;izkfIr;k¡(fofuos'klfgr)

94,727 1,05,000 65,000 2,10,000 223.1%

oqQy izkfIr;k¡ (mèkkj NksM+dj)

16,65,695 20,82,589 19,31,706 22,45,893 16.3%

jktLo?kkVk 4,54,483 4,85,019 4,99,544 6,09,219 22.0%

GDP dk % 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.7

jktdks"kh;?kkVk 6,49,418 7,03,760 7,66,846 7,96,337 3.8%

GDP dk % 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.5

izkFkfed?kkVk 66,770 43,289 1,41,741 88,134 -37.8%

GDP dk % 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.4

ctV vuqeku (BE)%izR;sdfoÙkh;o"kZdh'kqjQvkresa?kksf"krctVvkoaVuAla'kksfèkr vuqeku (RE)%foÙkh;o"kZdhlekfIrrdizkfIr;ksa,oaO;;dhis'kdhxbZek=kkdkvuqekuA

lzksr% la?kh; ctV 2020-21 (foÙk ea=kky;)

�� GDP o`f¼%dsaæljdkjusfoÙko"kZ2020-21esalkadsfrdGDPesa10 çfr'kr dh o`f¼ njvuqekfurdhgSA�� ?kkVk%vkxkeh foÙk o"kZds fy;s jktLo?kkVkdqy GDP dk 2.7 çfr'krfuèkkZfjrfd;kx;kgS]tksfdfoÙko"kZ2019-20esa 2.4 çfr'kr ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku lsvfèkdgSAjktdks"kh; ?kkVkdqyGDPdk3.5 çfr'krfuèkkZfjrfd;kx;kgS]tksfdfoÙko"kZ2019-20esa3.8çfr'krdsla'kksfèkrvuqekulsdegSA

dj laca/h çko/ku

çR;{k dj

�� vk;dj%dsaæljdkjusvk;djnkrkvksadksjkgrçnkudjusrFkkvk;dj lacaèkh dkuwuksa dks ljy cukusdsmís';ls,d ubZ vkSj ljyhÑr vk;dj O;oLFkkLFkkfirdjusdkçLrkofd;kgS]ftlesamuO;fDrxrdjnkrkvksads fy;svk;djnjksadksdefd;k tk,xk] tks fuèkkZfjrdVkSfr;ksa vkSjNwVksa dk R;kxdjsaxsA è;krO; gS fd ubZO;oLFkkoSdfYidgksxhvFkkZr~djnkrkvksadksiqjkuhO;oLFkkvkSjubZO;oLFkkdseè;pqukodkfodYifn;ktk,xkA

vk;dj LySc (`)

ekStwnk njsa (%)

ubZ njsa (%)

0 ls 2.5 yk• NwV NwV

2.5 ls 5 yk• 5 NwV

5 ls 7.5 yk• 20 10

7.5 ls 10 yk• 20 15

10 ls 12.5 yk• 30 20

12.5 ls 15 yk• 30 25

15 yk• ls Åij 30 30

�� ykHkka'k forj.k dj (DDT):orZekuesadaifu;ksadksvius'ks;jèkkjdksadksfn;sx,ykHkka'kijykxwvfèkHkkjvkSjmidjlfgr15 çfr'krlsvfèkdykHkka'kforj.kdjnsukiM+rkgS]tksfddaiuh}kjkviusykHkksa

djsaV vQs;lZ

vrajkZ"Vªh; ?kVukØe

'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu ds vkB vk'p;Z

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

vkBns'kksadsvarjkZ"Vªh;laxBu^'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu* (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation-SCO)us^LVSP;w vkWiQ ;wfuVh*(Statue of Unity)dksSCO ds vkBosa vk'p;Z ds:iesa'kkfey fd;kgSA

eq[; fcanq

�� uoacj2019esaLVSP;wvkWiQ;wfuVhusvesfjdkdh133lkyiqjkuhLVSP;wvkWiQfycVhZ(Statue of Liberty)dks i;ZVdksa dh vkoktkgh ds ekeys esa ihNs NksM+ fn;kD;ksafdxqtjkresavkusokysi;ZVdksa

dhla[;kblnkSjku15000lsvfèkdgksxbZA

�� SCO}kjkmBk,x,bldnelsbldslnL;jk"Vªksadschpi;ZVu dks c<+kok feysxk ftllsHkkjr dk fodkl gksxkD;ksafdi;ZVu

jk"Vªh;fodkldkeq[;okgdgksrkgSA

LVSP;w vkWiQ ;wfuVh

�� ^LVSP;wvkWiQ;wfuVh*182ehVjÅ¡phljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsydh

çfrekgStksxqtjkrdsueZnkf”kysesaljnkjljksojck¡èkdsikl

jktihiyk esa lkèkqcsV uked unh }hi ijfLFkrgSA

�� ^LVSP;wvkWiQ;wfuVh*phudsfLçaxVsaiyesafLFkr153ehVjÅ¡phçfrek(vcrdfo'odhlclsÅ¡phçfrekdkntkZçkIrFkk)

lsHkhÅ¡phgSvkSjU;w;kWdZdhLVSP;wvkWiQfycVhZ(93eh-)dh

Å¡pkbZlsdjhcnksxquhgSA

SCO ds vkB vk'p;Z

�� Hkkjr%LVSP;w vkWiQ ;wfuVh

�� d”kk•Lrku%rexyh ds iqjkrkfÙod ifjn';(The Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly)

�� fdfxZ”kLrku%blhd&dqy >hy(Lake Issyk-Kul)

�� phu%Msfeax iSysl(Daming Palace)

�� ikfdLrku%eqxy fojklr] ykgkSj(Mughals Heritage)

�� :l%n xksYMu fjax vkWiQ flVh”k(The Golden Ring of Cities)

�� rkftfdLrku%n iSysl vkWiQ ukSjks”k (The Palace of Nowruz)

�� m”csfdLrku%n iksbZ dkyksu dkWEIysDl(The Poi Kalon complex)

jk;lhuk Mk;ykWx% ,d cgqi{kh; lEesyu

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

14-16tuojh]2020dseè;jk;lhuk Mk;ykWx ds ik¡posa laLdj.k

dkvk;kstuubZ fnYyhesafd;kx;kAfons'k ea=kky;vkSjvkWC”koZj

fjlpZ iQkmaMs'kudhvksjlsvk;ksftrblrhufnolh;lEesyuesa

100ns'kksads700ls”;knkvarjkZ"Vªh;fo'ks"kK'kkfeygq,A

çeq• fcanq

�� jk;lhukMk;ykWx2020dhFkhe&^usfoxsfVax n vYiQk lsapqjh*

(Navigating the Alpha Century)FkhA

�� oSf'od :i ls çfrf"Br dwVuhfrd laokn dk;ZØe jk;lhuk

Mk;ykWxdsmn~?kkVul=kesaçèkkuea=khujsaæeksnhlfgrviQxkfuLrku]

U;w”khySaM]dukMk]LohMu]MsuekdZ]HkwVkuvkSjnf{k.kdksfj;kdsiwoZ

jk"Vªçeq•usfo'odhekStwnkpqukSfr;ksaijfopkjlk>kfd;sA

�� blo"kZ:l]bZjku]MsuekdZ]gaxjh]ekynho]nf{k.kvÚhdkvkSj

,LVksfu;klfgr12ns'kksadsfons'keaf=k;ksausblesafgLlkfy;ktks

oSf'oddwVuhfrdiVyijHkkjrdhc<+rhlk•dksçnf'kZrdjrk

gSAbldsvfrfjDr'ka?kkbZlg;ksxlaxBuvkSjla;qDrjk"Vªla?kds

egklfpoHkhbllEesyuesa'kkfeygq,A

�� bl lEesyu esa oS'ohdj.k ls tqM+h pqukSfr;ksa] ,tsaMk 2030,

vkèkqfud fo'o esa çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk]tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj

vkradokn dk eqdkcyktSlseqísçeq•jgsA

jk;lhuk Mk;ykWx

�� jk;lhukMk;ykWxdh'kqjQvkro"kZ2016esadhxbZFkhftldkeq[;mís';,f'k;kbZ ,dhdj.kdslkFk&lkFk'ks"kfo'odslkFk,f'k;kdscsgrjleUo;gsrqlaHkkoukvksa,oavoljksadhryk'kdjukgSA

�� ;gHkw&jktuhfrd ,oa Hkw&vkfFkZd eqíksa ij ppkZdjusgsrq,dokf"kZd lEesyugSftldkvk;kstuHkkjr ds fons'k ea=kky;vkSjvkWC”koZj fjlpZ iQkmaMs'ku(Observer Research Foundation- ORF)}kjkla;qDr :ilsfd;ktkrkgSA

�� jk;lhukMk;ykWx,dcgqi{kh; lEesyu gStksoSf'odleqnk;dslkeusvkusokyspqukSrhiw.kZeqíksadkslacksfèkrdjusdsfy;sçfrc¼gSA

�� Hkkjrdsfons'kea=kky;dkeq[;ky;jk;lhuk igkM+h(lkmFkCykWd)]ubZfnYyhesafLFkrgS]blfy;sblsjk;lhukMk;ykWxdsukelstkuktkrkgSA

varjkZ"Vªh; laca/k4

djsaV vQs;lZ

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bafM;u MsVk fjys lSVsykbV flLVe

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

bljksvarfj{kesa,d,slh ubZ mixzg ç.kkyhHkstusdh;kstukcukjgkgStksHkfo";dsvarfj{k dk;ZØeksa ds nkSjku varfj{k vkSj bljks ds eè; csgrj laidZLFkkfirdjusesalgk;dgksxhA

çeq• fcanq

�� bafM;u MsVk fjys lSVsykbV flLVe(IDRSS)ukednks mixzgksa okyh blç.kkyh dk mís';bljksdksvarfj{kesamixzgksalslaidZLFkkfirdjusesalgk;rkçnkudjukgSA

�� 2000fdxzk-HkkjoxZdsnksmixzgksadhblç.kkyhdksGSLV ç{ksid }kjkiFohdhHkw&fLFkj d{kk(Geostationary Orbit-GEO)esayxHkx36000dhfdeh-Å¡pkbZijLFkkfirfd;ktk,xkAmYys•uh;gSfdigys mixzg dks o"kZ 2020 ds varrdrFkknwljs dks o"kZ 2021 esa varfj{kesaHkstusdh;kstukgSA

�� Hkw&fLFkjd{kkesafLFkr,dmixzgèkjrhds,d&frgkbZ(1/3){ks=kdhfuxjkuhdjusesal{kegksrkgSfdarq;fnbld{kkesarhumixzgLFkkfirdjfn;stk,¡rksosèkjrhds100%{ks=kdhfuxjkuhdjusesal{kegksaxsA

vko';drk

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foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh5yhtkrhgSAblç.kkyhdsrgr24?kaVksaesafdlhHkhmixzglsvusdç;klksadsckndbZ VqdM+ksa (Discontinuous Fragments) esa vkSlru 10-15 feuV gh laidZgksikrkgS]tcfd IDRSS}kjkbumixzgksals24?kaVsyxkrkjlaidZLFkkfirfd;ktkldsxkA

�� ;gç.kkyhbljksdksvarfj{kç{ksi.kksadhfuxjkuhdjusesaenndslkFkghHkfo"; dh ;kstukvksa dks ubZ 'kfDr çnku djsxhA

�� blç.kkyh}kjkfuEu Hkw&d{kk ds dk;ZØeksatSls&LislMkWfdax(Space Docking)]LislLVs'kurFkkvU;cM+svfHk;kuksatSls&paæ;ku]eaxyfe'kuvkfnesalgk;rkçkIrgksxhA

�� ekuofe'kudsnkSjkutcvarfj{k;kui`Fohdhd{kkesa400fdeh-dhnwjhijpDdjyxkrkgSrksvarfj{k;ku ds fy;s gj le; i`Foh ij fdlh fu;a=k.k dsaæ ds laidZ esa jguk vfuok;Z gksrk gSA ,sls esa IDRSS ds vHkko esa gesa dbZ varfj{k dsaæ cukus iM+saxs ;kegÙoiw.kZlwpukvksadsfy;svU;ns'kksaijfuHkZjjgukiM+sxkA

�� blç.kkyh dk igyk ykHk o"kZ 2022 ds xxu;ku vfHk;ku ds nkSjku feysxk]ijarqbljksdsvuqlkj]blç.kkyhdksxxu;kuvfHk;kulsigysç;ksxgsrqiw.kZ:ilslfØ;djusdh;kstukgSA

vU; ns'k

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�� :l us bl rduhdh dk mi;ksxviusvarfj{kLVs'kuehj (MIR) dhfuxjkuhvkSjlaidZcuk,j•usrFkkvU;varfj{kdk;ZØeksadsfy;sfd;kFkkA

ehj (MIR)

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�� vesfjdk us blrduhdhdhlgk;rklsghvarjkZ"Vªh; varfj{k LVs'ku o gCcy Lisl VsyhLdksitSlsvfHk;kuksaesa liQyrkikbZA

�� orZekuesavesfjdkrhljhih<+hdsVªSfdax,aMMsVkfjyslSVsykbV(TDRS)rS;kjdjjgkgS]tcfd:ldsikllSVsykbVMsVkfjysusVodZ(SDRN)ukedç.kkyhgSA

�� ;wjksi Hkh bl {ks=k esa vkRefuHkZjrk ds fy;s ;wjksfi;u MsVk fjysflLVefufeZrdjjgkgSrFkkorZekuesaphuviuhnwljhih<+hdhfVvkufyvku&IIlhfj”kijdkedjjgkgSA

djsaV vQs;lZ

Hkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ&2019

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

gkyghesai;kZoj.k] ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky;dsrgrdk;ZjrlaLFkkuHkkjrh;ouloZs{k.k}kjkHkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ&2019 (ISFR 2019) tkjhdhxbZgSA

çeq• fcanq

�� blfjiksVZesaou,oaoulalkèkuksadsvkdyudsfy;sHkkjrh; nwjlaosnh mixzg fjlkslZ lsV&2lsçkIrvk¡dM+ksadkç;ksxfd;kx;kgSA

�� orZekufjiksVZesa ouksa ds çdkj ,oa tSo&fofoèkrk*(Forest Types and Biodiversity)uked,du,vè;k;dkstksM+kx;kgSAbldsvarxZro`{kksadhçtkfr;ksadks16 eq[; oxks± esafoHkkftrdjdsmudk^pSafi;u ,oa lsB oxhZdj.k* (Champion & Seth Classification)dsvkèkkjijvkdyufd;kx;kA

�� o"kZ 1987 lsHkkjrh;oufLFkfrfjiksVZdksf}okf"kZd :i ls Hkkjrh; ou loZs{k.k }kjkçdkf'krfd;ktkrkgSA;gblJs.khdh16oha fjiksVZgSA

pSafi;u ,oa lsB oxhZdj.k

�� gSjh tkWtZ pSafi;u }kjk o"kZ 1936esaHkkjrdhouLifrdklclsyksdfç;,oaekU;oxhZdj.kfd;kx;kFkkAo"kZ 1968 esa pSafi;u ,oa ,l-ds- lsB (S.K Seth)usfeydjLora=kHkkjrdsfy;sblsiqu%çdkf'krfd;kA

�� ;goxhZdj.kikSèkksa dh lajpuk]vkÑfr foKkuvkSjikni Lo:i ijvkèkkfjrgSA

ISFR, 2019 ls lacafèkr çeq• rF;

dqyoukoj.k,oao`{kkoj.k

8,07,276oxZfdeh-(dqyHkkSxksfyd{ks=kiQydk24.56%)

dsoyoukoj.k 7,12,249oxZfdeh-(dqyHkkSxksfyd{ks=kiQydk21.67%)

dsoyo`{kkoj.k 95,027oxZfdeh-(dqyHkkSxksfyd{ks=kiQydk2.89%)

oukoj.kesao`f¼ 3,976oxZfdeh-(0.56%)

o`{kkoj.kesao`f¼ 1,212oxZfdeh-(1.29%)

oukoj.k,oao`{kkoj.kesadqyo`f¼

5,188oxZfdeh-(0.65%)

lokZfèkd oukoj.k çfr'kr okys jkT;

fe”kksje 85.41%

v#.kkpyçns'k 79.63%

es?kky; 76.33%

ef.kiqj 75.46%

uxkySaM 75.31%

lokZfèkd ou {ks=kiQy okys jkT;

eè;çns'k 77,482oxZfdeh-

v#.kkpyçns'k 66,688oxZfdeh-

NÙkhlx<+ 55,611oxZfdeh-

vksfM'kk 51,619oxZfdeh-

egkjk"Vª 50,778oxZfdeh-

ou {ks=kiQy esa o`f¼ okys 'kh"kZ jkT;

dukZVd 1,025oxZfdeh-

vkaèkzçns'k 990oxZfdeh-

dsjy 823oxZfdeh-

tEew&d'ehj(jkT;iquxZBudsiwoZ) 371oxZfdeh-

fgekpyçns'k 334oxZfdeh-

fjiksVZ ls lacafèkr vU; rF;

vfHkfyf•r ou {ks=k

�� vfHkfyf•r ou {ks=k (Recorded Forest Area-RFA),slhHkwfedksdgrsgSa]ftlsfdlhljdkjhvfèkfu;e;kfu;edsrgrouds:iesavfèklwfprfd;kx;kgks;kmlsljdkjhfjdkWMZesa^ou*ds:iesantZfd;kx;kgksAISFR-2019esavkæZHkwfe;ksadksHkhRFAdsvarxZr'kkfeyfd;kx;kgSA�� ISFR-2019dsvuqlkj]HkkjrdsRFA esa 330 oxZ fdeh-;kdqy{ks=kiQyesa0.05%dhekewyhdehvkbZgSA�� HkkjresayxHkx62,466vkæZHkwfe;k¡gSatksns'kdsRFAdsyxHkx

3.83%{ks=kdksdojdjrhgSaA�� Hkkjrh;jkT;ksaesaRFAdsvarxZrlokZfèkdvkæZHkwfe xqtjkr esa gS rFkknwljs LFkku ij if'pe caxkygSA

dkcZu LVkWd

�� orZekuesaHkkjrdsouksadkdqy dkcZu LVkWd (Total Carbon Stock) yxHkx7,124.6fefy;uVuvuqekfurgSAo"kZ2017dhrqyukesablesayxHkx42.6fefy;uVudho`f¼gqbZgSA

i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh6

djsaV vQs;lZ

Hkwxksy

Hkkjr esa phuh mRiknu

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

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mfpr vkSj ykHkçn ewY;

phuhfeysaftlewY;ijfdlkuksalsxUuk•jhnrhgSamlsmfprvkSjykHkçnewY;dgktkrkgSAbldkfuèkkZj.k^Ñf"k ykxr ,oa ewY; vk;ksx* (CACP)dhfliQkfj'kksadsvkèkkjij vkfFkZd ekeyksa dh eaf=keaMyh; lfefr* (CCEA)}kjkfd;ktkrkgSA

�� ck<+lsçHkkforxUusdhiQlyesalqØks”kdhek=kkdegksuslsegkjk"Vªesablo"kZphuhdkvkSlrmRiknuo"kZ2018-19dhrqyukesa10.5% ls?kVdj10%gksx;kA

Hkkjr esa phuh m|ksx

�� Hkkjr]fo'oesaxUukvkSjxUukmRiknksadkvxz.khns'kgSAorZekuesa;gHkkjresalwrh oL=k ds ckn nwljk lcls cM+k Ñf"k vkèkkfjr m|ksxgSA

�� 20oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaHk esaphuhm|ksxdh'kq#vkrmÙkjçns'kvkSjfcgkjesauhy mRikndksa }kjkflaFksfVd MkbZ dsçkjaHkdsdkj.kuhydhekaxesadehvkusdsckndhxbZFkhA

HkkSxksfyd forj.k

�� ns'kesavfèkdka'kphuhmRiknumÙkj çns'k] egkjk"Vª vkSj rfeyukMq jkT; esa gksrk gSAphuhdkmRiknueq[;:ilsmÙkjçns'kdsif'peh{ks=kesaesjB]lgkjuiqj]eq”kÝiQjuxj]fctukSjvkSjeqjknkcknrFkkiwohZmÙkjçns'kesaxksj•iqj]nsofj;k]cLrh,oaxksaMkvkfn{ks=kksaesagksrkgSAbldsvfrfjDrblm|ksxdk ladsæ.k fcgkjdsnjHkaxk]lkj.k]paikj.kvkSjeq”kÝiQjiqjvkfn{ks=kksaesagSA

�� nf{k.kHkkjresaeq[;r%egkjk"Vªesalgdkjh {ks=k ds varxZrphuhfeyksa,oaxUusdh•srhdkçcaèkufd;ktkrkgSAbldsvfrfjDr

dukZVd]rfeyukMqvkSjvkaèkzçns'kesaHkhlhferek=kkesaxUusdh•srhdhtkrhgSA

mÙkj Hkkjr esa phuh m|ksx ds ladsaæ.k ds dkj.k

�� pwuk o iksVkW'klsle`¼mitkÅ tyks<+ feV~VhA

�� flapkbZdsfy;smi;qDrlery HkwfeA

�� blm|ksxdhdks;ys ij de fuHkZjrk]b±èkudsfy;sxUusdh•ksbZdkç;ksxA

�� fudVorhZ{ks=kksaesa;krk;kr lqfoèkkvksa ls tqM+k ck”kkjA

�� lLrs JedhmiyCèkrkA

�� foLr`r {ks=kksaesaxUusdh•srhA

�� nf{k.k Hkkjr esa phuh m|ksx ds fodkl dh laHkkouk,¡%�� mÙkjHkkjrdhvis{kknf{k.kHkkjresamPp mRikndrkA�� nf{k.kHkkjresamRikfnrxUusesalqozQks”k dh vfèkd ek=kkikbZtkrhgSA

�� mÙkjHkkjrdhrqyukesanf{k.kHkkjresaisjkbZ l=k vfèkd yackgksrkgSA

�� mÙkj Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa nf{k.k Hkkjr esa phuh m|ksx dh èkheh çxfr ds dkj.k%�� bl{ks=kesaudnh iQly ds fy;s vfèkd fodYigSa]blfy;sfdlkudikl] ew¡xiQyh] ukfj;y] rackdw bR;kfndsmRiknuesavfèkdjQfpj•rsgSaA

�� egkjk"VªtSlsjkT;ksaesaikuhdhdehdsdkj.kmPp flapkbZ njsaA�� mÙkjHkkjrdhrqyukesanf{k.kHkkjresaxUusdh•srhdefoLr`r{ks=kksaesagksrhgSA

Hkkjr esa phuh m|ksx ls lacafèkr leL;k,¡

�� mfpr ,oa ykHkdkjh ewY;ds fuèkkZj.klslacafèkrleL;kvksadslkFkghfdlkuksadksnhtkusokyhvfrfjDrlgk;rkdksysdjdsaævkSjjkT;ksadseè;leUo; dk vHkkoA�� vfèkdka'kphuhfeyksadhisjkbZ {kerk lhfergSAiqjkuh e'khujh] olwyh dh U;wunj]mRiknu dh mPp ykxrykHkdksdedjnsrsgSaA

�� fcukfdlhfu;a=k.kdsxqM+@•kaMlkjh m|ksx}kjkxUukds,d&frgkbZHkkxdkmi;ksxfd;ktkrkgS]tksphuhfeyksaesaxUusdhdehdkdkj.kcurkgSA

�� xUusdhisjkbZvofèk4&6eghusdhgksrhgSvr%bldhçÑfrekSlehgS]tksJfedksadsfy;sfoÙkh;leL;k,¡mRiUudjrhgSA

Hkkjresablm|ksxijfuHkZj,dcM+htula[;kdksè;kuesaj•rsgq,ljdkj] fdlkuksa vkSj xUuk fey ekfydksa ds eè;leUo;gksuk”k:jhgSA

Hkwxksy ,oa vkink izcaèku7

djsaV vQs;lZ

ekufld fodkj

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

gkygh eas bafM;k LVsV ysoy fM”kh”k cMZu bfuf'k,fVo (India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative) }kjk igyh ckj Hkkjr eas ekufld jksxkas ds fy;s f”kEesnkj dkj.kkas dk ,d O;kid vuqekuykalsVlkbdSVªh(Lancet Psychiatry) esaizdkf'krfd;kx;kA

izeq[k fcanq

�� blfjiksVZdks^n cMZu vkWiQ esaVy fMlvkWMZj vØkWl n LVsV~l vkWiQ bafM;k% n Xykscy cMZu vkWiQ fM”kh”k LVMh1990-2017 (The Mental Disorders Across the States of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2017)ukefn;kx;kgSA

�� ;gfjiksVZHkkjresalHkh izdkj ds ekufld fodkjkas ds izlkj vkSj chekjh ds cks> dk o.kZudjrhgSA

�� bafM;kLVsVysoyfM”kh”kbfuf'k,fVodh'kq#vkr o"kZ 2015 esa LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; ds lg;ksx ls LFkkuh; LokLF; fLFkfr rFkk izo`fÙk;kas eas Kkr egÙoiw.kZ varjky dks nwj djus ds fy;sdhxbZFkhA

�� ;gbfuf'k,fVobafM;udkmaflyvkWiQesfMdyfjlpZ]ifCydgsYFkiQkmaMs'kuvkWiQbafM;k]baLVhV~;wViQkWjgsYFkesfVªDl,aMboSY;w'kuvkSjlaiw.kZHkkjrdsyxHkx100laLFkkukasdsfo'ks"kKksa,oafgrèkkjdkasdschp,dlg;ksxkRediz;klgSA

vè;;u ds fu"d"kZ

�� o"kZ 2017 eas Hkkjr esa dqy 197 fefy;u (yxHkx 14.3%) yksx fofHkUu izdkj ds ekufld fodkjkas ls xzfLkr Fks vFkkZr~ izR;sd 7 esa ls 1 Hkkjrh; blls xzflr FkkAbuesals45.7 fefy;uyksxvolkn (Depression) vkSj44.9 fefy;u fpark (Anxiety) lacaèkhfodkjksalsxzflrFksA

�� o"kZ 2017 esa Hkkjr eas dqy fu%lDrrk lek;ksftr thou o"kZ (Disability Adjusted Life Years-DALYs) esa ekufld fodkjkas dk ;ksxnku 4.7% jgk]tcfdo"kZ1990 esa;g2.5%FkkA

�� fu%lDrrk ihfM+r o"kZ (Years Lived with Disability-YLD) ds lanHkZ esa ns[kk tk, rks ;g ekufld fodkjksa dk izeq[k dkjd jgk gS o"kZ 2017 esa bldk ;ksxnku 14.5% FkkA

�� eq[;:ilso;Ldrk ds nkSjku izdV gksus okys ekufld fodkj vkerkSj ij de fodflr mÙkjh jkT;kas dh rqyuk esa nf{k.kh jkT;kas esa vfèkdns[ksx,A

�� nwljhrjiQeq[;:ilscpiu vkSj fd'kksjkoLFkk eas 'kq: gksus okys ekufld fodkj nf{k.kh jkT;kas dh rqyuk eas mÙkjh jkT;ksa esa vfèkdik,x,A

�� volknxzLr fodkjksa dk lokZfèkd izlkj rfeyukMq esaFkk]bldscknvkaèkzizns'k]rsyaxkukvkSjdsjydkLFkkuvkrkgSA

�� ySafxdvkèkkjijns[kktk,rksdqyDALYseasvolknxzLrfodkjksa,oa[kkuikulaca/ksafodkjkasdk;ksxnkuiq#"kkasdhrqyukesaefgykvkasesadkiQhvfèkdFkk]tcfdvkWfV”e LisDVªe fMlvkMZj ,oa vVsa'ku MsfiQflV@gkbij ,fDVfoVh fMlvkWMZj (ADHD) dk ;ksxnku efgykvksa dh rqyuk eas iq#"kkas eas vfèkdFkkA

ekufld fodkj ds dkj.k

�� nf{k.khjkT;kasesafpark,oavolknlacaèkhfodkjkasdkmPpizlkjvU;dkjdksadslkFkvkèkqfudhdj.k ,oa 'kgjhdj.k ds mPp Lrj lslacafèkrgSaAvolknxzLrrk,oavkRegR;kdschp,dldkjkRedlacaèkgS]mYys[kuh;gSfdmÙkjhjkT;kasdhrqyukeasnf{k.kh jkT;kas esa vkRegR;k ls gksus okyh ekSrkas dh nj vfèkdgSA

�� efgykvkas esa ekufld fodkjkas ds izeq[k dkj.kksa eas ySafxd HksnHkko] fgalk] ;kSu nqO;Zogkj ds lkFk izfrdwy lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd ekunaM 'kkfey gSaA

�� iq#"kkaseasvkWfV”eLisDVªefodkjkasvkSjADHDdsmPpizlkjdsfy;svkuqoaf'kd,oagkeksZuydkjdf”kEesnkjgSaA

�� bulHkhdkjdkasdsvfrfjDrefgykvkas esa [kkuiku lacaèkh fodkjkas dk dkiQh izpyu ns[kk x;k gS tks vkuqoaf'kd vkSj tSfod dkjdksa ds lkFk lks'ky ehfM;k rFkk lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd nckoksa ls tqM+k gSA

DALY ,oa YLD esa varj

�� ,d fodykaxrk lek;ksftr thou o"kZ (DALY) dk rkRi;Z LoLFk thou ds ,d o"kZ dh {kfr gksus ls gSAlaiw.kZtula[;kesaDALYsdk;ksx;k jksxdkcks> (Burden of Disease) orZekuLokLF;fLFkfrvkSj,dvkn'kZLokLF;fLFkfr(tgk¡iwjhvkcknh,dmUurmezrdchekjh,oafu%lDrrklseqDrjgrhgS)dschpdsvarjkydksn'kkZrkgSA

�� fodykaxrk ihfM+r o"kZ (YLD) fdlh O;fDr dh LokLF; fLFkfr (Health Condition) vkSj mlds ifj.kkeLo:i fcrk;s x, thou vofèk dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA

ljdkj }kjk mBk, x, dne

�� lektesaekufldfodkjkasdhxaHkhjrk,oabllsfuiVusgsrqcqfu;knh<k¡psdhvi;kZIrrkdksns[krsgq,ljdkj}kjko"kZ 1982 eas jk"Vªh;

lkekftd eqís8

djsaV vQs;lZ

laLÑr f'kykys•

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo loZs{k.kdhiqjkys•'kk•kusvcrddslcls iqjkus laLÑr f'kykys• dh •kstdhgSAblf'kykys•lslIrekr`dk ds ckjs esa tkudkjhfeyrhgSA

çeq• fcanq

�� xkSjrycgSfd;glaLÑrf'kykys•vkaèkz çns'k ds xqaVwj f”kys ds psczksyw xk¡oesa•kstkx;kgSAblLFkkuijçkÑr Hkk"kk vkSj czkãh fyfiesa,dvU;f'kykys•HkhçkIrgqvkgSftlsigyhlnhlslacafèkrcrk;ktkjgkgSA

�� blf'kykys•esalaLÑrvkSjczkãhfyfidkiz;ksxfd;kx;kgSa]blslkrokgu oa'k ds jktk fot;}kjk207bZlohesatkjhfd;kx;kFkkA

�� jktk fot; lkrokgu oa'k ds 28osa jktkFks]bUgksaus6o"kks±rd'kklufd;kFkkAlkrokguoa'kdk'kklu{ks=keq[;r%egkjk"Vª]vkaèkzçns'kvkSjdukZVdFkkA

�� blf'kykys•esa,deafnj rFkk eaMi ds fuekZ.k ds ckjs esa o.kZu fd;kx;kgSA

�� blvfHkys•esadkfrZd uked O;fDr dks rkEczkis(psczksywxk¡odkçkphuuke)xk¡oesalIrekr`dk eafnj ds ikl çklkn(eafnj)oeaMi cukus dk vkns'kfn;kx;kgSA

�� psczksywlaLÑrf'kykys•lsiwoZb{okdqjktk,gokyparkeqyk(Ehavala Chantamula)}kjkpkSFkhlnhesatkjhukxktZqudksaMk f'kykys• dks nf{k.k Hkkjr esa lcls iqjkuk laLÑr f'kykys• ekuk tkrk FkkA

lIrekr`dk (Saptamatrika)

�� fganwèkeZesalkr nsfo;ksa ds ,d lewg dks lIrekr`dkdgktkrkgS ftlesa czkãh]ekgs'ojh]dkSekjh] oS".koh]okjkgh]pkeq.MkvkSjbaæk.kh'kkfeygSaA

�� lIrekr`dkdhtkudkjhdnacrkezIysV]çkjafHkdpkyqD;rFkkiwohZpkyqD;rkezIysVlsfeyrhgSA

cksTtudksaMk o fyaxykesÙkk ckS¼ LFky

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

vkaèkzçns'kds'kadjeesafLFkrcksTtudksaMk(Bojjannakonda)ukedckS¼LFkyijiRFkjiQsadusdh,diqjkuhçFkkdksjksdusesaç'kkluusliQyrkgkflydhgSA

çeq• fcanq

�� ;gk¡dsxzkeh.k,dçkphu çFkk ds rgr cksTtudksaMk fLFkr ekuo dsisVdsvkdkjdh,dvkÑfr dks jk{kl dk :i ekurs gq,blijiRFkjiQsadrsFksA

�� gkyk¡fd^bafM;u us'kuy VªLV iQkWj vkVZ ,aM dYpjy gsfjVst*(INTACH)dsgLr{ksidscknedjlaØkfrdsckn16tuojhdksduqek fnol(Kanuma day)ijvk;ksftrgksusokyh;gçFkkyxHkxlekIrgkspqdhgSA

cksTtudksaMk rFkk fyaxykesÙkk

�� cksTtudksaMkrFkkfyaxykesÙkkbZlk iwoZ rhljh 'krkCnh esa LFkkfir tqM+ok¡ ckS¼ eBgSaA�� ;sckS¼LFkyckS¼èkeZdhrhu'kk•kvksa(Fksjokn]egk;ku]otz;ku)lslacafèkrgSa&

�� Fksjokn%cq¼dks,df'k{kdds:iesaekU;rkA

�� egk;ku%ckS¼èkeZvfèkdHkfDriw.kZFkkA

�� otz;ku%tgk¡ckS¼ijaijkesara=k,oaxw<+:iesavfèkdfo'oklA

�� ;gLFkyLrwiksa]iRFkjksadksdkVdjcukbZxbZxqiQkvksa]b±V&fufeZrlajpukRed vkÑfr;ksa] çkjafHkd ,sfrgkfld e`nHkkaMksa vkSj igyh 'krkCnh bZ-iw- ds lkrokgu dky ds flDdksa ds fy;s çfl¼gSA

�� ;gk¡fLFkreq[;LrwipV~Vkudksrjk'kdjcuk;kx;kgSvkSjfiQjblsb±Vksals<+dkx;kgSA;gk¡fLFkrigkfM+;ksaesaiRFkjksa ij cq¼ dh Nfo;ksa dks mdsjk x;kgSA

�� ;gk¡fLFkrfyaxykesÙkk esa ,dk'e iRFkj ls fufeZr Lrwiksadksns•ktkldrkgSA

vkd"kZd i;ZVu LFky

�� i;ZVdrhupkSR;xg]vo'ks"keatw"kk(Relic Casket)]LrwivkSjotz;kuewfrZdykdksns•usdsfy;scM+hla[;kesabuckS¼LFkyksaijvkrsgSaA

�� fo'kk•kiÙkueFkksVykdksaMk(Thotlakonda)],fIidksaMk(Appikonda)vkSjckfodksaMk(Bavikonda)tSlsckS¼LFkyksadsfy;sHkhçfl¼gSA

dyk ,oa laLÏfr9

djsaV vQs;lZ

phiQ vkWiQ fMiQsal LVkiQ

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

gkyghesans'kdsigysphiQvkWiQfMiQsalLVkiQ(CDS)dsinijFkylsukçeq• fcfiu jkordhfu;qfDrdhxbZA

i`"BHkwfe

o"kZ2000esadkjfxy leh{kk lfefrdhfjiksVZvkSjo"kZ2001dsea=khlewgdhfjiksVZesal'kL=kcyksads,dhdj.kdhfn'kkesaegÙoiw.kZç;kldhfliQkfj'kdhxbZFkhA,dhdj.kdhfn'kkesaç;klds:iesaCDSdsindh?kks"k.kk15vxLr]2019dksdhxbZFkhA

CDS ls lacafèkr çkoèkku�� CDSdk osru vkSj vfrfjDr lqfoèkk,¡ lsuk çeq•ksa ds in ds leku gksaxhA�� fdlhlsukçeq•dksCDScuk,tkusijvk;qlhekdkfu;eckèkkucus]blfy;sCDS vfèkdre 65 o"kZ dh vk;q rdviusinijjgldsxkAorZekuesalsukçeq•vfèkdre62o"kZ;krhuo"kZdsdk;Zdky(nksuksaesalstksigysgks)rdviusinijjgldrkgSA

�� dsaæljdkjusvk;qdhÅijhlhekdsfuèkkZj.kdsfy;slsuk ds fu;e 1954, ukSlsuk (vuq'kklu vkSj fofoèk çkoèkku) fofu;e 1965, ukSlsuk lekjksg] lsok dh 'krs± vkSj fofoèk fofu;e] 1963 rFkk ok;q lsuk fofu;e] 1964esala'kksèkufd;kgSA

�� CDS]lsokfuo`fÙkdscknfdlhHkhljdkjhindksèkkj.kdjusdkik=kughagksxklkFkghmlslsokfuo`fÙkdsckn 5 o"kks± rd fcuk iwoZ LohÑfr ds fdlh Hkh futh jks”kxkj dh vuqefr ugha gksxhA�� CDSj{kkea=kky;dsrgruoxfBrlSU; ekeyksa ds foHkkx (Department

of Military Affairs-DMA)dslfpods:iesadk;ZdjsxkA j{kkea=kky;dsvarxZrpkjfoHkkxigyslsghdk;ZjrgSa&j{kk foHkkx] j{kk mRiknu foHkkx] HkwriwoZ lSfud dY;k.k foHkkx vkSj DRDOA

�� CDS ds usr`Ro esa DMA fuEufyf•r dk izcaèku djsxk

�� la?kdhl'kL=klsukvFkkZr~lsuk]ukSlsukvkSjok;qlsukA

�� j{kkea=kky;dslefUoreq[;ky;ftuesalsuk]ukSlsuk]ok;qlsukdseq[;ky;'kkfeygSaA

�� pkywfu;eksavkSjçfØ;kvksadsvuqlkjiwathxrçkfIr;ksadksNksM+djlsokvksadsfy;sfof'k"V•jhnA

�� ,dhÑrla;qDr;kstukvksavkSjvko';drkvksadsekè;elslSU;lsokvksadh•jhn]çf'k{k.krFkkLVkWiQdhfu;qfDrdhçfØ;kesaleUo;LFkkfirdjukA

�� lsukvksaesaLons'kfufeZrmidj.kksadsç;ksxdksc<+koknsukA

CDS ds dk;Z

�� CDSlsukdsrhuksavaxksadsekeysesaj{kk ea=kh ds çeq• lSU; lykgdkj ds :i esa dk;Zdjsxk]ysfdubldslkFkghrhuksalsukvksadsizeq[kj{kkea=khdksviuhlsukvksadslacaèkesaijke'kZnsrsjgsaxsA

�� CDSj{kk ea=kh dh vè;{krk okyh j{kk vfèkxzg.k ifj"kn vkSj jk"Vªh; lqj{kk lykgdkj dh vè;{krk okyh j{kk fu;kstu lfefrdklnL;gksxkrFkkijek.kq deku çkfèkdj.k ds lSU; lykgdkj ds :i esa dk;Z djsxkA

�� CDS,dhÑr{kerkfodkl;kstukdsi'pkr~vkxsdsdneds:iesaiapo"khZ;^j{kk iwathxr lkeku vfèkxzg.k ;kstuk*vkSjnkso"khZ;okf"kZd vfèkxzg.k ;kstukvksa dks dk;kZfUordjsxkA

�� viO;;esadehdjdsl'kL=kcyksadhyM+kdw{kerkc<+kusdsfy;srhuksalsukvksadsdkedktesalqèkkjdjsxkA

vko';drk

�� dkjfxy;q¼dsle;ghHkkjrh;lsukvksadseè;,dhdj.kdhleL;klkeusvkbZFkhAbl;q¼dhleh{kklfefrusHkh,dhdj.kdhleL;kdksjs•kafdrfd;kFkkA

�� rhuksalsukvksadseè;blçdkjdkleUo;orZekule;dhxfr'khy lqj{kk rFkk çkWDlh okjtSlhfLFkfr;ksadseísu”kjegÙoiw.kZgSA

�� CDS dsekè;elsvarjkZ"Vªh;lsukvksadslkFkcsgrjleUo;gsrqfu.kZ;ysusesars”khvk,xhAorZekuesafofHkUuns'kksadslkFkHkkjrlSU; le>kSrs ,oa lSU; vH;klksa dkvk;kstudjrkgSA

�� HkkjrdhHkkSxksfydfLFkfrvR;fèkdfofoèkrkokyhgS]bldsvfrfjDr;q¼dsu,izdkjtSls&lkbcj ;q¼vkfndhfLFkfresaHkhlsukvksadschpcsgrjleUo;LFkkfirgksldsxkA

�� lkFkgh;grhuksalsukvksadschp,dlk>kj.kuhfrdslkFk ,dhÑr lSU; vfHk;kudslapkyudksc<+koknsusesadkiQhennxkjlkfcrgksxkA

�� çf'k{k.k]ykWftfLVDl,oaifjpkyuksadslkFk&lkFk•jhndksçkFkfedrknsusesala;qDrj.kuhfrviukusdsfy;slefUorç;kldjuslsns'kykHkkfUorgksxkA

ubZ ,oa mHkjrh lkefjd çkS|ksfxfd;k¡

ppkZ esa D;ksa\

gkyghesaHkkjrh;fons'kea=kky;us5GvkSjÑf=ke cqf¼eÙkk (AI) tSlhubZrduhdksadsdkj.kmRiUulqj{kkpqukSfr;ksalsfuiVusgsrq,du,çHkkx&ubZ ,oa mHkjrh lkefjd çkS|ksfxfd;k¡ (New and Emerging Strategic Technologies-NEST)dhLFkkiukdh?kks"k.kkdhgSA

vkarfjd lqj{kk10

djsaV vQs;lZ

LakoS/kkfud@iz'kklfud ?kVukØe

�� l{ke 2020: dsaæh; isVªksfy;e ea=kh us 16 tuojh] 2020 dks isVªksfy;e laj{k.k vuqlaèkku la?k (Petroleum Conservation Research Association-PCRA)ds okf"kZd tu dsafær b±èku laj{k.k esxk vfHk;ku ^l{ke 2020* (SAKSHAM 2020) dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA bldk iwjk uke laj{k.k {kerk egksRlo (Sanrakshan Kshamata Mahotsav-SAKSHAM)gSA bl vfHk;ku dk mís'; tu dsafær xfrfofèk;ksa ds ekè;e ls b±èku laj{k.k ij è;ku dsafær djuk gSA

�� dsaæh; nÙkd xzg.k lalkèku çkfèkdj.k%dsaæh; nÙkd xzg.k lalkèku çkfèkdj.k(Central Adoption Resource Authority-CARA)us 15 tuojh] 2020 dks ubZ fnYyh esa viuk 5ok¡ okf"kZd fnol lekjksg euk;kA dsaæh; nÙkd lalkèku çkfèkdj.k efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dk ,d lkafofèkd fudk; gSAdsaæh;nÙkdlalkèkuçkfèkdj.kdksfd'kksjU;k;(cPpksadhns•Hkky,oalaj{k.k)vfèkfu;e]2015dsçkoèkkuksadsrgr15tuojh]2016dks,dlkafofèkdfudk;ds:iesaukferfd;kx;kFkkA;g Hkkjrh; vukFk cPpksa ds ikyu&iks"k.k] ns•Hkky ,oa mUgsa xksn nsus ds fy;s ,d uksMy ,tsalh ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA;gns'kHkjdsfofHkUuckyns•HkkylaLFkkuksa(Child Care Institutions)esavfèkdmezvkSjfo'ks"k”k:jrksaokyscPpksadsiquokZlijHkh”kksjnsjgkgSA

�� jks”kxkj laxh ,i%NÙkhlx<+ ljdkj us dq'ky ,oa çf'kf{kr mEehnokjksa dks ukSdjh •kstus esa enn djus ds mís'; ls jks”kxkj laxh ,i (Rojgaar Sangi app) ykWUp fd;kAbl,idksjk"Vªh;lwpuk foKku dsaæ (National Informatics Centre) dh enn lsfodflr fd;k x;k gSA ;g ,i NÙkhlx<+ jkT; dkS'ky fodklçkfèkdj.k (Chhattisgarh State Skill Development Authority-CSSDA)}kjkçLrkfor705ikB~;Øeksadsrgrçf'kf{kr7yk•Nk=kksadksykHkigq¡pk,xkA

�� nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds pquko çcaèku fudk;ksa dk iQksje%Hkkjr fuokZpu vk;ksx us nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds pquko çcaèku fudk;ksa ds iQksje(FEMBoSA)dh ubZ fnYyh esa vk;ksftr 10oha okf"kZd cSBd dh es”kckuh dhAHkkjrfuokZpuvk;ksxdseq[; fuokZpu vk;qDr lquhy vjksM+k dks o"kZ 2020 ds fy;s nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds pquko çcaèku fudk; ds vè;{kds :i pquk x;k gSAblvoljij^laLFkkxr{kerkdkse”kcwrdjuk*fo"k;ijvarjkZ"Vªh;lEesyudkHkhvk;kstufd;kx;kAbllEesyuesaFEMBoSAdslnL;ns'kksadsçfrfufèk;ksadsvykokd”kk•Lrku]dsU;k]fdfxZ”kLrku]ekWjh'kl]V~;wuhf'k;kvkSjrhuvarjkZ"Vªh;laxBuksa&fl;ksyfLFkrfo'ofuokZpu

fudk;la?k]la;qDrjkT;vesfjdkfLFkrbaVjus'kuyiQkmaMs'kuvkWiQbysDVksjyflLVe(IFES) rFkkbaVjus'kuyvkbZMhbZ,(International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance)dsçfrfufèk;ksausHkhHkkxfy;kAbliQksjedkxBulkdZns'kksadspqukoçcaèkufudk;ksadhebZ2012esavk;ksftrcSBddsnkSjkufd;kx;kFkkAbliQksjedky{;lkdZdsfuokZpufudk;ksadslkekU;fgrksadslacaèkesavkilhlg;ksxdksc<+kukgSAHkkjrdsvykokbliQksjedsvU;lkrlnL;viQxkfuLrku]ckaXykns'k]HkwVku]ekynho]usiky]ikfdLrkuvkSjJhyadkdspqukoçcaèkufudk;gSaA

�� jktuhfrd ny iathdj.k VªSfdax çcaèku ç.kkyh%HkkjrfuokZpuvk;ksxusvkWuykbuiksVZydsekè;els,djktuhfrdnyiathdj.kVªSfdax çcaèku ç.kkyh (Political Parties Registration Tracking Management System-PPRTMS) çkjaHk dh gSA bl vkWuykbu iksVZy ds ekè;e ls vkosnd nyksa ds iathdj.k lcaèkh vkosnuksa dh fLFkfr dk irk yxk;k tk ldsxkAPPRTMS dsekè;els1tuojh]2020lsjktuhfrdnydsiathdj.kgsrqvkosnudjusokysvkosndnyviusvkosnuksadhfLFkfrdkirkyxkldsaxsAvk;ksxusfiNyseghusiathdj.kdsfy;sfn'kk&funZs'kksaesala'kksèkufd;kFkkAblç.kkyhlslacafèkru,fn'kk&funZs'k1tuojh]2020lsçHkkohgSaAvkosnddksviusvkosnuesany@vkosnddkeksckbyuacjvkSjbZ&esyirkntZdjukgksxkrkfdbldsekè;elsogviusvkosnudhv|rufLFkfrdsckjsesa SMS ,oabZ&esydsekè;elstkudkjhçkIrdj ldsaA jktuhfrd nyksa dk iathdj.k tuçfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] 1951 dh èkkjk 29(A) ds çkoèkkuksa ds varxZr gksrk gSAmi;ZqDrèkkjkdsrgrHkkjrfuokZpuvk;ksxesaiathdj.kdjusokysbPNqdnydksviusxBudhrkjh•ls30fnuksadhvofèkdsHkhrjvk;ksxdsle{kvkosnuçLrqrdjukgksrkgSA

vkfFkZd ?kVukØe

�� E;wpqvy iQaM esa fuos'k gsrq u, fu;e%gkyghesaHkkjrh; çfrHkwfr vkSj fofue; cksMZ (Securities and Exchange Board of India-SEBI)usvYio;Ldksa(Minors)dsfy;sE;wpqvy iQaM esa fuos'k

ds u, fu;ecuk,gSaA lsch}kjktkjhfu;eksaesadgkx;kgSfd;fn dksbZ vYio;Ld E;wpqvy iQaM esa fuos'k djrk gSrksog fuos'k ml vYio;Ld ds •krs ;k mlds fdlh la;qDr •krslsfd;ktk,xkAfuos'kdsfy;spsd]fMekaMMªkÝVvFkokfdlhvU;ekè;elsfd;sx,HkqxrkudksvYio;Ldds•krs;kvfHkHkkoddslkFkmldsla;qDr•krslsghLohdkjfd;ktk,xkAbldslkFkghtcvYio;Ld18o"kZdkgkstkrkgSrcmlscSadvdkmaVdsv|ruhdj.kgsrqds-okbZ-lh-(Know Your Client-KYC)dkiwjk

laf{kfIr;k¡(;wih,llh ,oa jkT; ihlh,l izkjafHkd ijh{kkvksa ij dsafnzr)

ftLVi=&if=dkvksa dk lkj

n`f"V djasV vQs;lZ VqMs || ekpZ 2020 ||

ftLVmi;ksxh i=&if=dkvksa ds ys[kksa dk lkj

[kaM la;kstu& fufèk flag

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh

�� ^vkHkklh ekuo* fu;kWu�� O;ksefe=k varfj{k esa D;k dke djsxh\�� o"kZ 2019 ds foKku vkSj rduhdh lacaèkh izeq[k rF;

i;kZoj.k

�� ,f'k;k esa ÅtkZ dk Hkfo";

�� tyok;q ifjorZu% vrhr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo";

�� o"kZ 2019 esa gq, i;kZoj.k lacaèkh dUosa'ku@lEesyu

jktO;oLFkk ,oa lekt

�� baVjusV 'kV Mkmu

�� vkbZ,yvks dUosa'ku 190�� ,flM fcØh dk fofu;eu

laiw.kZ ;kstuk (vaxzst+h rFkk fganh) dk lkj

i;kZoj.k

laiw.kZ dq#{ks= (vaxzsT+kh rFkk fganh) dk lkj

LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k

varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèk rFkk 'kklu O;oLFkk

�� Hkkjr vkSj bZjku

�� x.kra=k fnol ds eq[; vfrfFk

�� 2020 esa Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr

,fFkDl

�� i`Foh dks cpkus ds fy;s gesa vkLFkk] uSfrdrk] foKku vkSj vFkZ'kkL=k dh T+k:jr gSA

ftLV i=&if=dkvksa dk lkj

Hkkjr us i;kZoj.k ds eqíksa ij usr`Ro vkSj izfrc¼rk trkbZ gSA isfjl le>kSrs ds rgr uohdj.kh; mQtkZ ds fy;s fuèkkZfjr y{;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy;s fo|qr&okguksa vkSj okgu mRltZu ekunaMksa dks ykxw djuk] vkink izcaèku volajpuk ij xBcaèku vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lkSj xBcaèku oqQN ,sls ekspsZ gSa ftuesa Hkkjr us usr`Ro dh felky is'k dh gSA

dkWi ds 25osa lEesyu esa Hkkjr

�� 10 fnlacj] 2019 dks Lisu ds eSfMªM esa tyok;q ifjorZu ij la;qDr jk"Vª izsQeooZQ lafèk ds dkWi&25 lEesyu dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA�� Hkkjr us dkcZu mRltZu esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds 21 izfr'kr dh deh dh gSA�� Hkkjr ds izèkkuea=kh us isfjl le>kSrs esa uohdj.kh; mQtkZ ds fy;s

175 xhxkokV y{; dh ?kks"k.kk dh FkhA ge 83 xhxkokV gkfly dj pqds gSaA izèkkuea=kh us gky ds la;qDr jk"Vª tyok;q dkjZokbZ lEesyu esa ;g y{; c<+kdj 450 xhxkokV dj fn;k gSA�� Hkkjr esa dks;ys ds mRiknu ij izfr Vu 6 MkWyj dh nj ls dkcZu VSDl yxk;k x;k gSA �� o"kZ 2030 rd isVªksy esa 20 izfr'kr rd ,FksukWy ds bLrseky dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA geus okgu mRltZu fu;eksa ds vkèkkj ij Hkkjr ekud&IV ls Hkkjr ekud&VI dh Nykax yxkbZ gSA 1 vizSy] 2020 ls lHkh okgu ch,l&VI ds vuqikyu esa gksaxsA�� czk”khy] nf{k.k vizQhdk] Hkkjr vkSj phu lewg (csfld) ds eaf=k;ksa dh cSBd 10 fnlacj] 2019 dks Lisu ds eSfMªM esa dkWi-25 lEesyu ds nkSjku gqbZA cSBd dh vè;{krk phu ds ikfjfLFkfrdh; vkSj i;kZoj.k mi&ea=kh Jh >kvks f;axfeu us dhA�� 2018 esa phu us 2005 ds eqdkcys dkcZu mRltZu esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds 45.8 izfr'kr dh deh dhA nf{k.k vizQhdk us gky gh esa dkcZu VSDl ykxw fd;k gS vkSj viuh uohure fo|qr ;kstuk esa O;kid uohdj.kh; mQTkkZ dk;ZozQe dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA�� czk”khy jk"Vªh; Lrj ij leqfpr dkjZokbZ ds rgr 58 izfr'kr dkcZu mRltZu dVkSrh dk y{; izkIr dj pqdk gSA�� Hkkjr us fnYyh esa ejQLFkyhdj.k dh jksdFkke ls lacafèkr la;qDr jk"Vª lafèk esa 'kkfey ns'kksa ds 14osa lEesyu ds nkSjku 2030 rd 2 djksM+ 60 yk[k gsDVs;j vuqRiknd Hkwfe dks mi;ksxh cukus dk y{; j[kk gSA�� izèkkuea=kh us 25 fnlacj] 2019 dks ubZ fnYyh esa vk;ksftr ,d lekjksg esa iwoZ izèkkuea=kh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dh t;arh ij vVy Hkwty ;kstuk (vVy ty) vkjaHk dhA

tyok;q okÙkkZ esa Hkkjr vfMx

�� dkWi 25 lEesyu dh cSBd esa tyok;q foÙk ls tqM+s ftu vge eqíksa dks Hkkjr dh rjiQ ls j[kk x;k muesa lcls vge Fkk dkcZu dkjksckj dkA Dyhu MsoyiesaV eSdsfu”e (lhMh,e) ds rgr ekStwnk le; esa ,d dkcZu ck”kkj lapkfyr gSA bl ck”kkj esa ns'kksa] laLFkkvksa ,oa futh daifu;ksa dks vius dkcZu ozsQfMV~l dh [kjhn&iQjks[r djus dh btk”kr gSA

�� iwoZ dh ijaijkxr rduhd dh rqyuk esa mRltZu dh deh dk vkdyu dkcZu ozsQfMV~l ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA

�� ;g ck”kkj 'ks;j ck”kkj dh Hkk¡fr lapkfyr gksrk gS rFkk blds eqrkfcd dkcZu ozsQfMV~l dh njsa Hkh ?kVrh&c<+rh jgrh gSaA ysfdu ,d tuojh] 2021 ls tc isfjl le>kSrs ds izkoèkku ykxw gks tk,axs rks D;ksVks izksVksdkWy [kRe gks tk,xkA ;g ck”kkj Hkh mlds lkFk gh [kRe gks tk,xkA

�� Hkkjr us ekax j[kh fd isfjl le>kSrs ds vuqPNsn Ng esa dkcZu ck”kkj ds ekStwnk Lo:i dks tkjh j[kk tk,A vuqPNsn Ng esa dkcZu ck”kkj dh ckr rks dgh xbZ gS ysfdu mldk rkSj&rjhdk vHkh r; ugha gSA

�� gfjr i;kZoj.k dks"k% Hkkjr us gfjr i;kZoj.k dks"k esa ,d vjc MkWyj lkykuk fn;s tkus dk eqík mBk;kA D;ksVks izksVksdkWy ds izkoèkkuksa ds rgr 2020 ls izR;sd o"kZ fodflr ns'kksa dks bl dks"k esa 100 vjc MkWyj dh jkf'k nsuh Fkh rkfd bl jkf'k ls fodkl'khy ,oa xjhc ns'kksa esa tyok;q [krjksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s {kerk dk fodkl fd;k tk ldsA ysfdu bldh nks iQhlnh jkf'k gh fodflr ns'kksa us nh gSA

�� gfjr rduhdksa dk eqík% iwoZ ds le>kSrksa esa ;g Hkh r; gqvk gS fd fodflr ns'k gfjr rduhdksa dk gLrkarj.k djsaxs] ysfdu bl ekeys esa izxfr ugha gks jgh gSA fodflr ns'kksa ds vius rdZ gSaA os dgrs gSa fd rduhdsa futh daifu;ksa ds ikl gSa] os mUgsa ckè; ugha dj ldrs gSaA

�� isfjl le>kSrs ij lgefr% Hkkjr us crk;k fd mldk y{; isfjl le>kSrs ds rgr mRltZu dh rhozrk esa 35 iQhlnh dh deh ykuk gSA ;g y{; mls 2030 rd iwjk djuk gS vkSj blesa og 21 iQhlnh dh deh gkfly dj pqdk gSA blh izdkj 28 ns'kksa ds ;wjksih; la?k us dgk fd og 2050 rd vius dkcZu mRltZu dks 'kwU; ds Lrj rd ykdj dkcZu fujis{k cu tk,xkA njvly] vesfjdk dh la?kh; ljdkj ds budkj ds ckotwn ogk¡ dh jkT; ljdkjksa] uxj iz'kklu vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa] daifu;ksa vkfn ds }kjk bl fn'kk esa dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA bl izdkj isfjl le>kSrs ds fozQ;kUo;u dks ysdj lfozQ; VkWi-5 ns'kksa dh lwph esa Hkkjr dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA la;qDr jk"Vª ds baVjxouZesaVy iSuy vkWu DykbesV psat (vkbZihlhlh) dh fjiksVZ esa ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ gSA nwljs] ,d vU; fjiksVZ esa tyok;q ltx 'kh"kZ 10 ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dks uok¡ LFkku feyk gSA

laiw.kZ ;kstuk (vaxzssT+kh rFkk fganh) dk lkj

i;kZoj.k

�� ^LokLF;* dk vFkZ fliZQ chekfj;kas ls eqDr jguk ugha gS cfYd LoLFk thou'kSyh ls gSA ,d LoLFk thou ds lkFk&lkFk LoLFk thou'kSyh gsrq i;kZIr tkudkjh vkSj lqfoèkk,¡ izR;sd ukxfjd dk vfèkdkj gSA vkSj bls lqfuf'pr djus dh f”kEesnkjh ljdkj ij gSA

�� Hkkjr ljdkj us bl fo"k; ij ,d lexz n`f"Vdks.k viuk;k gS vkSj ljdkj LokLF; ns[kHkky ds pkj izeq[k vk;kekas ij dk;Z dj jgh gS& jksxfujksèkh LokLF; ns[kHkky] fdiQk;rh LokLF; lqfoèkk,¡] vkiwfrZ dks csgrj cukuk vkSj fe'ku eksM esa dk;kZUo;uA

LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k % ns'k dh izxfr ds ifg;s

�� Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 21 esa ns'k ds izR;sd ukxfjd dks xfjekiw.kZ thou thus ds vfèkdkj vkSj O;fDrxr Lora=krk ds laj{k.k dh xkjaVh nh xbZ gSA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us Hkh vfHkfuèkkZfjr fd;k gS fd lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 21 esa of.kZr ekuoh; xfjek ds lkFk thou thus dk vfèkdkj jkT; ds uhfr&funsZ'kd fl¼karkas ls fy;k x;k gS vkSj blesa LokLF; dh lqj{kk 'kkfey gSA

�� la;qDr jk"Vª dh ekuokfèkdkj ls lacafèkr lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kk ds vuqPNsn 25 esa Hkh dgk x;k gS fd izR;sd O;fDr dks ,d ,sls thou&Lrj dk vfèkdkj gS tks mlds ifjokj vkSj Lo;a ml O;fDr ds LokLF; vkSj dY;k.k ds fy;s i;kZIr gksA blesa Hkkstu] oL=k] vkokl] fpfdRlk ns[kHkky vkSj vko';d lkekftd lsok,¡ 'kkfey gSaA

ubZ jk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr] 2017

�� LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k dks jk"Vªh; fodkl dh igyh vko';drk ekurs gq, 15 ekpZ] 2017 dks dasnzh; eaf=keaMy dh cSBd esa ubZ jk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr dks ea”kwjh nh xbZA

�� jk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr] 2017 esa tu&LokLF; ij gksus okys [kpZ dks le;c¼ vkèkkj ij ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (thMhih) ds 2.5 izfr'kr rd c<+kus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA ekStwnk le; esa ;g [kpZ thMhih dk dsoy 1.15 izfr'kr gSA

�� blesa thou&izR;k'kk ekStwnk 67.5 o"kZ ls c<+kdj o"kZ 2025 rd 70 o"kZ djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA blh rjg jk"Vªh; vkSj mi&jk"Vªh; Lrj ij dqy iztuu nj ls o"kZ 2025 rd ?kVkdj 2.1 izfr'kr ij ykus dh ;kstuk gSA bl uhfr esa o"kZ 2025 rd 5 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds cPPkkas dh eR;q nj esa deh ykdj 23 djus] uotkr f'k'kq eR;q nj o"kZ 2019 rd ?kVkdj 28 rd ykus rFkk ekr eR;q nj (,e,evkj) ds orZeku Lrj dks o"kZ 2020 rd ?kVkdj 100 rd ykus ij ”kksj fn;k x;k gSA

�� o"kZ 2025 rd uotkr f'k'kq e`R;q nj dks ?kVkdj 16 rd ykus vkSj e`r tUe ysus okys cPpkas dh nj dks ?kVkdj ,d vad esa ykus dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA o"kZ 2017 rd dkyktkj rFkk o"kZ 2017 rd fyEisQfVd iQkbysfj;kfll dk mUewyu djus vkSj bl fLFkfr dks cuk, j[kus dh ckr Hkh LokLF; uhfr esa 'kkfey gSA

�� o"kZ 2025 rd n`f"Vghurk ds ekeykas dks ?kVkdj 0.25/1000 djus rFkk ,sls jksfx;kas dh la[;k ekStwnk&Lrj ls ?kVkdj ,d frgkbZ djus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA blesa ân;okfgdk jksx] dSalj] eèkqesg vkSj 'okl jksx ls gksus okyh vdky ekSrkas dks o"kZ 2025 rd ?kVkdj 25 izfr'kr djus vkSj xSj&lapkjh jksxksa dh mHkjrh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ij è;ku dsafnzr fd;k x;k gSA

�� o"kZ 2025 rd lkoZtfud LokLF; lsokvksa ds mi;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr o`f¼ djus] ,d lky rd dh vk;q ds 90 izfr'kr ls vfèkd uotkr f'k'kqvksa ds iw.kZ Vhdkdj.k vkSj jk"Vªh; ,oa mi&jk"Vªh;Lrj ij ifjokj fu;kstu ls lacafèkr 90 izfr'kr vko';drk,¡ iwjh djus dk y{; gSA blh rjg] rackdw ds bLrseky ds ekStwnk&Lrj dks o"kZ 2020 rd 15 izfr'kr vkSj o"kZ 2025 rd 30 izfr'kr ?kVkus ij ”kksj fn;k x;k gSA

vk;q"eku Hkkjr ;kstuk

�� LokLF; {ks=k dh egÙokdka{kh ;kstuk& ^vk;q"eku Hkkjr* ds ekè;e ls fpfdRlk {ks=k esa nks izeq[k igysa dh xbZ gSaA buesa ls ,d igy] LokLF; vkSj dY;k.k dsanz [kksyus ls lacafèkr gS] rks nwljh] jk"Vªh; LokLF; laj{k.k ;kstuk (,u,pih,e) ds ckjs esa gSA

�� ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr ds izFke o"kZ esa gh djhc 47 yk[k yksxkas dks ^vk;q"eku Hkkjr&izèkkuea=kh tu vkjksX; ;kstuk* ds varxZr Hkkjrh; eqnzk eas 75 g”kkj fefy;u dk bykt miyCèk djk;k x;kA 10 djksM+ 20 yk[k ls vfèkd yksxksa dks ykHkkFkhZ dkMZ tkjh fd;s tk pqds gSaA izèkkuea=kh tu vkjksX; ;kstuk ds varxZr iwjs ns'k eas 18 g”kkj 100 vLirkykas dks iSuy esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA buesa ls 53 izfr'kr vLirky futh {ks=k ds cgq&fo'ks"kKrk (eYVh&Lisf'k;fyVh) vLirky gSa vkSj 62 izfr'kr bykt dh lqfoèkk bUgha vLirkykas eas miyCèk djkbZ xbZ gSA

vU; izeq[k LokLF; lacaèkh ;kstuk,¡

�� izèkkuea=kh LokLF; lqj{kk ;kstuk% ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxkas esa fo'oluh; vkSj fdiQk;rh LokLF; ns[kHkky lqfoèkkvkas dh miyCèkrk esa vlarqyu nwj djus ds mís'; ls izèkkuea=kh LokLF; lqj{kk ;kstuk pykbZ tk jgh gSA blds varxZr fo'ks"k :i ls xq.koÙkkiw.kZ fpfdRlk f'k{kk dh lqfoèkkvksa ls oafpr ;k de lqfoèkk okys jkT;kas esa fpfdRlk f'k{kk ds izlkj ij cy fn;k tk jgk gSA vf[ky Hkkjrh; vk;qfoZKku laLFkku&,El

LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k

laiw.kZ dq#{ks= (vaxzssT+kh rFkk fganh) dk lkj

baVjusV 'kV Mkmu

lanHkZ

gky gh esa mPpre U;k;ky; us dgk gS fd baVjusV ds ekè;e ls Hkk"k.k vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk dk ekSfyd vfèkdkj vkSj O;kikj ;k O;olk; djus dk vfèkdkj laoSèkkfud :i ls lajf{kr gSA ;g fu.kZ; d'ehj esa fiNys ik¡p eghus ls baVjusV ij tkjh jksd dh i`"BHkwfe esa vk;k FkkA

bl fu.kZ; esa baVjusV can fd;s tkus ds ckjs esa rdZ

�� gkyk¡fd U;k;ky; us vius fu.kZ; esa ;g ugha dgk gS fd baVjusV rd igq¡p ,d ekSfyd vfèkdkj gS] ysfdu mlus dgk gS fd ,d ekè;e ds :i esa baVjusV dk mi;ksx vU; ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk mi;ksx djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA

�� U;k;ky; us dgk] ¶baVjusV ds ekè;e ls vfHkO;fDr us orZeku esa çklafxdrk gkfly dh gS vkSj ;g lwpuk ds çlkj dk ,d çeq• lkèku gSA¸ U;k;ky; us viuh fVIif.k;ksa esa vfuok;Z :i ls fn'kk&funZs'k fn;s fd baVjusV ij euekus <ax ls jksd ugha yxkbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj bls U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA

�� U;k;ky; us ;g Hkh dgk fd baVjusV lsokvksa dks fuyafcr djus okys vkns'kksa esa ;g crkuk ”k:jh gksxk fd dkjZokbZ dSls mfpr Fkh rFkk dkuwu vkSj O;oLFkk ds fy;s vklUu •rjs ds vuqikr esa FkhA

baVjusV lsokvksa dk fuyacu dSls\

�� lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh vfèkfu;e] 2000, naM çfØ;k lafgrk (lhvkjihlh)] 1973 vkSj VsyhxzkiQ vfèkfu;e] 1885 rhu ,sls dkuwu gSa tks baVjusV lsokvksa ds fuyacu ls lacafèkr gSaA

�� èkkjk 144% 2017 ls igys] baVjusV lsok,¡ fuyafcr djus ds vkns'k lhvkjihlh dh èkkjk 144 ds rgr tkjh fd;s tkrs FksA vkSifuosf'kd ;qx ds bl dkuwu dks cuk, j•k x;k gS tks f”kyk eftLVªsV] lc&fMfo”kuy eftLVªsV ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl ckjs esa fo'ks"k :i ls 'kfDr;k¡ çkIr fdlh vU; dk;Zdkjh eftLVªsV dks •rjs ;k miæo dh vk'kadk ds rRdky ekeyksa dks jksdus vkSj mudk lekèkku djus ds fy;s vkns'k tkjh djus dh 'kfDr;k¡ çnku djrk gSA

baVjusV can djuk& Hkkjr esa ;g dSls] dc vkSj dgk¡ gks jgk gS\

�� eksckby baVjusV dks fuyafcr djus ds fy;s èkkjk 144 ds mi;ksx dks 2015 esa xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; ds le{k pqukSrh nh xbZ Fkh] ysfdu U;k;ky; us eftLVªsV }kjk bl rjg ds vkns'k tkjh djus dh 'kfDr dks cjdjkj j•kA

�� fuyacu lacaèkh fu;e% dsaæ ljdkj us baVjusV ds fuyacu ds fofu;eu ds fy;s 2017 esa VsyhxzkiQ ,DV ds rgr nwjlapkj lsokvksa dk vLFkk;h

fuyacu (yksd vkikr fLFkfr ;k yksd lqj{kk) fu;e vfèklwfpr fd;sA ;s fu;e Hkkjrh; VsyhxzkiQ vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 5(2) ls 'kfDr;k¡ çkIr djrs gSa] tks ¶Hkkjr dh laçHkqrk vkSj v•aMrk ds fgrksa¸ esa lans'kksa (Messages) ds baVlZsI'ku ds ckjs esa gSaA�� 2017 ds fu;eksa ds ckotwn] ljdkj us vDlj èkkjk 144 ds rgr O;kid 'kfDr;ksa dk mi;ksx fd;k gSA ukxfjdrk la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ds f•ykiQ fojksèk ds eísu”kj] ;wih ds laHky esa f”kyk eftLVªsV }kjk èkkjk 144 ds rgr baVjusV lsokvksa dks fuyafcr dj fn;k x;kA 20 twu] 2019 dks if'pe caxky ds mÙkj 24&ijxuk esa f”kyk eftLVªsV }kjk lkaçnkf;d ruko dks ns•rs gq, eksckby baVjusV] dscy lsokvksa vkSj czkWMcSaM dks can dj fn;k x;kA�� ljdkj us rdZ fn;k Fkk fd ¶vfLFkj bfrgkl] ckgjh vkØkedrk] ukikd vyxkooknh xfrfofèk;ksa vkSj jktuhfrd usrkvksa }kjk fn;s x, HkM+dkÅ c;kuksa ds ckjs esa ifCyd Mksesu esa miyCèk Hkkjh lkexzh us ,slh fLFkfr iSnk dj nh¸ fd d'ehj esa baVjusV lsok,¡ fuyafcr djus ds fy;s èkkjk 144 ds rgr vkns'k ikfjr djuk ”k:jh gks x;k FkkA

�� n`f"V buiqV% jkbV Vw ,Dlsl baVjusV

�� ^iQkghek f'kjhu cuke dsjy jkT;* ekeys esa] dsjy mPp U;k;ky; us lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds varxZr futrk ds vfèkdkj vkSj f'k{kk ds vfèkdkj ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa baVjusV rd yksxksa dh igq¡p ds vfèkdkj dks ekSfyd vfèkdkj ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA�� jkbV Vw ,Dlsl baVjusV ls rkRi;Z lHkh yksxksa dh baVjusV rd igq¡p dh lqfuf'prrk vkSj mUgsa vius vfèkdkjksa] [kkldj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk dk vfèkdkj vkSj vU; ekSfyd ekuokfèkdkjksa ds mi;ksx dh Lora=krk iznku djuk gSA�� lcw eSF;w tkWtZ (Sabu Mathew George) dsl] 2018 ds nkSjku lqizhe dksVZ us jkbV Vw ,Dlsl baVjusV dks ,d ewy ekSfyd vfèkdkj ds :i esa ekU;rk nh Fkh c'krsZ tc rd bldk mi;ksx voSèk lhek rd u fd;k x;k gksA�� blds vykok] Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk vuqPNsn 38(2) vkSj 39 ds varxZr Hkh jkbV Vw ,Dlsl baVjusV dks vizR;{k :i ls js[kkafdr djrk gSA�� la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dk pkSFkk lafoèkku la'kksèku ukxfjdksa ds futrk ds vfèkdkj dh j{kk djrk gS vkSj blesa jkT; ds vuqfpr gLr{ksi ls cpkrk gSA�� ;wukbVsM fdaxMe dk ekuokfèkdkj vfèkfu;e ukxfjdksa dh futrk] ikfjokfjd thou] ?kj vkSj lapkj dh j{kk djrk gSA�� fMftVy vlekurk (Digital Inequality) dk lacaèk lwpuk] xjhch] cqfu;knh <k¡ps dh deh vkSj fMftVy lk{kjrk esa deh ds dkj.k yksxksa }kjk fMftVy vkSj lwpuk rduhdh (Technology) ds mi;ksx ds {ks=k esa vlekurk ls gSA�� fMftVy dkS'ky (Digital Skill) dks ;wusLdks (UNESCO) ds lrr~ fodkl y{; la[;k&4 (SDG-4) esa LFkku fn;k x;k gSA

jktO;oLFkk ,oa lekt

ftLVi=&if=dkvksa dk lkj

^vkHkklh ekuo* fu;kWu

lanHkZ

�� lSelax ds LVkj ySCl (Star Labs) dh igyh ifj;kstuk ^fu;kWu* dks nqfu;k dk igyk Ñf=ke ekuo (Artificial Human) dgk tk jgk gSA fu;kWu okLrfod euq";ksa dh rjg fn•rs vkSj O;ogkj djrs gSa vkSj ;s Le`fr;ksa vkSj Hkkoukvksa dks fodflr dj ldrs gSa& gkyk¡fd os ,d 4K fMLIys ds ihNs ls ,slk djsaxsA bUgsa ge ekuo baVjiQsl (Human Interface) dg ldrs gSaA

�� LVkj ySCl lSelax VsDuksykWth ,aM ,MokaLM fjlpZ ySCl (Samsung Technology & Advanced Research Labs) dksfj;k dh çeq• çkS|ksfxdh daiuh }kjk foÙkiksf"kr ,d Lora=k ifj;kstuk gSA

fu;kWu D;k gSa\

�� daiuh dk dguk gS fd fu;kWu x.kukvksa ds ekè;e ls fufeZr vkHkklh ekuo gSa& ;g 'kCn NEO (u;k) + Human (ekuo) ls feydj cuk gSA fiQygky vkHkklh ekuo (Virtual Human) muds l`tudÙkkZvksa }kjk eSU;qvy :i ls fu;af=kr fd;s tkus ij Hkkouk,¡ çnf'kZr dj ldrs gSaA

�� ysfdu fu;kWu dks bruk cqf¼eku cukus dk fopkj gS fd os iwjh rjg ls Lok;Ùk gksa] Hkkouk,¡ çnf'kZr dj ldsa] dkS'ky lh• ldsa] Le`fr;ksa dk l`tu dj ldsa vkSj vius ne ij cqf¼eku cu ldsaA

fu;kWu dSls dke djrs gSa\

�� vkHkklh ekuo eq[; :i ls nks çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA lcls igys] ;g lSelax dh dksj (CORE) R3 çkS|ksfxdh ij vkèkkfjr gS] bldk rkRi;Z okLrfodrk (Reality)] fj;y Vkbe (Real Time) vkSj çfrfØ;k (Response) gSA bl rduhd ds }kjk fu;kWu iy Hkj esa çfrfØ;k nsus esa leFkZ gSA

�� CORE R3, ¶fcgsfo;jy U;wjy usVoDlZ] boksY;w'kujh tsujsfVo baVsfytsal ,aM dEI;wVs'kuy fj;fyVh¸ ds {ks=k esa rs”kh ls vkxs c<+ jgh gS vkSj mls bl ckjs esa xgu :i ls çf'kf{kr fd;k tk ldrk gS fd euq"; dSls ns•rs gSa] O;ogkj djrs gSa vkSj ckrphr djrs gSaA

�� ysfdu ;s ,d jsafM'ku batu (Rendition Engine) dh rjg gS tks xf.krh; ekWMy dks okLrfod ekuo dh rjg fn•us ds fy;s ifjofrZr djrk gSA blds }kjk nh tkus okyh izfrfozQ;k esa feyhlsdaM ls Hkh de le; yxrk gSA dksj R3 çkS|ksfxdh Hkk"kk fdV tSlh vU; Mksesu&fof'k"V vkSj ewY;ofèkZr lsokvksa ds fy;s mi;ksx esa ykbZ tk ldrh gSA

�� vxyk pj.k LisDVªk (SPECTRA) gksxk] tks cqf¼] KkuktZu] Hkkoukvksa vkSj Le`fr ds LisDVªe* ds lkFk dksj R3 dk vuqiwjd gksxkA ysfdu LisDVªk vHkh Hkh fodkl dh çfØ;k esa gS vkSj bl o"kZ ds var esa fu;kWuoYMZ 2020 (NEONWORLD 2020) ls igys blds vkus dh laHkkouk ugha gSA

�� ¶dksj R3 ÚaV&,aM (front-end) ,d fj;fyVh batu gS tks okLrfod vfHkO;fDr nsus esa l{ke gSA vHkh fu;kWu dks bl ckjs esa ugha irk gS fd mls dc eqldjkuk gSA¸

n`f"V buiqV% oYMZ fMftVy dkWfEifVfVo jSafdax

�� gky gh esa baVjus'kuy baLVhV~;wV iQkWj eSustesaV MsoyiesaV (IMD) }kjk tkjh fd;s x, oYMZ fMftVy dkWfEifVfVo jSafdax esa Hkkjr dks 44ok¡ LFkku izkIr gqvk gSA

�� bl jSafdax dh 'kqjQvkr o"kZ 2017 eas dh xbZ FkhA

�� bl jSafdax esa eq[; :i ls rhu izeq[k dkjdksa& Kku] izkS|ksfxdh vkSj Hkfo"; dh rS;kjh dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA

�� jSafdax esa Hkkjr dks o"kZ 2018 esa 48ok¡ LFkku izkIr FkkA

�� jSafdax esa fo'o ds 'kh"kZ ns'kksa dh lwph esa ozQe'k% vesfjdk igys] flaxkiqj nwljs] LohMu rhljs] MsuekoZQ pkSFks rFkk fLoV”kjySaM ik¡pos LFkku ij gSA

fu;kWu dk mi;ksx dSls fd;k tk ldrk gS\

�� cSad esa vkids ç'uksa dk mÙkj nsaxs] jsLrjka esa vkidk Lokxr djsaxs ;k jkr&fcjkr Vsyhfo”ku ij czsfdax U;w”k i<+saxsA

�� fu;kWu ,d LoRoèkkjh çkS|ksfxdh (Proprietary Technology) }kjk lapkfyr gS ftls dksj R3 – ¶okLrfodrk (Reality)] fj;y Vkbe (Real Time) vkSj çfrfØ;k (Response)¸ dgk tkrk gSA

fu;kWu opZqvy vflLVsaV ls vyx dSls gSa\

�� opZqvy vflLVsaV (Virtual Assistants) vc mu lHkh MsVk ls lh•rs gSa ftuds lkFk mUgsa tksM+k tkrk gSA fu;kWu tks tkurs gSa vkSj lh•rs gSa] ml rd lhfer jgsaxsA mudk >qdko laHkkfor :i ls ml O;fDr vkSj 'kk;n mlds fe=k rd lhfer gks ldrk gS ftls os lsok,¡ çnku dj jgs gSa] ysfdu iwjs baVjusV ds fy;s ughaA

�� LVkj ySCl dk dguk gS fd ¶MhiiQsd (deepfake Ñf=ke cqf¼ vkèkkfjr çkS|ksfxdh gS) ds foijhr] dksj R3 fdlh Hkh n`';] ohfM;ks ;k vuqØe (Sequence) esa gsjiQsj ugha djrh gS] bldh ctk; okLrfod le; esa vf}rh; O;ogkjksa vkSj var%fØ;kvksa dk l`tu djrh gSA dksj R3 ubZ okLrfodrkvksa dk l`tu djrh gSA¸

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh

,f'k;k esa ÅtkZ dk Hkfo";

lanHkZ

�� gky gh esa vcw èkkch us ,d lkSj ifj;kstuk dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy;s phu vkSj tkiku dh daifu;ksa ds lkFk lk>snkjh dh gSA orZeku ifjn`'; dh ;fn ckr djsa rks ,f'k;k vkSj vU; jk"Vªksa dh rqyuk esa phu esa lcls vfèkd ek=kk esa lkSj ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj ;gk¡ fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa thok'e b±èku ds LFkku ij uohdj.kh; vkSj ijek.kq ÅtkZ b±èku dk vfèkd ek=kk esa mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA

�� phu vkSj Hkkjr lfgr ,f'k;k esa o"kZ 2040 rd oSf'od ÅtkZ dh ekax esa rdjhcu 43% rd dh o`f¼ gksus] vkSj ml o"kZ rd bl {ks=k dh ekax esa 50% ls vfèkd dh o`f¼ gksus dh laHkkouk gSA

izeq[k fcanq

�� phu tSls ns'k igys ls gh xSj&thok'e b±èku&vkèkkfjr ÅtkZ vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds lcls çeq• vkiwfrZdÙkkZvksa esa 'kkfey gSaA 2017 rd] phu ds ikl nqfu;k ds lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd ekWM~;wy ds 72% mRiknu dk LokfeRo Fkk_ bldh rqyuk esa] vesfjdk ds ikl 1% vkSj ;wjksi ds ikl 2% gSA vkB 'kh"kZ fuekZrk ns'kksa esa ls Ng ,f'k;k esa gSaA

�� ;fn tyfo|qr dks 'kkfey u fd;k tk,] rks phu ds ikl nqfu;k dh uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ laLFkkfir {kerk dk ,d frgkbZ fgLlk gS_ ;wjksih; la?k ds ikl ,d pkSFkkbZ ls FkksM+k vfèkd gS_ vkSj vesfjdk ds ikl 14% dh fgLlsnkjh gSA tyfo|qr ds mRiknu esa Hkh phu vxz.kh gSA

�� phu fyfFk;e vk;u cSVjh ds fy;s nqfu;k dh mRiknu {kerk dk de&ls&de nks&frgkbZ mRiknu djrk gS] ftldk mi;ksx bysfDVªd okguksa (bZoh)] eksckby iQksu vkSj ySiVkWi rFkk daI;wVj vkfn esa fd;k tkrk gSA

�� phu fyfFk;e vk;u cSVfj;ksa ds mRiknu esa mi;ksx gksus okys çkFkfed dPps eky fyfFk;e dk rhljk lcls cM+k •fud gSA fyfFk;e ds c<+rs vkfFkZd egÙo ds dkj.k mls çk;% liQsn isVªksfy;e dgk tkrk gSA

ifjorZu lacaèkh rF;

�� fLoV~”kjySaM dh ÅtkZ vkSj deksfMVh VªsfMax daiuh foVksy (Vitol) ds eqrkfcd] nqfu;k Hkj esa rsy dh ekax 2034 ds vklikl lokZsPp Lrj ij igq¡p tk,xhA �� nqfu;k Hkj esa fo|qrhdj.k dh nj esa o`f¼ tkjh jgsxh vkSj 2030 rd ,f'k;k esa 100% dojst dh mEehn gSA bl c<+rh ekax dks thok'e b±èku ls mRiUu fctyh dh ctk; uohdj.kh; vkSj ijek.kq ÅtkZ }kjk iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA�� bl ekax dks fo|qr mRiknu {kerk ds fodsaæhdj.k ds ekè;e ls Hkh iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gS] tSls fd eykoh vkSj ckaXykns'k tSls ns'kksa esa gky gh esa xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k ifj;kstuk,¡ 'kq: dh xbZ gSa tgk¡ fdlku vkSj xk¡o vius Lo;a ds fy;s fctyh dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy;s lkSj iSuyksa ,oa NksVs tujsVjksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA�� varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k ds vuqeku ds eqrkfcd ok;q çnw"k.k vkSj oSf'od rkio`f¼ ds dkj.k lkekftd ykxr tSlh vewY; ckárkvksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i dks;yk vkSj isVªksfy;e tSls thok'e b±èku ij 2017 esa dqy 5.2 fVªfy;u MkWyj dh dj&i'pkr~ lfClMh nh xbZ gSA

fu"d"kZ

ifjorZu dh xfr pkgs tks gks] ysfdu blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd ;g igys ls gh gks jgk gSA blhfy;s la;qDr vjc vehjkr (ftldk lcls cM+k 'kgj vcw èkkch gS) tSlk ns'k fo'o dk vkBok¡ lcls cM+k rsy mRiknd gksus ds ckotwn lkSj ÅtkZ vkSj ijek.kq ÅtkZ lqfoèkkvksa dk fuekZ.k dj jgk gS vkSj ,f'k;kbZ Hkkxhnkjksa ds lkFk ifjorZu dj jgk gSA Source: WEF

tyok;q ifjorZu % vrhr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo";

2019�� Lisu esa 2 ls 13 fnlacj rd vk;ksftr gksus okyk la;qDr jk"Vª tyok;q ifjorZu lEesyu fofHkUu ns'kksa ds fy;s isfjl le>kSrs ds rgr fuèkkZfjr y{;ksa ds vuq:i vius mRltZu ds y{;ksa esa la'kksèku djus dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ volj FkkA�� la;qDr jk"Vª ÚseodZ dUosa'ku vkWu DykbesV psat (UNFCCC) ds dqy 197 lnL; ns'k eSfMªM esa dkWUÚsal vkWiQ ikVh±”k (lhvksih) esa Hkkx ysaxsA bl lEesyu dks dkWi 25 uke fn;k x;k gSA�� nqfu;k dh 'kh"kZ 20 vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ;k th20 esa ls dsoy N% ns'k]

78 çfr'kr oSf'od mRltZu ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSa] isfjl le>kSrk ,d Li"V rkieku y{; fuèkkZfjr djus okyk igyk dkuwuh nLrkos”k FkkA ;g ns'kksa dks iwoZ&vkS|ksfxd Lrj ls vkSlr oSf'od rkieku o`f¼ dks 2°C ls uhps j•us ds fy;s çsfjr djrk gS vkSj mUgsa bls 1.5°C rd lhfer djus ds fy;s çksRlkfgr djrk gSA

i;kZoj.k

Hkkjr vkSj bZjku

lanHkZ

�� 4 tuojh] 2020 dks] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk us cxnkn esa ,d Mªksu geys dh f”kEesnkjh ysrs gq, çsl c;ku tkjh fd;kA bl geys esa bZjku ds bLykfed fjokWY;w'kujh xkMZ dkWIlZ dqn~l (Quds) iQkslZ ds çeq• Jh dkfle lqysekuh dks ekj fn;k x;kA�� blh geys esa bjkd esa bZjku lefFkZr vkradoknh laxBu ds fMIVh dekaMj vcq egnh vy&eqgafnl dks Hkh ekj fn;k x;k] mls Økafrdkfj;ksa dks tqVkus ds fy;s tkuk tkrk FkkA dkfle dks eè;&iwoZ esa bZjku ,oa nqfu;k ds f'k;k leqnk; ds èkkfeZd vkSj jktuhfrd usrk v;krqYyk •kseSuh ds ckn nwljs LFkku ij ekuk tkrk FkkA

Hkkjr dh fpark

�� vesfjdk vkSj bZjku ds chp vpkud bl lhèks Vdjko us Hkkjr dks ,d dfBu ifjfLFkfr esa Mky fn;k gSA Hkkjr ds yacs le; ls bZjku ds lkFk cgqr e”kcwr lacaèk jgs gSaA gky gh esa] Hkkjr us bZjku esa pkcgkj canjxkg ds fuekZ.k esa Hkh Hkkjh fuos'k fd;k gSA ;g canjxkg ikfdLrku ds Xoknj canjxkg dk ,d j.kuhfrd tokc gS] tks mlls 100 fdyksehVj nwj gS vkSj phu }kjk fodflr fd;k tk jgk gSA

�� f'k;k erkoyach bZjku dk •kM+h ds vU; lqUuh jktra=kksa ds lkFk fojksèk jgk gS vkSj bl lacaèk esa lÅnh vjc çeq• çfr}a}h gS ftlls •kM+h ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr vkSj vfèkd vfuf'pr gks xbZ gSA �� 'khr;q¼ ds nkSj esa Hkkjr lksfo;r la?k dk lg;ksxh Fkk tcfd •kM+h ns'k la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds leFkZd FksA fiNys ,d n'kd ls Hkkjr dwVuhfrd nf"V ls •kM+h ns'kksa esa rFkk •kM+h ns'kksa vkSj bZjku ds chp dh fLFkfr esa viuh fLFkfr tkuus ds fy;s cgqr dM+h esgur dj jgk gSA

fu"d"kZ

bl geys us bl {ks=k dh Hkwjktuhfr dks vkSj cny fn;k gS vkSj Hkkjr vc rVLFk ;k fuf"Ø; cus jgus dk fodYi ugha pqu ldrk gSA Hkkjr dks u dsoy vius fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy;s cfYd varjkZ"Vªh; eap ij lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds fy;s ,d Li"V fons'k uhfr rS;kj djus vkSj fdlh ,d xBcaèku dk p;u djus dh vko';drk gSA

Source: Times of India

x.kra= fnol ds eq[; vfrfFk

lanHkZ

�� izèkkuea=kh us o"kZ 2014 esa vius 'kiFk xzg.k lekjksg esa nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks=kh; lg;ksx laxBu (lkdZ) ds usrkvksa vkSj 2019 esa x.kra=k fnol

ds volj ij nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds laxBu (vkfl;ku) ds lHkh usrkvksa dks vkeaf=kr fd;k FkkA

�� o"kZ 2020 ds x.kra=k fnol ds volj ij czk”khy ds jk"Vªifr ts;j cksYlksukjks dks eq[; vfrfFk ds :i esa vkeaf=kr fd;k x;kA

izeq[k fcanq

�� Jh cksYlksukjks 'kL=k j•us ds leFkZd gSa] leySafxdksa ds fojksèkh gSa vkSj nf{k.kiaFkh iwoZ vkehZ dSIVu gSa tks 2018 esa lÙkk esa vk, FksA muds ç'kklu ds fu.kkZ;d igyw vesfjdk dh vksj e”kcwr >qdko vkSj ves”ku o"kkZouksa dks çHkkfor djus okyh gkfudkjd uhfr;k¡ jgh gSaA

�� czk”khy dks ,d çeq• xSj&ukVks lg;ksxh dk ntkZ fn;k x;k gS tks tkiku] b”kjkby vkSj nf{k.k dksfj;k tSls vesfjdk ds fudV lg;ksfx;ksa ds ikl gSA Jh cksYlksukjks us okf'kaxVu dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, vius b”kjkby nwrkokl dks ;s#'kye LFkkukarfjr dj fn;k gSA b”kjkby vkSj fiQfyLrhu ds chp bl 'kgj dks ysdj fookn gSA

�� ves”ku MsYVk ds ckjs esa mudh uhfr fofu;eu vkSj çorZu dks okil ysus dh jgh gS ftlls Ñf"k&O;olk;] •uu vkSj i'kqikyu ds fy;s Lons'kh yksxksa dh Hkwfe ds mi;ksx dks vklku cuk;k tk ldsA

�� muds jk"Vªifr&dk;Zdky esa ekjs x, v'osr vkSj Lons'kh yksxksa dh la[;k esa of¼ gqbZ gSA mudh ?kjsyw LohÑfr jsfVax (Domestic Approval Rating) dsoy 30% gSA

fczDl lewg ds Hkhrj vlarqyu

�� jk"Vªifr ds :i esa Jh cksYlksukjks ds •jkc fjdkWMZ ds vykok ,d cM+k loky czk”khy] :l] Hkkjr] phu vkSj nf{k.k vÚhdk ds lewg ^fczDl (BRICS) ds Hkfo"; ls tqM+k gSA bldh LFkkiuk cgqèkzqoh; fo'o dh vksj c<+us ds ,d dne ds :i esa dh xbZ Fkh_ blfy;s bldk foLrkj rhu egk}hiksa vkSj nksuksa xksyk¼ks± esa gSA

�� fczDl ns'kksa dk oSf'od mRiknu esa yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ ;ksxnku gS] ysfdu thMhih rkfydk vkSj fodkl nj ij ,d u”kj Mkyus ij bl lewg dh de”kksfj;k¡ fn•kbZ iM+saxh% thMhih ds ekeys esa phu nwljs LFkku ij gS_ Hkkjr ik¡pos_ czk”khy ukSosa_ :l 11osa vkSj nf{k.k vÚhdk 35osa LFkku ij gSA

�� fodkl nj ds ekeys esa phu 6% ij gS_ Hkkjr 4.5%] :l 1.7%, czk”khy 1.2% vkSj nf{k.k vÚhdk 0.1% ij gSA gky ds o"kks± esa czk”khy vkSj nf{k.k vÚhdk jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd nksuksa gh n`f"V ls ihNs jgs gSaA

�� ysfdu bu ik¡pksa ns'kksa ds usrk vHkh Hkh bl lewg dks ,dtqV j•us dks iQk;nsean ekurs gSaA bl lewg ds çR;sd ns'k dh vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd fLFkfr vyx&vyx gS rFkk ?kjsyw vkSj cká eqíksa dk vyx&vyx cks> gSA

varjkZ"Vªh; laca/k rFkk 'kklu O;oLFkk

�� tSls&tSlsfo'otyok;qifjorZudsladViw.kZeksM+ijigq¡pjgkgS]vfèkdka'kyksxvarr%vkewypwyifjorZudhvko';drkgsrqtkx:dgksjgsgSaAtyok;qifjorZudklkeukdjusdsfy;slkekU;uhfr;kasdslkFk,duSfrdn`f"V]BkslfoKkuvkSjmEnkvkfFkZduhfr;ksadhvko';drkgSAburhuksaesalsfdlh,ddhvuqifLFkfrHkhgekjsiz;kldksvliQycuknsxhA

�� tyok;qifjorZulsfuiVusdsfy;s,duSfrdn`f"Vdh”k:jrgS]tksxjhcksavkSjHkkohihf<+;ksaijtyok;qifjorZulsiM+usokysxaHkhjifj.kkekasijfopkjdjsAbleasdksbZnksjk;ughagSfdtyok;qifjorZudklclscqjkçHkkoxjhcksaijgksxk]vehjksaijughaAtcfdvehjksadsèkulsghoSf'odtyok;qifjorZudsifj.kkeksadkmi'keufd;ktkldrkgSA,dmnkjoknhn`f"V]ftlesaçR;sdO;fDrviukykHkpkgrkgS]lsfdlhdkykHkughagksxkAlk>kcsgrjhdsfy;slk>kç;klvkSjlk>kR;kxdhvko';drkgSA

uSfrd n`f"V

�� tyok;qlEesyudsfy;sviusohfM;kslans'kesaiksiÚk¡fllusdgkFkkfdtyok;qifjorZudhleL;kuSfrdrk]lerkvkSjlkekftdU;k;dseqíksalslacafèkrgSAgesabZekunkjh]mÙkjnkf;RovkSjlkgldslkFkviuhcqf¼eÙkkdksnwljsçdkjdhçxfrdhlsokesayxkukgksxkA,slhçxfr]tksLokLF;djgks]vfèkdekuoh;gks]vfèkdlkekftdgks]vfèkdlR;fu"B gks] ekuoek=kdhlsok esavFkZO;oLFkkdksçfr"Bkfirdjus]'kkafrfuekZ.kvkSji;kZoj.kdhlqj{kkdjusesal{kegksA

�� fo'oO;kihNk=kgM+rkydhusrkxzsVkFkucxZus;w,uesa,df=krusrkvksadkslacksfèkrdjrsgq,blhuSfrdcksèkdkçfrfufèkRofd;k]tcmUgksausdgk]¶vxjvkiusokLroesafLFkfrdksle>kvkSjrcHkhdkjZokbZdjuslspwds]rks fiQjvkicqjsgksaxsvkSjeSablijfo'okldjuslsbudkjdjrhgw¡A¸

�� fdarqtyok;qladVdksudsoyuSfrdnf"Vdh”k:jrgScfYd,dèkkfeZdnf"VdhHkhvko';drkgSAiwjsekuobfrgkldsnkSjkuèkeZus]dbZckjcqjhfdarqdbZckjvPNh]vlkèkkj.kph”ksadjusdsfy;syksxksadksçsfjrfd;kgSA;wjksidseq[;fxjtk?kjksadkfuekZ.kmuyksxksa}kjkvkjaHkfd;kx;ktksmUgsadHkhiwjkgksrsughans•ik,AvkifcukèkkfeZdizsj.kkdsyksxksadks,slsHkoudsfuekZ.kdk;Zdsfy;siQkoM+kmBkusgsrqdSlsçsfjrdjsaxs]tks'krkfCn;ksardiwjkughagksxk\

èkkfeZd n`f"V

�� iksiÚk¡fll]vkWFkkZsMksDlbZlkbZppZdslkoZnsf'kdfirkegckFkkZsyksehÅ]nykbZykekvkSjvU;èkkfeZdusrkviusvuq;kf;;ksadks,d,slhèkkfeZdn`f"V]tkstyok;qifjorZudklkeukdjusdksçfrc¼gS]

dslkFkusr`Roçnkudjusdkç;kldjjgsgSaAmudklans'kgSfdvxji`FohbZ'ojdhltZukgS]rksbldkxyriQk;nkmBkukbZ'ojdsfo#¼vijkèkgSAvxji`Foh,d,slhçfrekgStgk¡gebZ'ojdk:ins•ldrsgSa]rksbldkfo:i.kdjukikigSAvxjgelcbZ'ojdhlarkugSarksgesa,d&nwljsdksuqdlkulsvo';cpkukpkfg;sAvxjvkioSf'odrkio`f¼esa;ksxnkunsrsgSa rksvkidksvo';ujddhvkxesa>ksadktk,xkA

oSKkfud n`f"V

�� BkslfoKkudsfcuk,duSfrdvkSjèkkfeZdn`f"Vvi;kZIrgSAfoKkugesa crkrk gS fd oSf'od rkio`f¼dk D;kdkj.k gS& ekuoh;xfrfofèk;ksa}kjkl`ftrCO2vkSjvU;xzhugkmlxSlsaAfoKkugesacrkrkgSfdoSf'odrkio`f¼dkD;kçHkkogksxk&fgekfu;ksadkfi?kyukvkSjc<+rkleqæhtyLrj]fi?kyrsXysf'k;jvkSjekSleç.kkyh,oatykiwfrZesavojksèk]Ñf"kesavojksèkrFkki'kqvksa]ikniksavkSjdhVksadhdjksM+ksaçtkfr;ksadk•kRekA

�� la;qDrjk"Vªfo'oekSlelaxBu}kjkladfyrtyok;qifjorZuijv|rufjiksVZdsvuqlkj]^O;kidvkSjnh?kZ&çHkkohxeZgok,¡(yw)]vfXurFkk fouk'kdkjh?kVukvksauslkekftd&vkfFkZdfodklvkSji;kZoj.kijcM+kçHkkoMkykgSA*

�� foKkuudsoygesa;gcrkrkgSfdleL;k,¡fdruhxaHkhjgSa]cfYdgesabuleL;kvkasdksBhddjusdhjkgHkhfn•krkgSAgedSls;k=kkdjrsgSa]dSls•srhdjrsgSavkSjD;kmiHkksxdjrsgSa]buesaifjorZudjdscnykoyk;ktkldrkgSAoSKkfudvuqlaèkku,slsu,lekèkkuHkh•kstldrkgS]ftudsckjsesageuslkspkrdughagSA

vkfFkZd uhfr;k¡

�� uSfrdrkvkSjfoKkui;kZIrughagksaxsvxjfo'odhvFkZO;oLFkkxyrfn'kkesatkjghgksAgesacsgrjvkfFkZduhfr;ksadh”k:jrgSAdjvkSjfofu;keduhfr;k¡vcHkhdkcZu&vkèkkfjrvFkZO;oLFkkdkslfClMhçnkudjrhgSaArsy]xSlvkSjdks;ykykWchbulfClfM;ksadhlaj{kkdjrhgStksthok'ebZaèkuksadh•irdksçksRlkfgrdjrhgSaAvFkZ'kkL=khgesacrkrsgSafdoSf'odrkio`f¼dksèkhekdjusdhJs"BjkgdkcZuijdjyxkukgSA;glaiw.kZvFkZO;oLFkkesaladsrHkstsxkfdthok'ebZaèkuksadh•irdedjukgekjsfoÙkh;fgresagSAlqfu;ksftrdkcZudjokLroesadkcZumRltZudedjusdslkFkgSA;gukSdfj;ksavkSjldy?kjsywmRiknesac<+ksrjhdjldrkgSA

�� vxjgesaviuhHkkohihf<+;ksavkSji`FohdksrckghlscpkukgSrks,duSfrdn`f"V]BkslfoKkuvkSjcsgrjvkfFkZduhfr;k¡vko';dgSaA

Source: Santa Clara University��

,fFkDl

i`Foh dks cpkus ds fy;s gesa vkLFkk] uSfrdrk] foKku vkSj vFkZ'kkL= dh T+k:jr gSA

QSDV'khV

oSf'od vlekurk ij vkWDlQSe dh fjiksVZ&2020

�� varjkZ"Vªh; xSj&ykHkdkjh laxBu vkWDliQSe (Oxfam) }kjk çdkf'kr fjiksVZ ^Vkbe Vw ds;j% vuisM ,aM vaMjisM ds;j odZ ,aM Xykscy bubDofyVh Økbfll (Time to Care: Unpaid and Underpaid Care Work and the Global Inequality Crisis)* ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr dh 'kh"kZ 10% tula[;k ds ikl oqQy jk"Vªh; laifÙk dk 74.3% gSA

�� Hkkjr dh 'kh"kZ 1% tula[;k oqQy jk"Vªh; laifÙk dk 42.5% j[krh gS tcfd fupyh 50% tula[;k ds ikl jk"Vªh; laifÙk dk dsoy 2.8% gSA

�� Hkkjr ds lcls vehj 1% yksxksa ds ikl fupyh 70% vkcknh vFkkZr~ 953 fefy;u yksxksa ls pkj xquk vfèkd laifÙk gSA

�� fupyh 90% tula[;k ds ikl jk"Vªh; laifÙk dk dsoy 25.7% gSA Hkkjr ds 9 [kjcifr;ksa dh laifÙk fupyh 50% tula[;k dh laifÙk ds cjkcj gSA

oSf'od Lrj ij vlekurk

�� o"kZ 2019 esa nqfu;k esa 2,153 yksx vjcifr Fks] muds ikl 4.6 fcfy;u yksxksa ls vfèkd laifÙk gSA

�� nqfu;k ds 22 lcls vehj iq#"kksa ds ikl vÚhdk dh lHkh efgykvksa dh laifÙk dh rqyuk esa vfèkd laifÙk gSA

�� nqfu;k ds lcls vehj 1% yksxksa ds ikl 6.9 fcfy;u yksxksa dh rqyuk esa nksxquh ls vfèkd laifÙk gSA

�� ;fn çR;sd O;fDr 100 MkWyj ds uksVksa esa tek fd;s x, vius èku ij cSBs] rks ”;knkrj yksx iQ'kZ ij cSBs gksaxs_ ,d vehj ns'k ds eè;e oxZ dk O;fDr dqlhZ dh Å¡pkbZ ij gksxk_ vkSj nqfu;k ds nks lcls vehj vkneh cká varfj{k esa cSBs u”kj vk,axsA

�� vxys 10 o"kks± esa lcls vehj 1% yksxksa dh laifÙk ij vfrfjDr 0.5% dj yxkdj f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj cq”kqxZ ns•Hkky vkfn {ks=kksa esa 117 fefy;u yksxksa ds fy;s ukSdfj;ksa dk l`tu fd;k tk ldrk gSA

�� o"kZ 2011 ls 2017 ds chp th-7 ns'kksa esa vkSlr e”knwjh 3% c<+h] tcfd vehj 'ks;jèkkjdksa ds ykHkka'k esa 31% dh o`f¼ ns•h xbZ gSA

iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa yM+fd;ksa vkSj efgykvksa dh fLFkfr

�� oSf'od Lrj ij iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa efgykvksa dh pje xjhch nj 4% vfèkd gSA efgykvksa dh pje mRiknd vkSj çtuu vk;q ds nkSjku ;g varj 22% rd c<+ tkrk gS_ ;gh dkj.k gS fd 25-34 o"kZ ds vk;q oxZ ds çR;sd 100 iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa mlh vk;q oxZ dh 122 efgyk,¡ csgn xjhc ifjokjksa esa jgrh gSa] bldk ,d cM+k dkj.k cPpksa dh ns•Hkky lacaèkh f”kEesnkfj;k¡ gSaA

�� oSf'od Lrj ij 15 o"kZ vkSj mlls vfèkd mez dh efgykvksa ds voSrfud ns•Hkky dk;Z dk vuqekfur U;wure okf"kZd ekSfæd ewY; 10.8 fVªfy;u MkWyj ds cjkcj gS & ;g nqfu;k ds rduhdh m|ksx ds vkdkj dk rhu xquk gSA�� nqfu;k Hkj esa Ng çfr'kr iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa dk;Z'khy vk;q dh 42 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ voSrfud ns•Hkky lacaèkh f”kEesnkfj;ksa ds dkj.k oSrfud Je cy ls ckgj jg tkrh gSaA �� nqfu;k Hkj esa vuqekfur 67 fefy;u ?kjsyw Jfedksa esa ls 80% efgyk,¡ gSaA vuqekfur :i ls 90% ?kjsyw Jfedksa dh ekr`Ro laj{k.k vkSj ykHk tSlh lkekftd lqj{kk rd dksbZ igq¡p ugha gSA

Hkkjr esa efgyk vlekurk

�� oYMZ bdksukWfed iQksje ds Xykscy tsaMj xSi 2020 ds vuqlkj Hkkjr dk LFkku 153 ns'kksa esa 112ok¡ jgk gSA�� oYMZ cSad ds vuqlkj efgyk Je lgHkkfxrk nj (FLFPR) esa Hkkjr dsoy 9 ns'kksa ls mQij gS] ;s ns'k gSa& bftIV] eksjDdks] lksekfy;k] bZjku] vYthfj;k] tkWMZu] bjkd] lhfj;k rFkk ;euA�� ,u,l,lvks }kjk tkjh vkofèkd Je cy losZ{k.k (PLFS) ds vuqlkj

2017-18 esa Je cy esa efgykvksa dh lgHkkfxrk dsoy 23.3% Fkh tks n'kkZrk gS fd 15 o"kZ ls mQij dh efgykvksa esa ls 4 esa ls 3 efgyk,¡ u rks dk;Z'khy gSa vkSj u gh dk;Z dh ryk'k esa gaSA�� IMF rFkk oYMZ bdksukWfed iQksje ds vuqlkj Je cy esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kdj Hkkjr dh thMhih esa 27% rd dh o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gSA�� ILO ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr dh efgyk,¡ vkSlr :i ls izfrfnu 297 feuV voSrfud dk;Z djrh gSa tcfd iqjQ"k voSrfud dk;ks± ij dsoy 31 feuV [kpZ djrs gSaA bu voSrfud dk;ks± dk vkdyu thMhih dk 3.5% (3.1% efgykvksa ds fy;s rFkk 0.4% iqjQ"kksa ds fy;s) gSA

oSf'od Hkz"Vkpkj cks/k lwpdkad-2019 (Corruption Perception Index-2019)

�� Vªkalisjsalh baVjus'kuy }kjk tkjh] Hkz"Vkpkj cksèk lwpdkad (CPI-2019) ds vuqlkj Hkz"Vkpkj ds izfr laosnu ds ekeys esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 80ok¡ gS tcfd o"kZ 2018 esa ;g 78osa LFkku ij FkkA

�� Hkkjr dks Hkz"Vkpkj cksèk ds fy;s 100 esa ls 41 vad çkIr gq, gSa tks o"kZ 2018 ds vadksa ds cjkcj gSA

�� fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjr vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k tSls yksdra=kksa esa vuqfpr vkSj vikjn'khZ jktuhfrd foÙkiks"k.k (Unfair and Opaque Political Financing)] fu.kZ; ysus esa vuqfpr çHkko (Undue Influence in Decision-Making) vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh dkWikZsjsV fgr lewgksa }kjk iSjoh djus ds ifj.kkeLo:i Hkz"Vkpkj ds fu;a=k.k esa Bgjko ;k fxjkoV vkbZ gSA

egÙoiw.kZ fjiksVZ] losZ{k.k] 'kks/k rFkk lwpdkadksa ij vk/kkfjr

fuca/k izfr;ksfxrkfiz; ikBdks]

bl izfr;ksfxrk ds varxZr fucaèk dk ,d fo"k; fn;k tkrk gSA vki bl fo"k; ij vfèkdre 1500 'kCnksa esa fucaèk Vkbi djkdj fuèkkZfjr frfFk rd gesa Hkst ldrs gSaA vkids izksRlkgu ds fy;s ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dh rjiQ ls iqjLdkj dk izkoèkku Hkh fd;k x;k gS ftlds varxZr izFke rhu fotsrkvksa dks ozQe'k% ,d lky] 9 eghus ,oa 6 eghus rd ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* if=kdk fu%'kqYd Hksth tk,xhA

izfr;ksfxrk ds lacaèk easa egÙoiw.kZ tkudkfj;k¡ bl izdkj gSa&

fucaèk izfr;ksfxrk Øekad&56

fo"k;% U;k; esa foyac njvly vU;k; gSA

çfr;ksfxrk ds fu;e%

1- fucaèk vfèkdre 1500 'kCnksa esa gh gksuk pkfg;sA 2- fucaèk eqfnzr (Vkbi) djkdj gh HkstsaA è;ku j[ksa fd gLrfyf[kr fucaèk Lohdkj ugha fd;s tk,axsA fiNyh izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa ns[kus esa

vk;k gS fd dqN izfrHkkfx;ksa ds fopkj rks vPNs gksrs gSa ijarq muesa 'kkfCnd v'kqf¼;k¡ izpqj ek=kk esa gksrh gSaA vkils fuosnu gS fd bldk è;ku j[ksaA fucaèkksa ds ewY;kadu esa bldk Hkh è;ku j[kk tkrk gSA

3- fucaèk dh izfof"V fn;s x, irs ij jftLVMZ Mkd }kjk gh HkstsaA izfof"V Hkstus dk irk gS& dk;Zdkjh laiknd] n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs] 641] izFke ry] MkW- eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh&110009- fyiQkiQs ds Åij ^fucaèk çfr;ksfxrk ds fy;s çfof"V* ”k:j fy[ksaA

4- fucaèk dh Hkk"kk fganh rFkk fyfi nsoukxjh gksuh pkfg;sA 5- viuh izfof"V ds lkFk blh i`"B ij fn;s x, iQkWeZ esa viuk O;fDrxr ifjp; fy[kdj vo'; HkstsaA è;ku j[ksa fd bl iQkWeZ ds fcuk

Hksts x, fdlh vkosnu dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA 6- vkidh çfof"V 20 ekpZ] 2020 rd igq¡p tkuh pkfg;sA mlds ckn igq¡pus okyh izfof"V;kasa ij fopkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA çfr;ksfxrk

dk ifj.kke ebZ vad esa çdkf'kr gksxkA 7- vkids fopkj ekSfyd gksus pkfg;sA fdlh Hkh :i esa iwoZ&izdkf'kr o iqjLÑr fucaèkksa ij fopkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA 8- fucaèk ds ifj.kke ds lacaèk esa lokZfèkdkj ^n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* ds ikl lqjf{kr gSaA iqjLdkj fotsrkvkasa ds uke if=kdk ds vkxkeh

vad esa izdkf'kr fd;s tk,axs vkSj bldh lwpuk fn;s x, VsyhiQksu uacj ij Hkh vkidks ns nh tk,xhA izfr;ksfxrk ds ifj.kke ds lanHkZ esa fdlh Hkh fdLe dk i=kkpkj vFkok VsyhiQksu u djsaA

uksV% tks çfrHkkxh fucaèk çfr;ksfxrk gsrq çFke] f}rh; vkSj r`rh; esa ls dksbZ Hkh iqjLdkj çkIr dj pqds gSa mudh çfof"V;ksa ij ml vad ls ysdj vxys ,d o"kZ ds vad rd dksbZ fopkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA

fucaèk izfr;ksfxrk Øekad&54 ds lHkh fotsrkvksa dks n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs* dh rjiQ ls <sjksa cèkkb;k¡A izFke rhu fotsrkvksa ds uke bl izdkj gSa&

izFke iqjLdkj& izR;q"k oqQekj (osLV fouksn uxj] fnYyh)_ f}rh; iqjLdkj& nhid oqQekj f=kikBh (o”khjkckn xk¡o] fnYyh)_ r`rh; iqjLdkj& ,s'o;kZ Hkkjrh (Nijk] fcgkj)A

fucaèk çfr;ksfxrk dk iQkWeZ

(Ñi;k bl iQkWeZ dks iQkM+dj vius fucaèk ds lkFk layXu djsaA ewy iQkWeZ gh Hkstsa] iQksVksdkWih ughaA)

izfrHkkxh dk uke --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eksckby uacj ----------------------------------

i=kkpkj gsrq irk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

bZ&esy irk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

laHkkfor iz'u&mÙkj

laHkkfor iz'u&mÙkjdjsaV vQs;lZ ls tqM+s

(eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s)

vk/kqfud Hkkjr

iz'u% egkRek xkaèkh vkSj MkW- Hkhejko vacsMdj ds chp gq, iwuk le>kSrs ds izeq[k fcanqvksa dk mYys[k djsaA

mÙkj% fczfV'k lÙkk us o"kZ 1932 esa] o"kZ 1909 ds Hkkjr vfèkfu;e esa eqfLyeksa ds fy;s dh xbZ iFkd~ fuokZpu O;oLFkk ds leku gh] nfyrksa ds fy;s Hkh iFkd~~ fuokZpu eaMy dh O;oLFkk dk fu.kZ; fy;kA bls vkèkqfud Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa lkaiznkf;d fu.kZ; ds 'kh"kZd ls js[kkafdr fd;k tkrk gSA MkW- Hkhejko vacsMdj nfyrksa ds fy;s iFkd~ fuokZpu eaMy dh O;oLFkk ds leFkZd FksA fdarq egkRek xkaèkh }kjk bl fu.kZ; dks vaxzs”kksa }kjk Hkkjrh;ksa dh lkekftd ,drk dks fo[kafMr djus ds iz;kl ds :i esa crkdj bldk iqj”kksj fojksèk fd;k x;kA blds fojksèk esa egkRek xkaèkh us iwuk tsy esa gh vkej.k vu'ku 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA varr% Lokèkhurk vkanksyu ds dbZ usrkvksa ds iz;klksa ds iQyLo:i 24 flracj] 1932 dks iwuk esa xkaèkhth vkSj vacsMdj ds chp iwuk le>kSrk gqvkA bl le>kSrs ds izeq[k fcanq fuEufyf[kr gSa&�� nfyr oxZ ds fy;s i`Fkd~ fuokZpd eaMy dh O;oLFkk lekIr rFkk O;oLFkkfidk lHkk esa muds fy;s fganqvksa ds varxZr gh LFkku vkjf{kr dj fn;s x,A�� izkarh; foèkkueaMyksa esa nfyrksa dh lqjf{kr lhVksa dh la[;k 71 ls c<+kdj 147 dj nh xbZA�� dsanzh; foèkkueaMy esa nfyrksa ds fy;s vkjf{kr lhVksa esa 18 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZA�� nfyr oxZ dks lkoZtfud lsokvksa rFkk LFkkuh; laLFkkvksa esa mudh 'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk ds vkèkkj ij mfpr izfrfufèkRo nsus dh ckr dgh xbZA

lkekftd eqís

iz'u% gky ds o"kks± esa Hkkjr esa vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds fodkl esa rs”kh ns[kh tk jgh gSA blds dkj.kksa ij fopkj djrs gq, vkWuykbu

f'k{kk ds lEeq[k fo|eku pqukSfr;ksa dh ppkZ djsaA

mÙkj% eYVhus'kuy izksisQ'kuy lfoZl usVooZQ dsih,eth vkSj xwxy dh ,d fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd] Hkkjr dk vkWuykbu f'k{kk ck”kkj o"kZ 2016 ds 1.6 fefy;u mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa rFkk 247 fefy;u vesfjdh MkWyj ls c<+dj o"kZ 2021 rd 9.6 fefy;u mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa rFkk 1.9 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj rd igq¡p ldrk gSA ;g rF; Hkkjr esa vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds rhoz fodkl dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA

�� Hkkjr dh ikjaifjd f'k{kk iz.kkyh ck”kkj dh ekax ds vuq:i ugha gS rFkk dkS'ky fodkl ck”kkj dks lsok,¡ iznku djus esa l{ke ugha gSA ,sls esa Nk=k vkSj Nk=kk,¡ oSdfYid lzksrksa dh vksj mUeq[k gSaA

�� Hkkjr esa LekVZiQksu mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa rFkk baVjusV lsokvksa ds izlkj esa rhoz of¼ ntZ dh xbZ gSA blls vkWuykbu f'k{kk dks c<+kok fey jgk gSA

�� ljdkj ds Lrj ij dh xbZ bZ&cLrk] Lo;a] jk"Vªh; ekè;fed f'k{kk vfHk;ku] ih,e fn'kk] fLdy bafM;k rFkk fMftVy Hkkjr tSlh fMftVy igysa f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa gsrq vkWuykbu f'k{kk ds fy;s vko';d volajpuk dk fuekZ.k dj jgh gSaA blls vkWuykbu f'k{kk dh ig¡qp dk foLrkj gks jgk gSA

�� vkWuykbu f'k{kk iznkrk ck”kkj dh ekax ds vuq:i jks”kxkjijd f'k{kk eqgS;k djk jgs gSaA ,sls esa jks”kxkj izkfIr dh vfèkd laHkkouk dks ns[krs gq, f'k{kkFkhZ vkWuykbu f'k{kk IysViQkWeZ ls rs”kh ls tqM+ jgs gSaA

�� vkWuykbu f'k{kk IysViQkWElZ }kjk iznku dh tk jgh f'k{kk vkWiQykbu f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh vis{kk vfèkd xq.koÙkkijd gSA

�� vkWuykbu f'k{kk dh de ykxr Hkh bldh c<+rh yksdfiz;rk dk ,d dkj.k gSA

pqukSfr;k¡

�� baVjusV ds ekè;e ls miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh f'k{kk esa lkefxz;ksa dh cgqyrk gSA ,sls esa ykHkijd f'k{k.k lkexzh dh [kkst ,d nq"dj dk;Z gSA

�� ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa vHkh Hkh baVjusV lqfoèkk,¡ ;k rks miyCèk ugha gSa ;k mUur ugha gSaA ,sls esa ;g lcdh ig¡qp ls vHkh ckgj gSA

�� fofu;eu ds lqn`<+ <k¡ps ds vHkko ds dkj.k bldh izkekf.kdrk lacaèkh pqukSrh cjdjkj gSA

�� vkWuykbu f'k{kk f'k{kkFkhZ dks d{kk esa izkIr O;kogkfjd vuqHko o lewg f'k{k.k] O;kogkfjd dkS'ky vkfn ls oafpr djrh gSA

iz'u% gky gh eas laln }kjk ikl fd;s x, VªkaltsaMj O;fDr (vfèkdkjkas dk laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 2019 ds izeq[k izkoèkkuksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, blls lacafèkr eqíkas dh iM+rky djsaA

mÙkj% VªkaltsaMj O;fDr;kas dks lkekftd cfg"dkj] HksnHkko o fgalk ls cpkus vkSj mudk dY;k.k lqfuf'pr djus gsrq gky gh esa laln }kjk VªkaltsaMj O;fDr (vfèkdkjkas dk laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 2019 ikl fd;k x;k gSA blds izeq[k izkoèkku fuEufyf[kr gSa&�� bl vfèkfu;e dh lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd blesa VªkaltsaMj dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj VªkaltsaMj os gSa] ftudk fyax tUe ds le; fuèkkZfjr fyax ls esy ugha [kkrk gSA bl Js.kh eas VªkaltsaMj iq#"k] VªkaltsaMj efgyk,¡] eè;fyaxh fHkUurkvkas okys O;fDr] leySafxd rFkk fdUuj o fgtM+k tSls lkekftd lkaLÑfrd igpku okys O;fDr lfEefyr fd;s x, gSaA

�� bl vfèkfu;e ds varxZr VªkaltsaMj O;fDr ds fo#¼ vkB izdkj ds HksnHkko dks fuf"k¼ fd;k x;k gS&

lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=&1

[kaM la;kstu& 'kf'k Hkw"k.k (foosd jkgh)

lkekU; vè;;u ds VkWfiDl ij lVhd o fcanqokj lkexzh ekbaM eSi

ekbaM eSilkekU; vè;;u ds VkWfiDl ij lVhd o fcanqokj lkexzh

lkekU; vè;;u ds VkWfiDl ij lVhd o fcanqokj lkexzhekbaM eSi

vH;kl iz'u

1.fuEufyf[kr dFkukas ij fopkj dhft;s% 1. panzekdhèkjrhdksNwusokykHkkjrdkigykfe'kupanz;ku&2

2. bljks}kjkpanz;ku&2fe'kudhySa¯Mxpanzekdsnf{k.khèkzqoijdjusdh;kstukFkhA

mi;qZDresalsdkSu&lk@lsdFkulghgS@gSa\

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2 (c) 1vkSj2nksukas (d) urks1vkSjugh2 2.xzke ekufp=k ,i ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls

dFku lgh gS@gSa\ 1.blsjk"Vªh;lwpukfodkldasnz(NIC) }kjkfodflrfd;kx;k

2.blsekuolalkèkufodklea=kky;}kjk'kq:fd;kx;kgSA

3. ;giapk;rkasdsfy;s,d,dhÑrHkw&LFkkfud(Geo Spatial)vkèkkfjrfu.kZ;leFkZuiz.kkyhgSA

uhpsfn;sx,dwVdkiz;ksxdjlghmÙkjdkpqukodhft;s%

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj3 (c) dsoy1vkSj3 (d) 1, 2vkSj3 3.mEehn (UMMID) igy ds lanHkZ eas fuEufyf[kr dFkukas ij

fopkj dhft;s% 1. fpfdRldkasdseè;vkuqoaf'kdfodkjkasdsckjsesatkx:drk

dkizlkjdjukA

2. bligydh'kq#vkrtSo&izkS|ksfxdhfoHkkx}kjkdhxbZgSA

mi;qZDresalsdkSu&lk@lsdFkurdZlaxrizrhrgksrsgS@gSa\

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2 (c) 1 vkSj2 nksukas (d) urks1vkSjugh2 4.oSf'od vkfFkZd laHkkouk fjiksVZ] 2020 (Global Economic

Prospects Report-2020) fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl laxBu }kjk tkjh dh xbZ gS\

(a) fo'ocSad (b) varjkZ"Vªh;eqnzkdks"k

(c) fo'ovkfFkZdeap

(d) mi;qZDresalsdksbZugha

5.Hkkjrh; lkbcj vijkèk leUo; dsanz (I4C) Hkkjr ds fdl 'kgj esa vofLFkr gS\

(a) psUubZ (b) caxyw: (c) gSnjkckn (d) ubZfnYyh 6.dksjksuk okbjl (Corona Virus) ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkukas

ij fopkj dhft;s%

1.;gokbjldh,dubZiztkfrgSA

2.;gokbjlxaHkhj'olurFkkvk¡rksadhchekfj;kasdkdkj.kculdrkgSA

3.bllsdsoyeuq";ghlaØfergksrsgSaA

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2 vkSj3 (c) dsoy1 vkSj2 (d) 1, 2 vkSj3 7.fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%

1. Hkkjrdseq[;U;k;kèkh'k(CJI)dkdk;Zdkylwpukdsvfèkdkjvfèkfu;edsvarxZr,dlkoZtfudizkfèkdj.kgSA

2. lwpukdsvfèkdkj(RTI)vfèkfu;edhèkkjk8(1)(J)esablckrdkf”kØfd;kx;kgSfdO;fDrxrlwpuk]ftldkfdlhHkhyksdfØ;kdykilslacaèkughagSvFkokftldhotglsO;fDrdhfutrkdkvuqfprvfrØe.kgksldrkgS],slhlwpukdsoyrHkhlkoZtfuddhtkldrhgStcfdvihyh;izkfèkdkjhlarq"Vgkstk,fdO;kidyksdfgresa,slhlwpukdkizdVhdj.kmfprgSA

mi;qZDresalsdkSu&lk@lsdFkulR;gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2 (c) 1 vkSj2 nksukas (d) urks1 vkSjugh2 8.H9N2 ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkukas ij fopkj dhft;s%

1.;gbuÝyq,a”kkAokbjldk,dmiizdkjgStksfdeuq";esacMZÝywvkSjbuÝyq,a”kk(Infulenza) dslaØe.kdkdkj.kcurkgSA

2.HkkjrdsiksYVªhiQkWeZesa blokbjldksigyhckjtuojh2020esans[kkx;kA

mi;qZDresalsdkSu&lk@lsdFkuvlR;gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2 (c) 1 vkSj2 nksukas (d) urks1 vkSjugh2

ij vkèkkfjr fizfyEl vH;kl iz'u

ekufp=ksatk¡fp;s fd D;k vki bu uD'kksa esa

kM+hdhig

tksnqfu;

ynL;qr

)dsaæ

mHkjhg

hykdsi

klfLFkrTokykeq•hdhig

foLiQksV

gqvkgSA

tgk¡c

kaXykns'kjksfg

aX;kvksadkscl

kjgkgSA

hjk"Vªh;

,yihthlao/

Zuuhfrd

ksykxwd

kekaxhg

5.bjkd

uLFkkuksadhig

tksvDl

kpkjksae

safn•

srsgSaA

6.phul

stqM+s

}hiksad

hft;sA

=k ds m

Ùkj ist

ij ns[

ls lh[ksajs[kkafdr LFkkuksa dks igpkurs gSa\

ekufp=&2 (Hkkjr)

1- es?kky;esafLFkrck;ksLiQh;jfj”koZdhigpkudhft;sA 2. HkkjrvkSjphudkstksM+usokysnjZsdhigpkudhft;sA 3. bljks}kjkviusekuovarfj{kmM+kudsaæ(Human Space Flight Centre, HSFC)dsfy;sp;furLFkkudhigpkudhft;sA 4. ml'kgjdhigpkudhft;stgk¡feyu2020lSU;vH;klvk;ksftrfd;ktk,xkA 5. HkkjrdslclscM+sÑf=ke}hidhigpkudhft;sA 6. mlnjZsdhigpkudhft;sftllsgksdjvVyfcgkjhoktis;hlqjaxdkfuekZ.kfd;ktkukgSA (bl ekufp=k ds mÙkj ist&205 ij ns[ksa)

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ij fo'ks"k lkexzh

VkjxsV fizfyEl&2020

pkSFkh dM+h

fç; vH;fFkZ;ks]

^lqijQkLV fjohT+ku* dh pkSFkh dM+h esa ge

^foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh* [kaM ij lkexzh ns jgs gSaA

vki tkurs gh gSa fd ;g [kaM u dsoy vkbZ-,-

,l- çkjafHkd ijh{kk cfYd fofHkUu ih-lh-,l-

ijh{kkvksa ds fy;s Hkh vR;ar egÙo j[krk gSA

blh ckr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ge bl fo"k;

ij ljy] laf{kIr o fcanqokj lkexzh çLrqr dj

jgs gSaA gesa mEehn gS fd ;g lkexzh vkidh

rS;kjh dks lexzrk çnku djus esa lgk;d fl¼

gksxh rFkk vkidh lQyrk dks lqfuf'pr djsxhA

foKku ,oa

izkS|ksfxdh

vH;kl iz'u

1.fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% 1.gkyghesavarjkZ"Vªh;Mk;fcVh”kla?k(IDF)}kjktkjhfd;s

x,Mk;fcVh”k,VyldsukSosalaLdj.kesaHkkjrMk;fcVh”klsihfM+rejh”kksadhla[;kdsekeysesaphudscknnwljsLFkkuijjgkA

2.varjkZ"Vªh;Mk;fcVh”kla?k (IDF)168ns'kksavkSjizns'kksadsoqQy240jk"Vªh;Mk;fcVh”klaLFkkvksadk,dlaxBugSA

mi;qZDresalsdkSu&lk@lsdFkulghgS@gSa\ (a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2 (c) 1vkSj2nksuksa (d) urks 1vkSjugh2 2.DokaVe dEI;wfVax ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj

dhft;s% 1.blesalwpukvksadh,udksfMaxds fy;sD;wfcVdkbLrseky

fd;ktkrkgSA 2.DokaVedEI;wfVaxdsbysDVªkWufLiuvirFkkfLiuMkmunksuksa

djrsgSaA 3.;g,dfMªfLVªC;wVsMdEI;wfVaxiz.kkyhgStksfdykWUx:V

MsVklsaVj;kDykmMdhctk;u”knhdhusVooZQijdk;ZdjrhgSA

mi;qZDresalsdkSu&lk@lsdFkulghgS@gSa\ (a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy1 vkSj2 (c) dsoy1vkSj3 (d) 1, 2vkSj3 3.fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s% 1.LisDVªksLdksihizdk'kdksmlds?kVdrjaxnSè;ZesafoHkkftrdjus

lacaèkh,drduhdhgSA 2.blrduhdhdkbLrsekyfdlhHkkSfrdifj?kVukdsnkSjku

fudysmldso.kZozQeh;?kVdksadhigpku,oamldsi`Fkd~ekiudsfy;sfd;ktkrkgSA

mi;qZDresalsdkSu&lk@lsdFkulghgS@gSa\ (a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2 (c) 1 vkSj2nksuksa (d) urks 1 vkSjugh2 4.iQkLVSx (FASTag) ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj

dhft;s% 1.;g,dbysDVªkWfudVksydysD'kuiz.kkyhgSA 2.blsHkkjrdsjk"Vªh;gkbosizkfèkdj.k(NHAI)dsekè;els

lapkfyrfd;ktkrkgSA 3.;giz.kkyhjsfM;ksizQhDosalhvkbMsafVfiQds'ku(RFID)rduhdh

dsekè;elsdk;ZdjrhgSA

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2 vkSj3

(c) dsoy1vkSj3 (d) 1, 2vkSj3

5.vesfjdh varfj{k ,tsalh] uklk ds ikdZj lksyj izksc fe'ku ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku rdZlaxr izrhr ugha gksrs gS@gSa\

1. ;guklkdsfyfoaxfon~LVkjizksxzkedkfgLlkgSA

2. ;glw;Zdsdksjksukls fudyusokyhmQ"ekrFkkmQtkZdkvè;;udjsxkA

3. gkyk¡fd;glw;ZdsiklHkststkusokysekuofufeZrlkSjfe'kudkijh{k.krksughadjik,xkfdarq;glw;ZlslacafèkrO;kidtkudkfj;ksadks,df=krdji`FohijHkstusdkdk;ZdjsxkA

uhpsfn;sowQVdkiz;ksxdjlghmÙkjdkp;udhft;s%

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy3

(c) dsoy1 vkSj3 (d) 1]2vkSj3

6.fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldk lacaèk isQMksj (Fedor) ls gS\ (a) ;g:ldk,dáweSUokW;MjkscksVgSA

(b) varjkZ"Vªh;varfj{k,tsalh (ISS)ds fy;suklkvkSjtkDlk(Jaxa)dk,dla;qDrfe'kuA

(c) uklk}kjkrS;kjdhxbZ,djkscksfVddkjA

(d) mi;qZDresalsdksbZughaA

7.fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa ij fopkj dhft;s%

varfj{k esa Hksts x, áweSUokW;M jkscksV ns'k

1. isQMksj & :l

2. jkscksukWV&2 & uklk

3. fdjkscks & tkiku

mi;qZDresalsdkSu&lk@ls;qXelghlqesfyrgS@gSa\

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2vkSj3

(c) dsoy1 vkSj3 (d) 1]2vkSj3

8.fyfFk;e vk;u cSVjh ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%

1.;g,dfjpktsZcycSVjhgksrhgSA

2.gkyghesablcSVjhdsfodkldsfy;soSKkfudtkWuxqMbui+Q]LVsuyhfOgfVaxerFkkvdhjk;ksf'kuksdksla;qDr:ilsjlk;ufoKkuds{ks=kesaukscsyiqjLdkjlslEekfurfd;kx;kA

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh fo"k; ls lacafèkr fizfYkEl vH;kl iz'u&i=

^vkids i=*

eSa nf"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs dk foxr 2 o"kZ ls ikBd gw¡A bl if=kdk dks i<+us ls eSa Lo;a dks dkiQh v|frr ikrk gw¡] D;ksafd bl if=kdk esa çkjaHk ls var rd tks •aM fufgr gSa os ,d flfoy lfoZl ds vH;FkhZ dh lkjh ftKklkvksa dks 'kkar dj ikus esa l{ke gSaA fganh ekè;e esa igys ,d vuwBh çfrHkk dk vHkko Fkk] ogha ;g bl varj dks Hkjus esa l{ke gSA ^laiknd dh dye ls* •aM tks gesa lexz o larqfyr nf"Vdks.k çnku djus ds lkFk&lkFk ijh{kksi;ksxh lykg dks igq¡pkus dk dke djrk gSA ^VkWij ls ckrphr* ,d ,slk •aM gS fd dksbZ Hkh vH;FkhZ VkWilZ dh ckrksa dk vuqlj.k dj vius dWfj;j dks u bZ fn'kk ns ldrk gSA ys•&•aM ds }kjk gky&fiQygky ds pfpZr ,oa ijh{kksi;ksxh eqíksa ij lksp dk nk;jk fodflr gksdj ,d foLrr nf"Vdks.k curk gSA djsaV viQs;lZ tks fd bl ijh{kk ds fygk”k ls egÙoiw.kZ •aM gS dk ojh;rkuqlkj çLrqrhdj.k bls vuwBk cukrk gS rFkk lacafèkr fo"k; ds lHkh vk;keksa ls vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ifjfpr djk fn;k tkrk gSA ftLV* •aM tks ;kstuk] dq#{ks=k vkSj vU; egÙoiw.kZ if=kdkvksa dk lkj lekfgr fd;s gS blls gekjs le; vkSj èku dh Hkh cpr lqfuf'pr gksrh gSA blds vykok ^fucaèk* •aM tks gesa u, VkWfid çnku dj gekjh ys•u 'kSyh dks vkSj fu•kjrk gSA

^ekbaM eSi* •aM ls tgk¡ gesa fdlh Hkh fo"k; ds ckjs esa lkjh lwpuk,¡ vkSj rF; lqxe rjhds ls Lej.k iVy ij LFkk;h vkSj vfoLej.kh; gks tkrs gSaA ^ekufp=kksa ls lh•sa* •aM gekjh ekufp=k ij idM+ e”kcwr djus ds lkFk gh th,l ds fy;s dkiQh iQk;nsean gSA blds brj le;≤ ij ijh{kk&fo'ks"k lkefxz;k¡ jkspd rjhds ls çLrqr dh tkrh gSaA

&vfHk"ksd ;kno fcYgkSj] dkuiqj uxj (iqjLÑr i=k)

eSa n`f"V ^djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs* dk fiNys rhu o"kks± ls fu;fer ikBd jgk gw¡ vkSj ;g if=kdk u dsoy esjs lkekU; vè;;u dks v|ru j•us esa esjh Hkjiwj lgk;rk djrh gS vfirq fofHkUu uohu eqíksa ij laf{kIr uksV~l] ekbaM eSi vkfn ds ekè;e ls fDod fjoh”ku esa Hkh vR;ar ykHkdkjh gSA eq>s bl if=kdk dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ^fodkl lj* dk laikndh; i`"B yxrk gS ftldks i<+uk esjs fy;s lcls mRlkfgr djus okyk {k.k gksrk gS] tks u dsoy fofHkUu euksoSKkfud fo"k;ksa ij esjh le> dks fodflr djrk gS vfirq eq>s çsj.kk Hkh çnku djrk gSA &ydh dqekj] gkFkjl (mÙkj çns'k)

eSaus n`f"V dh djsaV visQ;lZ dh ekfld if=kdk igyh ckj gh i<+h gSA vkSj igyh ckj esa gh blesa bruk ”kcjnLr eSVj ik;k fd mls O;Dr djus ds fy;s esjs ikl 'kCn de iM+ x,A n`f"V Vhe dk cgqr&cgqr èkU;oknA

&iz'ku dqekj voLFkh

eSa bl eSx”khu dks nks lkyksa ls fu;fer i<+rk gw¡A VkWij ls ckrphr esa tks laokn fn;k tkrk gS blesa dbZ lkjs MkmV fDy;j gks tkrs gSaA laiknd dh dye ls i<+us ij ldkjkRed çHkko iM+rk gSA fganh ekè;e ls rS;kjh djus okys LVwMsaV dss lkeus vPNs ys• dh leL;k ges'kk na'k ekjrh gS ftlesa n`f"V eSx”khu dss vkys• •aM dk ljkguh; ;ksxnku jgrk gSA cgqr&cgqr lkèkqokn n`f"V Vksyh dksA &jksfgr iVsy] >k¡lh (UP)

eSa n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs dk vè;;u fiNys ,d o"kZ ls dj jgk gw¡A flfoy lsok ijh{kk dk orZeku nkSj djsaV viQs;lZ ij fuHkZjrk okyk gSA ,sls esa ijh{kk ds fy;s dbZ v•ckj o if=kdkvksa dk vè;;u djuk miyCèkrk o le; dh n`f"V ls nq"dj gS ijUrq n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs lHkh if=kdkvksa o lekpkj i=kksa ls vko';d •cjsa Lor% miyCèk djk nsrh gS tks ljkguh; gSA

&Jhèkj feJk xqtkSyh] cgjkbp] (mÙkj çns'k)

eSa n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs dk fiNys 3 o"kks± ls fu;fer ikBd gw¡A rS;kjh dh 'kq#vkr ls gh ;g eSx”khu cgqr mi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ gSA laiw.kZ flyscl dks doj djrs gq, bl eSx”khu esa ^laiknd dh dye* ls tks 'kCn fy•s tkrs gSa os cgqr gh çsj.kknk;d gksrs gaSA fnO;dhfrZ lj }kjk fy•k gqvk ,d&,d 'kCn ijh{kk ds nkSjku egÙo dk gksrk gSA &baænso ;kno

eSaus fucaèk izfr;ksfxrk esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj eq>s n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs dh ,d eSx”khu feyh ftls i<+dj eSa rS;kjh ds fy;s vkSj e”kcwr gks x;kA MkW- fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj ds ^laiknd dh dye ls* ys[k us vHkwriwoZ Nki NksM+h gS ftls i<+dj eu dh lkjh ijs'kkfu;k¡ nwj gks tkrh gSaA okLro esa n`f"V vkbZ-,-,l- tSlk vkSj dksbZ gks ugha ldrkA &eks- bejku

ge ç;kxjkt 'kk•k esa cSp 5 rFkk fganh lkfgR; vkSj Hkwxksy oSdfYid fo"k; ds fo|kFkhZ gSaA ge fiNys 6 ekg ls bl eSx”khu ds ikBd gSaA blesa n`f"V Vhe }kjk fyf•r vR;Ur lgt ys•ksa vkSj u, fopkjksa us gesa dkiQh eukscy ,oa mRlkg ds lkFk i<+kbZ djus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA

jksfgr dqekj iVsy] ckank (mÙkj çns'k)

fnfXot; flag ekS;Z] dk'khiqj (mÙkjk•aM)

eqds'k dqekj ;kno] t;iqj (jktLFkku)

'k'kkad lSuh] mUuko (mÙkj çns'k)

loZçFke eSa nf"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs Vhe* vkSj laiw.kZ nf"V Vhe dks lân; èkU;okn nsuk pkgrk gw¡A viuh uoçorZudkjh igy rFkk vkd"kZd :ijs•k ds ekè;e ls laiw.kZ ekfld ?kVukØe dks çLrqr djus ds lkFk&lkFk fganh ekè;e ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ,d meax vkSj mRlkgo¼Zu dh {kerk vf}rh; gSA

^laiknd dh dye ls* ,d ,slh uoçorZudjh igy gS tks mPp O;fDrRo ds lkFk&lkFk vkn'kZ u”kfj;s dks Hkh c<+krh gSA èkU;oknA

&vrqy iokj (bankSj] eè; çns'k)

n`f"V dh ekfld if=kdk gekjs vkn'kZ fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj ds vkn'kZ okD; ds lkFk 'kq: gksrh gSA blesa lekfgr •aM] tSls& djsaV viQs;lZ] ftLV vkSj VkjxsV tks vkids fçfyEl ds fy;s dkjxj lkfcr gksrs gSaA bldk ladfyr ys• •aM bls fopkj.kh; cukrk gSA fu%lansg ;g ekfld if=kdk vU; ekfld if=kdkvksa ls csgrj lkfcr gksrh gSA

&vejthr flag rksej (uqej] teqbZ)

^vkids i=*

eSa tqykbZ 2018 ds vad ls n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ dk fu;fer ikBd gw¡A

eSx”khu dkmaVj ls if=kdk çkIr djus ds lkFk ^laiknd dh dye ls* i<+s

fcuk eSa van:uh i`"Bksa ij vkxs c<+ gh ugha ikrk gw¡A blds ys• •aM] djsaV

viQs;lZ o ,fFkDl vuqHkkx ls xq.koÙkkiw.kZ rdks± vkSj lq>kokRed fopkjksa ds

ekè;e ls dsl LVMh esa fcanqvksa dks 'kkfey djus rFkk mÙkj ys•u ds fu"d"kks±

esa i{kksa dks lekfgr djus esa dkiQh ldkjkRed liQyrk feyhA blds vfrfjDr]

eSx”khu dh laiw.kZ lqLi"V fo"k;oLrq o fM”kkbu ^xkxj esa lkxj* ds leku gS

tks thou ,oa i<+kbZ ds vuqHkoksa ls ljksdkj djkrh gS vkSj blh dk ifj.kke

gS fd tc Hkh fe=k ;k lgikBh eq>ls iwNrs gS fd djsaV viQs;lZ dSls o dgk¡

ls doj dj jgk gS\ rks] tqcka is ,d gh uke& ^n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs*A

&'ksjflag eh.kk (jktLFkku) n`f"V dh iwjh Vhe dks gekjk ç.kkeA

eSa n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs dk 2017 ls fu;fer ikBd gw¡A ;g if=kdk i<+us okyksa ds fy;s vR;ar jQfpdj gSA tks yksx izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa dh rS;kjh dj jgs gSa muds fy;s rks ;g eSx”khu ,d gh IysViQkWeZ ij lkjh egÙoiw.kZ tkudkfj;k¡ MkVk lfgr miyCèk djkrh gh gS] lkFk gh ;g fganh ekè;e ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy;s jkeck.k fl¼ gks ldrh gSA blds vykok] ;g eSx”khu 'kkldh; lsodksa] tuizfrfufèk;ksa dks fo'ks"kdj i<+uh pkfg;s D;ksafd ;g mDr yksxksa dks o muds dke djus ds rjhds dks ”;knk izHkko'kkyh vkSj yksddY;k.kdkjh cuk ldrh gSA eSa 'kkldh; lsod gksrs gq, Hkh bl if=kdk dk fu;fer vè;;u djrk gw¡ vkSj Hkfo"; esa ,sls gh bl if=kdk ls fo'oluh; vkSj KkuoèkZd tkudkfj;k¡ izkIr djrk jgwaxkA

&èkesZUnz vVy] f”kyk& fHkaM (eè; izns'k)

eSa n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs dk tuojh 2019 ls fu;fer ikBd gw¡A ;g

fu%lansg fganh ekè;e dh flfoy lsok ds ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa gsrq loZJs"B ekfld

if=kdk gSA gj eghus dh 'kq#vkr esa blds u, vad o MkW- fodkl fnO;dhfrZ

lj ds ys• dk cslczh ls bar”kkj jgrk gSA n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs ij py

jgs ^VkjxsV fçfyEl 2020* ls fdlh fo"k; dh 'kq#vkr djus esa Hkh dksbZ

ijs'kkuh ugha gksrh gSA ^ftLV* i<+us ij dbZ i=k&if=kdkvksa ds lkekU; lkj dh

tkudkjh gks tkrh gS rFkk gj eghus ekufp=kksa dks ns•dj u pkgrs gq, Hkh

^,Vyl* mB tkrk gSA ^ys• [kaM* i<+dj fy•us o lkspus dh {kerk esa o`f¼

eglwl gks jgh gSA &lwjt dqekj (mÙkj çns'k)

eSaus n`f"V vkbZ,,l esa 2015 cSp esa i<+kbZ dh Fkh] fodkl fnO;dhfrZ

lj ds }kjk ikWfyVh] ,fFkDl vkSj fucaèk i<+k;k x;k Fkk ftlls esjk vkèkkj

e”kcwr gqvk Fkk] vkSj mlds ckn fujarj eSa n`f"V dh eSx”khu dh i<+kbZ djrk

jgk vkSj vkt mlh dh cnkSyr NÙkhlx<+ jkT; lsok ijh{kk 2018 ds ?kksf"kr

ifj.kke esa 54ok¡ jSad çkIr gqvk gSA fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj vkSj iwjh n`f"V

Vhe dk eSa ân; ls vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡ D;ksafd mUgha ds ekxZn'kZu ls vkt

eSaus liQyrk çkIr dh gSA èkU;okn &çdk'k iVsy

lcls igys eSa vkidks rgsfny ls èkU;okn nsuk pkgrh gw¡ vkSj vkidks ;g crkuk pkgrh gw¡ fd eSaus bl if=kdk dks igyh ckj 2018 esa migkjLo:i çkIr fd;k] rc ls eSa bldh fu;fer ikfBdk gks xbZ gw¡A

bl if=kdk us esjs liuksa dks ia• yxk fn;s vkSj eq>s esjh eaf”ky ds djhc ykus esa lgk;d lkfcr gqbZ gSA bl if=kdk dh lcls •kl ckr gS fd tfVy&ls&tfVy fo"k;oLrq dk lgtrk ls çLrqrhdj.kA if=kdk dh 'kq#vkr esa fodkl fnO;dhfrZ lj }kjk dkWye ^laiknd dh dye ls* fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s u, fopkj çLrqr djrk gSA blds lHkh dkWye] tSls& VkWij ls ckrphr] fucaèk •aM] ekbaM eSi vkfn çkjafHkd ,oa eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s leku :i ls mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA n`f"V if=kdk dh ,d lcls vge ,oa •kl ckr gS tks bls vU; fdlh Hkh if=kdk ls csgrj cukrh gS] og gS& ijh{kk dh ekax ds vuq:i ifjorZu djukA ;g if=kdk vc ge tSls nwjnjk”k rS;kjh dj jgs Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa ds fy;s ennxkj lkfcr gks jgh gSA

&efgek jkt nh?koknwckSyh (xksikyxat) fcgkj

eSa bl if=kdk dk o"kZ 2017 ls fujarj ikBd jgk gw¡A dbZ vkSj lzksr i<+s ijUrq n`f"V eSx”khu lokZsÙke yxhA u fliQZ rS;kjh ds Lrj ij vfirq vkRecy Hkh fujraj c<+rk jgrk gSA çkjafHkd ijh{kk ds fy;s var esa fn;s x, ç'u o eq[; ijh{kk ds fy;s Hkh lokZsÙke daVsaV feyrk gSA èkU;okn n`f"V Vhe o fnO;dhfrZ ljA &vfHku; flag ('kkgtgk¡iqj)

eSa n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs* if=kdk dh vçSy 2019 ls fu;fer ikfBdk jgh gw¡A n`f"V if=kdk eq> tSlh fganh ekè;e dh Nk=kkvksa ds fy;s ,d fo'oluh; vkèkkj miyCèk djkrh gS tks vU; dgha lqyHk ugha gSA fofHkUu laLdj.kksa esa fodkl lj ds u,&u, ys[kkas ls eSa Lo;a dks flfoy lsokvksa ds fy;s ekufld :i ls rS;kj dj ikrh gw¡¡A if=kdk ds VkWij ls ckrphr okys va'k ls eSa gj ckj dqN u;k lh•rh gw¡A ys• •aM vkSj dq#{ks=k ,oa ;kstuk tSlh i=k&if=kdkvksa dk ,fM'ku fofHkUu eqíksa ij esjh lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd ekufldrk dks Li"V djrk gSA lkFk gh] ekbaM eSi vkSj VkjxsV fizfyEl tSlh fo'ks"k lkefxz;k¡ esjs fjoh”ku dks fu;ferrk çnku djrh gSa tks fuf'pr :i ls lHkh Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa ds fy;s ,d fu;ksftr lkexzh gSA esjh liQyrk esa bl fo'ks"k lkexzh fy;s eSa n`f"V vkSj mudh iwjh Vhe dks èkU;okn nsuk pkgrh gw¡A

&jtuh jk;] lkj.k

eSa o"kZ 2018 ls n`f"V djsaV viQs;lZ VqMs if=kdk dk fu;fer ikBd jgk gw¡A fganh ekè;e ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ;g if=kdk fdlh ikjlef.k ls de ugha gS tks çR;sd fo"k; ij u dsoy vPNk daVsaV miyCèk djkrh gS cfYd vH;fFkZ;ksa dh mÙkj ys•u 'kSyh dks Hkh ifjekftZr djrh gSA ç'u i=kksa dh çÑfr vkSj ekax ds lkFk ftl çdkj ;g if=kdk rkjrE;rk LFkkfir djrh gS og vius vki esa vuwBk gSA vkSj lcls cM+h ckr] blds ys•u lacaèkh uoksUes"k bldh egÙkk dks çcy cukrs gSaA èkU;okn Vhe n`f"V!

&eksfgr f}osnh

vki lHkh ikBdksa dh cgqewY; izfrfozQ;k ds fy;s ge vkidk vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gSaA vkidh izfrfozQ;k,¡ gesa gkSlyk nsrh gSa ,oa fujarj csgrj djus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr djrh gSaA vki viuh izfrfozQ;k,¡ dk;Zdkjh laiknd dh bZ&esy vkbZMh purushottam@groupdrishti.com ij HkstsaA vkidh pqfuank çfrfØ;kvksa dks ge vkids uke ds lkFk eSx”khu esa Nkisaxs rFkk loZJs"B çfrfØ;k Hkstus okys dks migkjLo:i vxys rhu eghus dh eSx”khu HkstsaxsA èkU;okn

buds Hkh i=k feys& vfHkyk"k jk;] cfy;k] (mÙkj çns'k)] Hkkjrh dq'kokgk] fues'k JhokLro] uhjt dqekj (v;ksè;k)A nnn

^vkids i=*

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