VOL. 11, NO • .. WINTER 1"1.J'l

Assemblies of God

.... TM

WINTER VOL. 11. NO.4, WINTt.R 1991-92

4 Missionaries Caught in the Crossrirc, by Wayne Warner

6 Surviving the War in the Philippines, by Rosendo Alcantara

10 An American Missionary in Nazi Hands, by Wayne Warner

12 Remembering December 1941, as told by Howard C. Osgood. U. S. Grant, James K. Gressett. James Handly. Ceci l T. Janway. Elizabeth Galley Wilson. Hilda Wagenknecht. and Curtis W. Ringness

16 Bert Webb. A Man Used by God. by Glenn Gohr

21 Grace Williamson's ]914 Healing, adapted from C. M. Ward's story

22 The Canadian Jerusalem, by Thomas William Miller

29 Questions & Answers, by Gary B. McGee

<':OVt.K. "'lInonmic vitw of "rar! Ihrbor allhe belt!nnin!! of the Urtrmbrr 7, 194 1 1111)11'11. COll rlu) U.S.S. AriZona Memorial Nalionall'ark Srnice. t'rorllinstl, As~lsl.nl ArchhlSI JOlt!' Lee rradlng The Do/han (Alabllma) Fagl!' Issue for I)~emhu 8, 1941; newspaper donated to Arehl~r5 b) t. mmell O. Cordle, (;ene~a, Alabama. who bas kept th~ pa~r for SO )urs. Blick Inset, lin "ut/'1l" pllbllsheil b) the lIono/lllu Slur Rllllelin.

ARCHIVES STAFF-WAYNE E. WARNER. EDITOR AND ARCHIVES DIREC TOR; JOYCE LEE , ASS ISTANT ARCHIVIST: GLENN GOHR, ARCHIVES ASSISTANT AND COPY EDITOR; CINDY RIEMENSCHNEIDER, SECRETARY. ARCHIVES ADVISORY BOARD-CHAIRMAN JOSEPH R. FLOWER, J. CALVIN HOLSINGER. GARY B. McGEE, EVERETT STENHOUSE.

Assemblies 0/ God Heritage is published quarterly by the Assemblies of God An;hive5. 144:1 Boonville Aye., Springfield, Missouri 65802·1894. This magaZine is free to members of the Assemblies of God Heritage Society. Yearly memberships are available for SIO; lifetim~ memberships are $ 100. Membership fees arc used to publish the magazine and support the Archives.

Assemblies 0/ God Heritage is indexed in Religion Index One: Per;odicals. published by the American Theological Library Association, 820 Church Street, Suite 300, Evanston, IL 60201. This index is pan of the ATLA Religion Database, available on the Wilson Disc CD·ROM from H. W. Wilson Co. and online via Wilson Line, BRS Information Technologies, and DIALOG Information Services.

Microfilm of Her;fuge is available from Theological Research Ex· change Network (TREN). :1420 N.E. GJisan, Ponland, OR 97213.

Persons wishing to donate historical materials to the Archives­such as corre5pondence, photographs, recordings, films. magazines. books, minutes, diaries. etc .• are urged to write to the above address or caU (417) 862·2781. Information about the Archives Building Fund is also available on request.

Copyri&ht © 1991 by the General Council of the Assemblies of God, 144:1 Boonville Ave . . Springfield, Missouri 6:1802·1894.

ISSN 0896-4394

POSTMASTER : Send addre5S changes to Heri/age, 1445 Boonville Ave., Springfield, MO 65802·1894.

2 AlG ARCHIVES. WINTER 199I·n

HERITAGE LETTER

By Wayne Warner

from Pentecostal E,·angff. l)('(:ember 27, 1941

F or fear that some readers of this issue will get the idea that Heritage is trying to glamorize war, please allow me

to say before you read farther that this is not the case. And I say that knowing how easy it is fo r most of us­

whether consciously or subconsciously-to glamorize war, especially if I) we are on the win ning side, 2) we suffer no loss, 3) we are far enough away 10 avoid the horror of it, and 4) we don't have to deal with the destroyed lives and cities after hostilities have ended.

In reading through Missionary Howard Osgood's 1941 diary (see page 14), written in Southwest China, you can quickly see that there' s nothing glamorous aboul seeing your house destroyed by a bomb nor to ride a bicycle with your lO-year-old daughter through the killing fields where hundreds lay dead and dying .

One can only imagine what it was like for Jessie Wengler to be running for her life through Tokyo's fire storms as American 8-29s rained down their destruction (see page 26) on innocent Japanese civilians. Interestingly she prayed for the people on the ground and the American airmen above­in a sense asking God to neutralize weapons on both sides which were designed 10 kill. (We do petition God with difficult requests at limes, don 't we?)

Neither do we see glamour in missionaries of peace being thrown from their houses and into horrible living cond itions in Hong Kong's Stanley Internment Camp (see page 9). Missionaries and other prisoners suffered the same treat­ment in China, the Philippines, and many other areas of the world. Incidentally, missionaries who were serving in the Far EaSt were given opportunities to leave before America

became involved on December 7, 1941, but many chose to stay,

In the tragic Gulf War less than a year ago we saw a great deal of glamour associated with our high­tech weapon power blazing across our TV screens in living color.

Often we look at war almost as if il were two highly competitive teams slugging it out in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day, Or Olympic learns competing for gold medals. How can that be? As followers of the Prince of Peace we have no cause 10 glamorize even a so-called just war.

We do not have words to describe war. It is horrible and no doubt at times unavoidable, but certainly not to be glamorized as Hollywood has done.

No, we are not glamorizing war with this issue. Neither are we try­ing to reopen wounds of belligerent nations a half century ago and again polarize the winners and losers of the world's most destructive war. What we attempt in this issue is to present a slice of an important part of our history, as painful as it was. Perhaps you didn't know the suffer­ing of innocent people abroad who were caught under the guns and bombs. Perhaps you have never heard of the ways they coped during these difficult times. (Can you imagine giving birth in an intern­ment camp as Helen Johnson and Mildred Tangen did?)

We can't give the complete story of your missionaries during World War I I in this magazine, but we have

This Scripturl' promiw lind plltriolic s}mbol iJlustrlltrd Editor Stllnlr) H .• ·rod~hllm's IIrliclr. .... rII)lng for World·Wide Re-hlll," which IIpptll rrd In tht Ptnluosral Ewmgri di~tributrd on l>rctml>rr 7,1941.

r~~~GOD BLESS,\,;~ ~ 1 '»ffiRICl\ I ~ ,I " '., I

If My people" shall humble themselves and pray then willi hear

and will Forgive =====_~"-""'~ I,"" 7 II

selected representative accounts of Christ's faithful ambassadors around the world.

In this small way we honor these heroes of the faith-along with their courageous national workers and church members. Many of them are now forgollen. Most of them are now with the Lord. But we cannot forget them, and most of all we are certain that they will be remembered throughout eternity by those they reached with the gospel message.

Seve ral readers contributed accounts of their Pearl Harbor

Day memories for this issue which I hope you will read. One of the contributors, James Handly, was a sailor at Pearl Harbor that day and had a front-row seat. Elizabeth Galley Wilson and her missionary co-workers were in an even worse situation in the Philippines and were interned for the duration of the war. Howard and Edith Osgood, in Southwest China, had been living under bombings since the Japanese­Chinese conflict began in 1937; he tells in his diary (excerpt pub­lished here) of heavy bombings on December 16, 1941, which nearly hit him and his daughter. Missionary Hilda Wagenknecht tells how it took her more than 4 momhs to get back to India. Other accounts are from readers who reminisce about Pearl Harbor Day here in America.

As an 8-year-old Oregon boy, I remember hearing about the attack that evening when my family returned for the Sunday evening church service. If you are about my age, you probably echoed my ques­tion, "Where is Pearl Harbor?"

Since we were on the west coast, I recall having to cover the windows with dark cloth so Japanese bom­bardiers couldn't spot our house. Now as we look back, it is doublful whether the Japanese intelligence department knew where Wendling, Oregon, was located. And even if they d id get that far over the west coaSt, they would no doubt bomb the Kaiser shipyards in Port land and the Boeing plant in Seattle long before bombing our little mountain community.

An "A" .. Ind __ hirld ~tickrr MUlhorltC"d thr drhrr 10 purchll'il' thrt'f Ililllon~ or ):holint ptr .. rr!' durin): \\ orld \\ ir II . rhr rrd lind blur stimp~ In bukllround " rrr ustd .. hrn mll!.inll purchll!tl's or 'illionl'd Itrms.

School teachers drummed patriot­ism into our young minds and it took hold. One old shovel, we were told, would help make four hand grenades (God says that someday "they shall beat their swords into plowshares"). So we would scour the countryside looking for old junked hay mowers, discarded log­ging equipment, car parts, paper, tires, zinc jar caps, and the lowly tin can. As a fourth grader it was determined that I had gathered and flattened more tin cans than any other boy in school, which earned me the title of Tin Can King; my queen, an eighth-grade girl, and I were fitted with crowns cut from large tin cans (what else?). The pile of scrap metal the kids gathered filled a vacant lot next to the school building and was eventllally hauled off for the war effort.

Our town wasn't big, but Civi l Defense said we needed two enemy airplane spotter stations. Even though we knew the shapes of enemy planes and knew how to report them, we never saw one. In fact, not one ground-based enemy plane was ever within combat range of the United States during World War II.

Somewhere at home I have a cer­tificate which states that I planted a Victory Garden, a program to encourage everyone to raise a garden for his or her own usc.

Conllnurd on pill/:l' 29

AlG ARCHIVES, WINTER 1991-92 3

Old Rillbld "'rhon, Mllnlhl ... hut' A C, missionarin "ut' inlrrnfil IIlonjl " 'ilh 1,300 olhrrs.

Missionaries Caught in the Crossfire

By Wayne Warner

O n Su n day afternoon. December 7, 1941. someone in

Phoenix phoned The Arizona Republic newsroom and asked for a football score in a game between the Chicago Bears and the Cardinals. Apparently miffed that the news­paper was concentrati ng on news from Pearl Harbor-where the United States had suffered about 3,700 casualties that very morning from the surprise Japanese attack -the caller asked, "Aren't you getting anyth ing besides that war stuff?"

4 AlG ARCHIVES, \\lNTt:R 199 1-92

Football was the 1asl thing Assem­blies of God missionaries and nationals in the Pacific areas would be thinking about 50 years ago on December 7. Coordinated with the

so YEARS AGO

THE ASSEMBLIES OF GOD &

WORLD WAR II

Pearl Harbor surprise were attacks against Hong Kong, the Philippines, Singapore, and other Far East areas where many Assemblies of God missionaries happened to be serv­ing. Hundreds of Japanese fighter

planes and bombers descended on key Allied defense bases, followed by ground forces which quick ly cap­tured the areas.

America was suddenly drawn into a war it had vowed to stay out of. And as a result, every missionary on Japanese-held soil found him or her­self under the control of the feared Japanese mi litary. By August 1942, only 8 months later, the Japanese conquest extended from the Aleutian Islands to the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), including large sections of China, virtually closing this huge region to outside missionary efforts for 4 years.

Japan's efforts 10 create a new Asia for Asians would test the Asemblies of God indigenous mis­sions which had been set in motion yea rs ea rli er. As missionaries were either evacuated or interned, nationals were thrust into leader­ship roles. Many of them would be imprisoned and tortured for their faith, others would become slaves and forced to bear arms, while st ill many others would die martyr deaths. But the Christian Church survived in the region because of the strong teaching that the communi ty of believers could continue wit h or without fo reign missionaries.

" They were k i lling and raping, but t hey did not com e in to the house where we were h iding." - Lu la Bell Hough

Three months before the war start ed , Foreign Missions Secretary Noel Perkin explained the wisdom of self-support ing missions when he addressed the Minneapolis General Council: " The big tas k of the missionary is to make missionaries from the native Christians. More people are won to the Lord from the ministry of nati ve evangelists than by the word of a fo reign missionary." I

The A/ G work in Nigeria had doub led wit hin a few years, Perkin said, all because of the faithful witness of national believers. Similar reports were coming out of Puerto Rico and Cent ral America , creating a strong argument for the indig­enous principles.

With the co llapse of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Manila on ly 3 months away, implementing indig­enous principles came none tOO soon.

LUla Bell Hough, now 85 and living in Dayton, Ohio, is repre­

sentative of only a few missionaries now li ving who were in north China and Hong Kong during the first few days of the war . She, like the others, was interned for 6 very difficult months and then repat riated, arriv-

Conl inlltd on nUl P~lIt

Under the German and Japanese Guns AlG MISSIONARY ROLL CA LL, DECEMBER 7, 1941

DANZIG (GOANSKA), POLAND. G. Herbert Schmidt was arrested here In 1940 and served 6 months In jail for preaching the Pentecostal message. In January 1943, after Gestapo threatened to send hIm to a concentratIon camp, he sneaked aboard a German freighter and escaped to Stockholm, Sweden.

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. "The Hllo people are very calm over this war trouble, believing that Jesus is coming soon. If He allows them to be taken by bombs, they are ready to meet Him. Pray they may be used to bring others to this reallzat lon." -Bernlce Strickland Proctor (Mrs. Ralph).

HONG KONG. Six missionaries and four children here when Japanese captured the colony: Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Part and two daughters, Dorothy and Elizabeth; John Perdue (Mrs. Perdue had returned to U.S. eart ler); Mr. and Mrs. A. Walker Hall and two sons, Arien and Cecil ; and Lula Bell Hough. Lula Bell Hough was Interned In an orphanage at Fanllng; the others confined at Stanley Internment Camp. Repatriated during the summer of 1942, arriving In New York aboard the Grlpsho/m, August 25.

JAPAN. Jessie Wengler was caught In Tokyo on December 7, 1941. She remained under house arrest and returned to America after the war.

NORTH CHINA. Shansl: Marte Stephany, Alice Stewart, and Henrtetta Tleleman were under house arrest and were repatriated, returning to America August 25, 1942, with Hong Kong missionaries aboard the Gr/psho/m. Peking: Several missionaries were not Interned until 1943, Including Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Hindle and son George, and Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Hansen and three children, Gwendolyn, Harold, and Margaret. They were imprtsoned for 5 VI months and then repatriated, aboard the Grlpsho/m in late 1943. Two families were Interned until after the war was over: Mr. and Mrs. George Slager, and Mr. and Mrs. Fred Ballau and six ch ildren, Frederick, William, Arthur, Edna, and twins Ralph and Shirley. Mr. and Mrs. Martin Kvamme and Anna Ziese remained at their places of ministry without Internment. G. K. Johansen, Chefoo, had sent his family home and then he died there July 9, 1942.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Nine missionaries and four children Interned at Bagulo: Elizabeth Galley [Wilson]; Gladys Knowles (Mrs. Frank Finkenbinder, Jr.]; Doris Carison; Blanche Appleby; Rena Baldwin; Mr. and Mrs. Leland Johnson and two children, Constance and Sammy (Margaret Joy born during the Internment); Mr. and Mrs. Robert Tangen, and two children, Richard and Kenneth (Robert born during Internment). Rescued by American forces In 1945. See Wayne Warner's Heritage articles, "1945 Philippine Liberation Creates Emotional Scenes," pp. 6-12, sprtng 1985, and "The Dramatic 1945 Liberation at Los Banos, Philippines," summer 1985, pp. 7·11 , 16.

SINGAPORE. Mr. and Mrs. L. O. McKinney, two daughters, Dorts and Marguertte; and Lula Ashmore (Baird). Were under heavy Japanese bombing until able to leave on two separate ships In December 1941.

YUNNAN, SW CHINA. Mr. and Mrs. Howard Osgood and two children, Anita and Brenton; Beatrice and Thelma Hildebrand; Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Bolton and three children, Robert, ElSie, and Irene. Were airlifted to India by U.S. Army Air Force and returned to America by ship during summer 1942. They had suffered bombings since 1937. Margaret Jay, their British teacher, had gone to Hong Kong for Christmas vacation 1941 only to be captured and Interned for the duration of the war.

In 1943 the Foreign Missions Department reported that 25 missionaries were stili In countries under the control 01 Axis powers. Some 01 these, however, were stili able to minister In such ptaces as free China.

A/ G A MCHIVf.S. WINTt_R 1991 ·92 5

ing in New York aboard the Swedish ship, The Gripsholm, August 25, 1942.

Sai ling to Canton in 1929, Lula Bell worked with veteran missionary Blanche Appleby during her fi rst term. Following a furlough in 1937, Lu1a Bell moved to the Hong Kong Colony where she started a church at Fanling. She was there on Decem· ber 8 when the Japanese so ldiers stormed into the city.

The soldiers ordered Lula Bell and her three Chinese helpers into the street and then looted thei r house. " Whi le the looting was going on, we heard a bugle," Lula Bell recalled , "and the so ldiers all left the area for supper." Lula Bell and the th ree Christian Chinese women took that as a cue to go back into their house and rescue some of their possessions and slip away to another area of the city, hoping and pray· ing that a kind Chinese would take them in.

But the Chinese were fearful that the Japanese would be angry if they allowed others into their homes. Finally an elderly woman , whose husband was dying, took pity on the three Chinese and the American missionary and hid them in a loft. As it turned out , the sick man possibly saved their lives during that fi rst night of terror.

.. A ll night long we could hear the soldiers going from house to house," Lula Bell remembers vivid ly as if it were yesterday. " They were killing and raping, but they did nOI come into the house where we were hiding because they knew about the old man who was sick . A nd they were afraid of sickness. " 2

In the natural it was an anxious and sleepless night for the fou r hiding in the loft , but in the middle of the frightening experience, Lula Bell said that the Lord gave her a verse which brought her peace: "The angel of the Lord encampeth around about them that fear him, and delivereth them" (Psalm 34:7).

When morning came, the four women slipped downstai rs but were soon spotted by a soldier and taken away to an orphanage where they were questioned throughout the

6 AlG ARCHIVES. WINTER 1991·92

Surviving the War in the Philippines By Rosendo Alcantara

At the editor's request in 1985, Rosendo Alcantara, 89, a Philippine nat10nal minister who now lives in Kahu lui, Hawai i, submitted memories of the trying period when the Japanese army occupied the Philippines (1941· 45). American AlG missionaries who were interned lor the duration 01 the war included nine adults and lour child ren: Elizabeth Galley [Wilson]; Gladys Knowles IMrs. Frank Finken· binder, Jr.]; Doris Carl son; Blanche Appleby; ~ena Baldwin; Mr. and Mrs. Leland Johnson and two Children, Constance and Sammy (Margaret Joy born during the internment); Mr. and Mrs. Robert Tangen, and two children, Richard and Kenneth (Robert born during internment). They were rescued by American forces in 1945. See Wayne Warner's Heritage articles on the 40th anniversary of the rescues, " 1945 Phil ipp ine liberat ion Creates Emotional Scenes," pp. 6·12, spring 1985, and "The Dramatic 1945 liber· ation al Los Banos, Philippines," summer 1985, pp. 7·11, 16. Avai lable Irom the AlG Archives @ $2.50 each.

In the year 1940, the Foreign Mis· sions Department sent Leland

and Helen Johnson to the Philip· pines. Upon their arrival , we were contacted through RUdr. Esperanza [a Philippine national eader1, and we went to see the Johnsons and discussed and presented to them the need of establishing an Assemblies of God organization. So In the same year we organized the Philippines District Council with leland Johnson as super· Intendent.

Other Assemblies of God mls· slonarles moved from China to the Philippines early In 1941 (because of the Japanese occupation of cer· taln areas of China] and became such a blessing to us. Through their help, Bethel Bible Institute was established In the city of Bagulo.

late In 1941, the Japanese Imperial Army Invaded the Philip· pines. Our missionarIes were taken as prisoners and were brought to the concentration camp. leland Johnson was mauled and beaten terribly, and It 's a

day. At midnight of the next day they were tied together and taken to a garage where they were forced to sit on a bench the rest of the night.

K (>wnd(> A kllnl ll ril

r, lty• Some of the soldiers were nhumane.

They suffered so much because of the lack of food. They were so weak and th in. Thei r children want· Ing to have milk, but there was none to give. So my compassion was toward them, and I decided to do something. I approached a wealthy Dr. Manznilla and asked him If he could lend me some money to be used to buy food for our missionaries. He consented and gave some thousand pesos. The first thing I did was to buy milking goats and brought them to the concentration camp. I was nearly shot to death by the Japanese guard, but God pro· tected me. Praise the lord. Three times a week I bought food and took It to the camp.

During the war our lives were very risky. One Sunday morning at the service in our chapel In Bagulo City, one of our brothers preached on the second coming of Christ. This sermon was t aken to the army Intelligence department. I was summoned and asked many ques· tlons regarding the coming of Jesus as King. I thought they were going to kill me. But thank God He was able to preserve me from death.

In spite of the many hardships, struggles, and suffering, we did not abandon the work of the Lord. The late Rudy Esperanza and I carried on the work of the Lord until the liberation. Praise and glory be given to God for His goodness and mercy toward us.

After the war the Foreign Mis· slons Department sent mission· aries to the Philippines to assist us In propagating the gospel. We do thank God for these mission· aries, tor they were such help and blessing to the Filipino people. Praise the lord.

L ula Bell recalls the fears she experienced that night in the garage and the next day. " The soldiers were drinking throughout the night . Then

the next day they put us on a truck and threatened to behead US. " l The women knew that the soldiers had already carried out such threat s in the city.

Fanling's Door of Hope Mission Orphanage, which Mr. and Mrs . Raetz operated, became Lula Bell's internment home for the next 6 months. "Mrs. Raetz, her children . and the orphans- 68 of us-were interned. Mr. Raetz had been on a trip to Canton when the war broke out so was captured and interned there. "4

The internees were ordered to Slay in the house. When they were per­mitted to go into the yard, the soldiers threatened to shoot them if they left the premises.

Food was extremely scarce, Lula Bell recalls, and everyone was on a literal starvation diet. It was reported that a thousand people a day were dropping dead in the street from starvation. In one hospital alone 6(X) people died daily from starvation.

But one providential incident stands out in Lula Bell's memory of those desperate times. One of the little Raetz boys couldn't under­stand the internment and lack of food. "He asked his mother for an egg. When told they didn't have any eggs, he asked his mother to pray for eggs. We prayed, not with very much faith," Lula Bell admits, "but less than an hour later a Chinese woman smuggled two eggs into the house. "5

F inally after more than 6 months of internment and with no com­

munication from the United States, other AlG missionaries in Hong Kong, or from Mr. Raetz in Canton, the Americans were told they could choose to accept repatriation if they wished. "Since I was unable to minister there," Lula Bell said, "1 quickly accepted. and soon we were taken to Kowloon and then on the sea aboard the Japanese ship Asomo Maru,"6

It wasn't until she boarded a launch which would lake them to the ship that Lula Bell saw the other A/G missionaries who had been in-

ConlirHltd on plll!,f 9

" In all our troubles during the last half year or more we can say that through it all we could see the hand of the Lord smoothing out the hard places, and never did we feel despair while we had this anchor to keep us steady. " - H. A. Park, following release from Hong Kong internment, 1942.

Childrtn IlOOlird lht rtpilirililion ~hlp (jripshQlm tnrOUlt 10 "t .. ' 'or'" durin!!. Iht summtr of 1942. Lrft to right. ~lt) ParI.. unidtntirird. Artfn Ihll. Uoroth) ,'lIrk (holdln« (,«il Ihll). Artfl'n Ihlllhts in TUlis. lind CIKIlln C.Jifornili. 80th of tht Park girls .rr dffusrd .

Thrft' A / G missionlll) families "Ht internrd in Ko .. loon IIrn in UlKtmbu 1941 lind rtplitrillltd during tht summer of 1942. Tht) .. ru II. A. Park lind '''0 daughtrn Uoruth} and Brll): John "rrdut: and Mr. and Mrs. A. \\lIlker Hali.nd t .. o~ons ArlfI'n lind ClKil. Anothtr mlssiOMllr, .1.uIM IIrllllouli(h ... a~ undtr hOUSf II rrt~ t In lin orphllnllge li t hnllng (nol sho",n. north or ~ha l in).

AlG ARCHIVES, WINTER 1991.92 7

\k'i GJIT@ @, Summer 1942

PIIOTI)!, ntO\t Jot., I'tHIll t (.OUU.TIO"'.lt'11UIIIIIUt <..OU.H.t. IIKMAH'

1 hI' J.p.nt~ AUlma \1aru brought rtp.lrllt~ mi~ion"i~ 10 ".hJliJ no ... MOl.mbiqut' .. htrt Iht) buardtd Iht Gripsl/o/m.

A/ G mls~lonllrlts .bollrd Iht Grips"o/",. The thlldren, from the Itrl, Hamlh) I'ark, CC1:il HIlII , Arlto 11.11 , .nd ikll) I'.rk. Adults .~ John Ptrdut, Ntll Jlall, A. Wllkrr Ihll. Cathrrinr Pllfk . Harlnd .. ark, Jlrnrltttil Titltmn. Muit Sttphan). Allct Stt .. -.rl .• nd Lui. 1k1l1l0ulI.h.

Tht Cripsholm tnroult 10 Nr .. · York

nomlh) Ind Rfll) P.rk .board Iht (iripJholm.

urI, John l't rdut, showing signs of Ilinus lind los.~ of .. til/hI as I rrslli. of imprisonmt nl , pOstS ,,'llh lift jllClttl. Klghl, Jhrl.nd "ark . ROlh ml~slonllrlts rtluTncd 10 lIong Kong ,fttr Iht ... r.

Th$ Dorlh Chinll missionuits ",-rrt broughl to 1I0ni Kong ... ht~ Iht) bOllrdt'd Ihe Asama Maru . Ionl .. -ilh Iht Hon ll, Kong mlssionlriH .• ' rom Iht Itf •• litnntu. Tidtm.n. M.rit Sltph.n). Ind Alice Slt"'r!.

terned elsewhere. This included Mr. and Mrs. H . A. Park and their two children; Mr. and Mrs. A. Walker Hall and their two children; John Perdue; Alice Stewart; Marie Stephany; and Henrietta Tieleman­the latt er three from north China. All of them were in rags and each had lost \ ... eight because o f the food shortages. But they were at least happy to be headed for freedom.

As the Asama Maru steamed toward Portuguese East Africa (now Mozambique), where the Americans were to be exchanged fo r Japanese internees from the United States, the missionaries shared their experiences during the previous tragic months.

H. A. Park, superintendent of the South China District of the Assem· blies of God, acknowledged that everyone had been expecting a further escalation of the war in the Far EaSt. But the Hong Kong invasion by the Japanese on Monday, December 8, 1941 (Decem· ber 7 U.S. time), caught everyone by surprise .

The annual district meeting was scheduled to o pen that day, and Walker Hall was to receive o rdina· tion during the morning (he was lat er ordained in the internment camp). "The first bombers arrived about 8 o'clock," Park reported on their

For 24 days the missionaries lived on m oldy ri ce and hot water . They cried when g iven a sm all ration of n our.

return to America, "and there was turmoil from then on."7

The Halls had pioneered a church in Tai Po Market, a village about 16 miles away from the Parks in Kowloon. Tai Po Market was in the path of the Japanese ground forces, SO the Chinese people were neeing toward Hong Kong. "Had I been caught," Hall said, "il probably wou ld have meant immediate death since at the beginning of the wa r the Japanese took no male prisoners."8

Another missionary came through the village in her car and made room

A. \\III~l'r lind 'til lhlll I'ith their t .. o ,on, Ar l~n and <.eeil Mflrr II rrl.in~ in America. Arl~n rrmcmbi>rs ~ mellin~ 11 ell nd) "nl'l'rr .. hich II

hl'Pneq: ~Ullrd hud dl'-CllrMd li nd Ihcn ~ harin~ the a roma I'lth Olhtr childTCII . CouTlr" or 'dl lI all

for the Halls, leaving the village only 4 hours before the Japanese arrived. In Kowloon the Halls joined the Parks and then the next day moved into another missionary friend's house.

For 3 days the Japanese bombed Kowloon and then the city fell on the 4th day, sending the retreating Chinese soldiers onto the island of Hong Kong and leaving the mission· aries behind the Japanese lines.

Then the Japanese set up anillery pieces and began to shell the island. "We heard the shells screeching constant ly for days," Hall wrote. "Throughout this trying time the Lord was our stay and His word quieted our nerves. We had one great prayer meeting lasting from morning unti l night. He was a lways there., ujI

After Kowloon fell, Chinese traitors who were helping the Jap· anese demanded entrance 10 the house where the missionaries were staying. They entered the house with knives, choppers, and screwdrivers, threatening the Jives of the mission· aries and demanding money. " It was

just a!t if hell had opened its mouth." Hall de')Cribed it, and demons "ere running up and down the ~I rect " When the missionaries told the looters that they kept their money in the bank. one of the raiders grabbed Hall's small son. "[ He) pUl a knife to his throat and told my wife ... he had beller sho\\ them \\hcre the money was. "If

\1r\. Park picked up the...ad ~tor> to tell what happened ne\{. "They took everything \\e had e\cept our clothes and rurniture. . (the) took) our money. our \\atches. pclh.

camera. ewn ~me of the bt'liding." Miraculously, they were nOl harmed.

On December 29 the Japane,c ejccted the missionaries from the house without prior notice and thn!\\ their furniture out of second 'tory windows.

Finding thcmsel\'C\ on the ,[rect, the mis!>ionary familie~. no\\ num· bering 10, with suitcases and bedding. made their way to a French Catholic hospital where the)' were taken in for the night. For the nc\! 3 week!> the Parks and Halls were interned together in onc room in the Kowloon Hotel. Here tOO they were reunited with John Perdue. another Hong Kong missionary , \ .. hose \\ife had returned to the United States earlier in 1941.

"Apart from the addition o f a vegetable for five meal s running." Mrs. Hall wrote, "we had nothing but mo ldy rice and hot water for 24 days." They were always hungry, and man y were showing the first signs of beriberi. Later when about 200 internees-including the Ha ll s. Parks, and Perdue- were trans· ferred to the Hong Kong Stanley Internment Camp, they were give n a small ration of nour. "We just cri ed when we got that nom," Mrs. lI all added. 11

AI [he Stanley Camp the mission· aries joined other civilians who had been trapped in Hong Kong, indud· ing 3,000 British, 300 Americans, and about 100 Dutch. At leasl there was fresh air at the Stanley Camp, but living conditions were extremely poor. Buildings had been shelled, and the internees were crowded into small rooms where they slept in

<.onlin utd Oil pM~t 26

AlG ARC HI V"",,. \\ INTt.K 1991-92 9

An American Missionary in Nazi Hands • By Wayne Warner

The Story of C. Herbert Schmidt in Danzig

U nlike most mission fields of the world in 1920---which generally

were evangelized by foreigners from North America or Europe-Russia and the eastern European coun­tries saw the return of their own count rymen who had immigrated to America. Some of them returned as Pentecostal missionaries. Three of the first families to return to eastern Eu rope in 1920 were Dionnissy and

A missionary call with high risks including the deaths of two spouses and his daughter, his imprisonment, fleeing Danzig as a stowaway, and the 3-year war-time separation from his two daughters.

Olga Zaplishny to Bulgaria; Ivan a nd Ka thari na Varo naeff to Bulgari a a nd eve n t u a ll y t h e Ukraine; and O. Herbert and Carrie Schmidt, to Russia, Poland, and other eastern Eu ropean count ries.

All th ree families were to su ffer pe rsecut ion a nd imprison menl. Zaplishny was beaten and tortured fo r 6 days and fin ally expelled from Bulgaria in 1924. Six years later he and his wife retu rned to Bulgaria to pastor the largest Pentecostal church in the coun try. He died there in 1935 at the age of 47.

In the late 19205 the Varonaeffs were arrested in Russia and sent to Siberia because of governmental distrust and hatred of the Pente­costals-animosity which was quite common in Russia, eastern Europe, and later under the Nazi regime. The Varonaeffs were released after 3 years imprisonment but then were arrested again . Mrs. Varonaeff was

10 AlG ARCHIVES, WINTER 1991-92

released from prison in 1953, but Ivan Varonaeff apparently died in Siberia.!

Somehow the forceful, un­ashamedly Pemecostal Gustav Herbert Schmidt 2 stayed out of trouble with the authorities in his successful itinerate preaching throughout Russia and eastern Europe between the World Wars-although he tells about some close calls in his moving book Songs in the Night and in the magazine he edited The Gospel Call.

Schmidt and his wife experienced a deep sorrow in 1924 when their adopted daughter Gerda died and was buried in Poland. Sorrow was to strike again on Christmas day 1929 when Carrie Schmidt died, as a result of the strain of missionary work in post-war Europe. "Ever si nce she was saved in 1919," Schmidt wrote, "her heart burned with an irresistible love for Russia's suffering millions. .. Traveling in Poland on missionary tours in that period exacted the utmost strength and patience from the traveler. She was always with me on these journeys , never hesi tating nor shrink­ing from hardsh ip."l

M arital and family bliss ret urned to Schmidt in the 19305 when

he married a German nat ional, Margaret Neumann. To them were born his pride and joy, Ruth and Karin. They too would suffe r the ravishes of war all because G. Herbert Schmidt determined to follow his divine call to Russia and eastern Europe .

Between 1920 and 1940 Schmidt

50 YEARS AGO

THE ASSEMBLIES OF GOD &

WORLD WAR II

~

The G. Herber! Schmidl fa mib in 1943. shorll)' before Ihe h.mil)· lOiS separll ll'd Mnuse of Ihe lOar. Mrs. ~hmid l died the nul )nr. T he chi l­dren a re Ka rin and Ruth. (;OUrl tS)' of Ka ri n Schmidl lAnk

ministered to many of his former countrymen, and many were con­verted and became Pen tecostal. Seeing the need for organized evan­gelism and a ministerial training facil ity, he helped organize the Russian and Eastern European Mission (REEM) and established the Institute of the Bible in Danzig (now Gdanska, Poland). The Assemblies of God cooperated with REEM to evangelize and educate mi nisters from 1927 to 1940.4

Schmidt's freedom to preach and trave l would en d abruptl y in November 1940, more than a year after the Germans invaded Poland, when he was questioned about spying fo r America, preaching the illegal

Schmidt was accused of preaching the Pentecostal message-which the Nazis had declared was a crime.

Pentecostal message, and mixi ng politics with hi s preaching. Because he had returned to Europe just two months before the war broke out , he was suspected of return ing to spy. Nobody in his right mind, the Nazis reasoned, would return to the Con­tinent with conditions as volatile as they were in the summer of 1939.

The beginning of the end for Schmidt happened one day late in October 1940 while he traveled on a preaching mission. The Gestapos

raided his house in Danzig and confiscated correspondence and his travel diaries; and when he rClUrned to the city, his wife informed him that he was to rcport to the police stalion. He did but nobody seemed to know what to do wi th him. I-I e relUrned to his home only to be confronted by a Gestapo officer that night who ordered him to accom­pany him back to the police station.

Earl ier in the evening he had pm his two small daughters to bed. " I kissed them goodnight, not knowing that il would be the last time to hold them in my arms for many months."

Al l o f his personal possessions, including his Bib le, were ta ken from him at the police headquarters, and he was roughly dealt with, the same as a common criminal. His intro· duction to prison life that night was in a small , unlighted , and smelly cell wit h a bed made from rough boards -covered with dried vomit.

Schmidt had time to think that first night of his sacrifices for the Kingdom during his 20 years in east­ern Europe, and he seemed to hear the devil taunt him with, "Now you are gett ing the reward, your pay­ment for it, your payment." He prayed fo r deliverance, he wrote later, but "was destined to learn to know my God from an en tirely new angle." A song, " He's a Friend of Mine," came to his mi nd, and he began singing:

Yes, He's a Friend of mine, And He with me doth all things

share ; Since a1l is Christ 's and Christ

is mine, Why should I have a care? For Jesus is a friend of mine.

After several days of questioning and ridicule by the Gestapo , he was placed in anothcr cell with two men who had spoken against the Nazis, a Catho lic priest and a member of the Danzig Diet, the latter an acclaimed atheist . Schmidt rejoiced to see that the priest had a New Testament wh ich Schmidt eagerly read. When the priest was later taken from the cell , he gave the New Testament to the appreciative Schmidt. Schmidt witnessed to the Diet o fficial, his

accusers, and guards, bUl mOSt of them wanted nothing to do with his faith. His interrogators accused him of "forbidden religious activity" and claimed that Germany would eliminate the movement he represented.

Meanwhile, Margaret Schmidt tried vain ly to learn of her husband's whereabouts, but officials were uncooperative. Finally, she located him in the prison and through the kindness of the judge was permitted a 20-minute visit with her husband. Periodicall y during Schmidt's Im-

During his firsl 70 days in prison, Schmidl 10Sl 40 pounds.

prisonmem, Margaret was permitted to visit and take care of his lau ndry.

During his first 70 days in the prison, Schmid I had lost 40 pounds which made hi m very sick and ex­tremely weak. On the nnd day of imprisonment , however, he received his fi rst full meal and learned latcr that his wife was able to arrange with a local restaurant to provide the dai ly meal-which probably saved his life. s

Finally after 6Vl months, charges were presented in writing stating that Schmid t had participated in unlawful Pentecostal preachi ng. The judge accepted the recommen­dation of the prosecutor that he be confined fo r 6 months, rctroactive.

He was frec. He had served his sentence with 2 weeks to spare.

Since il was impossible to preach without jeopardizing his freedom

-even his life-the obvious answer fo r Schmidt was to retu rn to America , as had mOSt other mission­aries. After he corresponded with the REEM o ffice in Chicago, arrangements were completed fo r the family to leave in October 1941 , just two months before America 's ent ry into the war. But at the last minute German authorit ies refused to issue an exit visa. Hope sprang once more early in 1942 that they would be repatriated. But after months of waiting with their bags always packed , that hope too was

.'o r detailed acco un ts or the minis tries in uslern Eu rope and Russia prior 10 " orld " ar II see the t~ o·part art icle, "The Da nzig Gda nska Insti tute or the Dible," b) Tom Saller. lI~ritag~,

fall 1988 and v.i nler 1988·89, and . red Smolchuck's "Slink Immigrants to America and the Pentecosla l t ,xpe ri­ence," J/eritage, su mmer 1989. Copies or the i.o.sues are a\ ailable III $2.50 tilth. postpaid. Se nd orders 10 A (. Archhes. 1445 Boon\ille, Sprl n ~fie t d, 1\1065802.

dashed when repatriations were halted.

Because of repeated warnings that he would be sent to a concentration camp (Margaret was a German cit­izen so she and the girls would remain free), Schmidt began looking for a way out of Danzig and to neutral Sweden where he could wait out the war as a political refugee.

The opportunity came one night in January 1943. Following a tearful goodbye to his family, under the cover of darkness he was sneaked into an unused room aboard a German fre ighter bound for Stock­holm. It would be the last time that he would see his wife, for she died May I, 1944 after suffering a nervous breakdown about 6 mOl1lhs following the sorrowful departure.

All went well aboard the vessel steaming up the Baltic Sea. Schmidt remained hidden for the few days travel but then almost made a fatal mistake by revea ling himself to the crew a ft er he thought he was in Swedish waters. " I am an American citizen neeing Germany to reach Sweden," he told the captain.'

Unfort unately, the freighter was st ill in Ge rman waters, and the angry captain had Schmidt th rown into the ship's prison, telling him that the Stockholm officia ls would never see him and that he wou ld be returned to Germany.

To be returned to Germany after what he had been through? " My heart was calm ," he wrote. "I somehow had the assurance wi thin me that the Lord would nOI permit me to be taken back to Germany, but would make a way fo r my escape out of the hands of the Gestapo. ''7

(,.o nllnllrd o n pallr 27

AlG ARCHIVES, WINTU 1991 .92 11

Remembering December 1941 Readers Reflect on Dark Days 50 Years Ago

A n article in the fall 1991 Her­itage requested readers to write

about their memories of the bomb­ing of Pearl Harbor and the days that followed which forced America into World War II. Except for the 6th episode, which we took from a diary, these memories came by leuers , inlerviews, and fAX. If you are 5S or over, perhaps you can identify with some of these accounts.

Forty Men Preserved

During War BY JAMES K. GRESSETI

Phoenix, Arizona

I was pastoring in Taft, Cali­fornia, on December 7, 1941, and after a good Sunday morning service we went home for dinner. As we sal down at the table, my wife turned on the radio for the 12 o'clock news. President F. O. Roosevelt was speak­ing, giving details of the altack on Pearl Harbor. It was the first we had

12 AlG ARCHIVES. WINTER 1991 ·92

heard of the Pearl Harbor raid; and as for many others, it was one of our lowest days.

Our church boys began to enlist; and before it was over, a board we had placed in the front of the church had 40 silver stars, each representing a man in the service. In the begin· ning I asked the church to pray continually that they would all return . And we did not have a single gold star on our board [gold repre· sented military personnel who had died]. I talked with some of our members recently about the Taft servicemen. They said no other church in Central California had such a record.

One of my cousins (who was 6' 5", and 195 pounds) did not want to become a combatant, so was placed in the ambulance corps. Those who worked with him said many times he would come in from a baltlefield with a wounded so ldier under each arm. He was decorated twice and never received a scratch in the entire war.

James K. "Cactus Jim" Gressett and his wife, both 90, reside in a Phoenix nursing home. "I st ill drive my car, read my Bible without glasses, and still preach a little," he wrote. He began preaching in 1921 and pastored in California and Arizona. For 25 years (1947·72) he was the superintendent of the Arizona District Council.

War Reaches Baguio,

Philippine Islands BY ELIZABETH

GALLEY WILSON Waxahachie, Texas

As the sun rose, Doris Carlson, Gladys Knowles, and I ate a hurried breakfast and prepared to go to the

College of Chinese Studies where we were students. The sound of foot­steps on the st airs and the pounding on the door caused us to ru sh to answer. On the threshold stood Robert Tangen. "Girls," he said, "Japan has just bombed Pearl Harbor." This news left us all aghast, and we pondered what the future might hold.

There were nine of us Assemblies of God missionaries serving in Baguio in the Philippine Islands. Blanche Appleby and Rena Baldwin, senior single miss ionaries were designated the "ladies." First termers Gladys Knowles, Doris Carlson, and I were designated the "girls." Leland Johnson was the superimendent. His wife Helen and their child ren, Connie and Sammy, were a blessing to us all. Robert and Mildred Tangen were a valuable asset. All of us were originally assigned to service in China but transferred to the Philippines due to unsettled conditions prior to World War II. How were we to be affected by this startling news?

UiUMlh Galle) \\ilson

We trudged on to school in a quandary. Soon we heard airplanes flying over Baguio. Many house­wives ran out in the streets and waved cup towels and aprons to welcome the planes. What a shock when a short time later bombs began to fall on Camp John Hay and its surrounding area. We knew then that war had begun for us.

The apartments in which "the girls" and the Tangens were living

•

seemed 10 be a place that would likely be in a bombing area. II was decided that we sho uld move to a safer spot. The Tangens would move into the Johnson home and share this house, and a place \\a.\ sought for the "girls." Dori~ Carlson and Gladys Knowles left to hunt for quarters while I was to begin packing.

In a ll the chaos it was difficult to find a mover. However , the Tangens were able to find one and were soon loading the truck. As I worked , I was fervently praying. I went oUlside to speak to the Tangens. Imagine my surprise when a tfuck pulled up before me and offered to move us. Somehow, I felt this incident was ordained by the Lord and accepted the offer. I had no word from Doris and Gladys as to whether they had found a place. Later we learned that they were detained because they had been in several air raids and had spent some time in the ditches, Imagine their surprise to find us partially packed and loaded, ready to move.

It was dark when we sett led into a small Filipino house situated near the Johnson home. The Johnsons had a hot supper waiting for the weary travelers and we all rejoiced at God's provision. Later, the truck driver came by, He told us that he did not know why he had volun­teered to move us. In fact, he had been reprimanded by his employer for taking on an unscheduled job when they had more business than they could handle.

Truly the Lord makes a way where there seems to be no way. He meets the needs of His children even in the time of war,

The Baguio missionaries ..... ere interned in late December J 941, and ..... ere prisoners untit the U.S. military and Filipino guerrillas rescued them early in 1945. Elizabeth Galley later married A, E, Wilson, and served with him as a missionary to Africa. She taught at Southwestern Assemblies of God College, Waxahachie, Texas, and is now living in retirement there. Of the nine adult missionaries ..... ho were interned at Baguio. only the "girls" (Elizabeth Galley Wilson, Gladys Knowles Finkenbinder, and Doris Carlson) and Helen Johnson are still living. Herirage published two articles on the rescue of the missionaries in the Philippines

(spring and summer 1985) which are a\ail­able at $2.50 each.

An Unlikely Turn of Events

BY U. S. GRANT Lenexa, Kansas

t.. ~. ( . ranl

J was 31 years old in 1941 and was pastor of First Assembly, Bartles­ville, Oklahoma. After the morning worship service, Sunday. December 7, 1941 , my family and I were enjoy­ing dinner in our home. The radio news was distu rbing to us because much of the world was at war. As we ate, the program was interrupted with a bulletin stating that the Japanese had made a surprise attack on our installations at Pearl Harbor.

I learned later thaI Mit suo Fuchida was the pilot who led the raid on Pearl Harbor. I didn ' t know him from millions of other Japanese people, and I suppose my fierce American pride dictated that I would hate him.

Never in my wi ldest dream or imaginations would I ever dream that Fuchida's path would cross mine. But years later he had become a devout Christian and had become my brother. And it was one of the high points in my minist ry when Mitsuo Fuchida graced my pulpit at First Assembly, Kansas City. Kansas, and witnessed to his love for Jesus.

Oh, the marvels of the providence of God!

U. S. Grant, is no .... 81 and occasionally preach~ in Ihe Kansas CilY area. He began preaching al Ihe age of 20, pastonng in Texas and Oklahoma before accepting the pru.torate of First Assembly. Kansas City. Kamas. in 1946 ..... here he remained for 31 )·ears. He also sen'ed as Ihe assistant super· mtendent of Ihe Kansas District and ..... as a member of the Foreign Missions Board,

This Sailor Had a

Front-row Seat BY JAMES HANDLY Stockton, Missouri

James Handly was uansferred to Ford Island , Pearl Harbor, in November 1941. On Sunday morn­ing December 7, he made plans to attend chapel on the U.S.S. West Virginia, a banleship on which he had formerly served . And he was looking forward to seeing some of his old friends.

Then from his Ford Island bar­racks he heard lhe roar of several airplanes. He didn 't pay too much attention because the U.S. Navy carriers at sea would o ften send their planes to Ford Island . When he looked out the barracks window, he couldn ' ( believe his eye!). "A plane flew by, and I saw the Japanese rising sun on the side."

Bombs and torpedos began to ex­plode along battleship row not very far from his barracks. "We cou ld see ships on fire and men jumping overboard. We had no weapons and could only sit and watch the disaster, which was like watching a movie."

The West Virginia, the ship Handly would have been on for chapel service, was hit by torpedos and sank in the shallow water but remained upright (was later repaired and put back into service). The U.S.S. Arizona, which was an­chored next to the West Virginia, took a direct hit and to this day is the memorial tomb for more than 1 ,(xx) men.

When the Japanese planes had dropped all of their bombs, they strafed the barracks with machine gun fire . Later Handly was given a

AlG A.RCtIIV£'s. WIl"r>'Tt. R 1991-92 13

Jlmt' Ibndl)

weapon in the event there was an invasion. " I never felt hatred for them," he recalled recenlly, " even though I did not like what they did ." Within 10 days he was aboard his shi p, the U.S.S. Tangiers, an airplane tender, headed for Midway Island and eventually New Caledonia.

James Handly joined the U.S. Navy in 1929 and became an aviation machinist . His wife and three children were preparing to join him at Pearl Harbor when the war started. He retired from the navy in 1949 and attended Central Bible College . From 1960-72 he was a layout artist for Gospel Publishing House . He and his brother­who was in the army air force at Hickam Field on December 7- are members o f the Pearl Harbor Survivors Assn .

War Comes to Winn Parish BY CECIL T. JANWAY Alexandria, Louisiana

As I got into Murphy T. Smith 's new car following the Sunday morn­ing worship service, I asked, " How much did you pay for this one?" The answer was $900.

"Too much, that 's too much, I answered . " Yes," he answered , "but this car has a heater plus a radio. "

I laughed when he said radio because I couldn't believe a radio would work in a car without a ground connection, like our radio had at horne.

14 A/ G ARCHIVE'S, WINTER 1991-92

But he assured me that a radio would work in a car. " Watch," he said as he fl ipped on the rad io switch . Out of the speaker we heard sounds of planes and bombs exploding.

I stared and listened and then said, " It must be a soap opera." As we continued to listen, we learned that it was fo r real ; the Japanese were attacking Pearl Harbor , and we were listening to a description of the raid .

It 's a morning I shall never forget. I was 20 years old and was pas­

tor of my fi rst church, Antioch Assembly of God in Winn Parish, Louisiana. The church was located in Kisatchie National Forest where thousands of American troops were already playing war games at near­by Camp Polk. Brother Smith had

Ctcil T . Jln.u )

started a revival [hat morning; but because of the anxiety and turmoil in our community, we closed the revival on Monday night.

When I think back about that fate­ful Sunday, I think of the words of Jesus who said, " In such an hour as you think not, the Son of man cometh ." Though our nation had been warned , we still were not prepared. Pearl Harbor Day speaks to me of constant preparedness for the return of Christ.

Cecil T. Janway is superintendent of the Louisiana District CounciL He began his ministry at the age of 18. A month rollow­ing the above incident , he accepted a call to pastor First Assembly in Winn field. The church all racted many servicemen, and he

conducted tent meetings near Camp Pol k. Every day for the next year the Winnfield church sponsored prayer meetings espe­cially for servicemen and their families. Following a pastoral mi nist ry and a district youth director, he was elected district superintendent in 1976.

Fleeing the Bombs in Kunming, China

BY HOWARD c. OSGOOD Springfield, Missouri

The panic in the streets was in­describable. We [with IO-year-old daughter AnitaJ went slowly, watch­ing lest we be trodden down . Bro ken rickshaws, spilled baskets, loud bawling, till we were just outside the East Gate. " The enemy planes have come!" We lay flat, face down, on the dirt y sidewalk and prayed as we heard the machine guns and the exploding bombs. II was soon over. We rose to run again , crossed the bridge .. . and were soon in the midst of carnage! Had we been two minutes earlier, we might have been right there where hundreds of dead and wounded lay all about us. It was terrible! But how God had kept us!

This is an excerpt from Howard C. Osgood 's diary, December 18, 1941. Howard and Edith Osgood went to China in the 19205. After they had moved to the country because of the air raids, their Kunming home was destroyed by a bomb April 8, 194 1. The Osgoods now live at Maranatha Village. Springfield, Missouri. Anita is the wife of Gerriu W. Kenyon, pastor o f First Assembly, Millville, New Jersey. Her brother Brenton is National Speed-the-Light field representative.

Howard and Edl!!. OSKood with A nita and Hrenton

Four-Month Return Trip to India

BY HILDA WAGENKNECHT Las Vegas, Nevada

Yes, I remember Pearl Harbor Day. I was speaking in a Milwaukee church that Sunday morning and evening, giving my farewell mcs~ sages before leaving for my third term in India. After the last ser­vice, someone came to me and said, " You won't be able to leave for India; haven ' t you heard abom Pearl Harbor?" No. I had not heard .

Two days later I received a ietl er from the State Department in Wash­ington, D.C., asking me to return my passport at once as overseas civilian travel had been cancelled . Then the steamship company wrote asking me to return my ticket as they had cancelled all bookings .

It was a traumatic experience, and for the next year and a half I tried

-

every possible way to gel back to India. Then I heard of a shipping company in Argentina; so I wrote asking for a booking to India, but the reply came that it would not be safe. I replied that I was not afraid as the Lord would be with me and that I wanted to get back. "The Lord may be with you," they replied, " but the devil is surely down here. No booking."

Finally I was able to sail on a Portuguese ship from Philadelphia

l.tOnMrd a nd Ada Botlon .. ilh Io(obt rl Mnd Elsie in 1931.

"I gazed down at the beloved territory of Wei Nsi and the surrounding area and felt sick at heart at leaving the land of my calling. " - Leonlif1:1 Rolton aboard a flying TIger plane with his family being airlifled from Southwest China to India after ~art of World War II. They caught a ship in Rombay for the United States and then returned 10 China 5 years laler. From unpublished manuscripl by Elsie Bolton Watchman, What 0/ the Night? See Leonard Bolton's China Call (Gospt"1 PUblishing House, 1984) for his life siory.

to Portugal. After more Ihan 3 weeks of waiting, I boarded another Portuguese ship which traveled down the west coast of Africa (struck by lightning enroute), then around Capetown and up the east coast. After another month's delay, I was able to board a warship at Durban, East Africa, for Bombay, India.

It took 4 months from Phila­delphia to Bombay, but God pro­tected me and brought me safely to my destination .

Hilda Wagenknecht served as a mission­ary in North India fro m 1922 to 1960. Her sister Edna served under appointment to

North India from 1926-58. Even though the 92·year-old I·hlda relired in 1964. she is still working, taking care of church records al Trinity Life, Las Vegas, Nevada, and still takes speaking engagements .

Revival Stirs Flint BY CURTIS W. RINGNESS

Highland, California

Pearl Harbor Day fo und me in the middle o f an evangelistic crusade in Ai nt, Michigan, with Pastors Ken neth and Paula Brown . It was the firsl revival in their beauti ful new sanctuary.

Just prior to the Aint meetings my wife and I had conducted a series of revival meet ings in Oklahoma and Kansas. T he crusade in Baxter Spri ngs, Kansas was going so well that the pastor asked us to continue at least another week . I remai ned until the following Friday , Novem· ber 28, and left on a midn ight bus

Curtis '\ . KingntliS

out o f Joplin , Missouri , for Aint to open the meeting on Sunday. Ruth, an excellent evangelist in her own right , closed OUI the meetings in Baxter Springs and then drove with our infant daughler to her parents' home in Coffeyville, Kansas, where I would join them for the Christmas holidays .

The first week of the Aint meet ­ing went well, but from Pearl Harbor Day on we had a mighty move of the Hol y Spirit. Almost

CQ nlinued on page 31

AlG ARCHIVJ::s , WINTER 1991-92 15

CONCLUDING PART

BERTWEBB AMan byGod His pattern was simple: evangelize in a new area, begin a church, pastor for a while, turn it over to someone else, and move to another city.

By Glenn Gohr

I n 1929 Bert Webb was invited to return to Oklahoma from

Minnesota-where he had gone to evangelize and pastor-to deliver the commencement address for Southwestern Bible School at Enid. Guess who was there? Charlotle Williamson, the young woman who had caught Bert's eye at a 1927 youth convention, was sealed in the Enid audience. Afterwards they went on a date before he returned to Minnesota.

It was a social experience that would help change their lives.

By this time Charlotte was living in Oklahoma City where her father, Fay Williamson, was minister of music and visitation at Faith Tabernacle. The WilJiamsons were a musical family, having been converted from the professional stage (see accompanying Story, "Grace Williamson's 1914 Heal­ing"). Their ministry included conducting "live" gospel broadcasts over Faith Tabernacle's radio

16 AlG AKCHIVIo:S. W1f'1oTEK 1991-92

station K~FG. Charlotte played the piano for the church and produced her own kindergarten broadcast, .. Aunt Polly and Play-Like Time," which had become one of KSFG's most popular programs. 12

Bert and Charlotte corresponded for the next year, and then he returned to Oklahoma during the 1930 Christmas season and asked her to marry him. They were married at Faith Tabernacle by William Kitchen on June 14, 1931.

Bert couldn't have asked for a more suitable minister's wife. Warm, outgoing, and ambitious Char lotte soon became deeply involved in her husband's ministry at the thriving Alexandria Gospel Tabernacle, Alexandria, Minnesota.

But the call to evangelize and pioneer kept Bert from putting his roots down too deep in Alexandria. One day he told Charlotte that he felt it was time to enter the evangel­istic field as a team. He enjoyed pastoring, but his call at the time

AboH, Assis lllni Gfnfnill SUPfrlnlfndUI ~rl \\tbb, righi , dis­cussing I~S8 .. orld fH nlS .. llh (,cntrlll ~(ffUH) J . Ros ... rll Ho .. er . In Ihr pholo III Ihf riJ(hl . lkrl \hbb conferr;n\( .. ilh his SfcrrIiH). r\hfl;:r l.Hslfn.

was to evangelize and pioneer. Resigning the Alexandria pastorate in May 1932, the Webbs entered the evangelistic field.

Then an opportunity opened to pioneer a church at St. Cloud, Minnesota. Bert felt compelled to launch the new church, and within 2 years the congregation grew to 200. By 1934, with the 51. Cloud church thriving, Bert believed it was lime to turn the new church over to someone else and go on the road again. It was a patlern he had developed with considerable success.

During the 19205 and 19305, as he traveled throughout the Central states for meetings. he always managed to have a car for transportation-despite the hard­sh ips of the Great Depression. As Webb puts it, "When I started preachi ng, an Assemblies of God evangelist couldn't ma ke it without a Ford car and a trombone. So I acquired both and went at it."IJ

18 AlG ARCHIVES, WINTER 1991-91

F rom Minnesota the Webbs were invited by Albert and William

Pick thorn to hold a meeting at Memphis, Tennessee, during the fall of 1934. A mighty move of God resulted and the crowds more than filled a tent that would seat hundreds. During the 5-week cam­paign there, nearly 100 were converted and many received the Pentecostal experience. This great stir was a factor in the growth of First Assembly of Memphis which has become one of the st rongest A/G churches in the South. 14

The Webbs also traveled 10 Columbus, Georgia; Dyersburg, Tennessee; Cairo and Springfield, Illinois; and Russellville, Arkansas, for revival meetings.

While holding services at Russell­ville, in a large brush arbor, a man approached Bert and asked him if he wou ld consider coming to Hope, Arkansas, to be their pastor .

Bert had never heard of Hope,

u rI , Htrl li nd Chllrloltt Wrbb on Ihelr .. ·t'ddln !!. dllY, 193 1; btLow. III MLI .. ll uket GtnullL Council . 1953; boltom, porln il Illken in 1980s.

which is in southwest Arkansas about 20 miles from Texarkana, and it didn't take long for him to respond: "No, I'm an evangelist. I wouldn't be interested in pastoring."

The man looked half-stunned and disappointed. As he left, he said. "Thank you. God bless you."

As the man was driving away, Bert fell God dealing with him about his answer. It seemed as though God was saying: "The least you could have done is to say ' I'll pray about iL' You laughed in the man's face."ls

Immediately Bert felt he must apologize to this man. He learned his name and called him on the phone and asked him to forgive him for his curt reply.

After accepting his apology, the man asked, "Are you going to the General Council in Dallas?"

"Yes," replied Webb. "Well, you'll drive right through

Hope. Why don't you stay a ll night and we'll arrange a service?"

Webb agreed to hold the service. When he arrived for the meeting, it was raining, and he found only 16 people at the church. They were meeting in a 60- by 150-foot skating rink .

Nothing spectacula r happened that night, and thinking th is had freed him from all obligation to the congregation at Hope, Bert went on to Dallas to attend the 1935 Council.

Arriving early for one of the ses­sions, he was slanled to find the 12 members of the Hope church silting on the steps of the Fair Pa rk Auditorium in downtown DaUas. He questio ned them as to what they were doing there.

"We had a prayer meeting, prayed nearly aU night. We feel like you ought to be our pastor. We decided we'd just come to Dallas and talk to you ."

He replied , " Folks, I am touched. I am overwhelmed. But I can't be your paslOr. I'm an evangelist. I've resigned every church I ever had to be an evangelist. I've got meet ings scheduled, I guess, fo r a solid year."

The people would not take "no" for an answer. They insisted that he postpone his next meeting and come

and hold a revival for them. Finally he agreed to come, and he brought Fred Henry, the famous blind pianist, to help with the services.

After preaching for 3 weeks with­out 3 conversions, he planned to go elsewhere to evangelize. But then he felt a tug to SlaY and be their paslOr. Charlotte also felt a wilness to this. People began to get saved and filled with the spirit. Before long the church grew to 300 people. The church was beginning to prosper when Webb announced that James Hamill, a young evangelist from Mississippi, would be coming to hold evangelistic services.

A mighty move of God transpired beginning on the Sunday before Hamill arrived. Twenty-four people were saved that day, with the meeting continuing into the afternoon. Dur­ing that same week others found the Lord in their homes. Eight or nine had received the Baptism before Hamill arrived! In 4 weeks, over 100 were converted and scores received the baptism in the Spi rit. Several leading businessmen of the com­munity became zealous disciples of the Lord. 16

Hope became quite a harvest field. Several of the young people went into the ministry. Soon the church was running over 400 people in Sunday school and church.

Then one Sunday morning Bert got up to preach and found the pul pit committee from Central Assembly in Springfield, Missouri, Sitting in his congregation. What a surprise! They wanted 10 observe his preaching , see the congregat ion, and ask him to consider becoming their pastor. He graciously thanked them for considering him for such a position, but he declined the offer for a number of reasons. He told them he was an evangelist and a pio neer preacher, and he had never fo llowed anot her pastor in a pulpit, had only pastored churches he had started.

Bert did not wish to candidate at the church, but he did agree to preach in the Sunday services a couple of weeks later.

As soon as the men left, God gave him a peace that indeed he would

become the next pastor of Celllrai Assembly in Springfield.

Two weeks later Bert preached at Central Assembly and the people elected him as pastor.

When the Webbs announced they would be leaving Hope 10 pastor Central Assembly in Springfield, the people thought they would like to have James Hamill as their pastor. Hamill was preaching a revival at Houston at the time. Bert went to Houston and spoke with him, and sure enough, Hamill agreed to pastor the Hope church.

T h e Hope, A r kansas, church members followed Webb to the 1935 Dallas Genera l Coundl and convinced him that he should become their pastor.

The Hamills only a short time before had decided it was time for them to take a pastorate, due to the fact that their young son wou ld soon be in school. (Hamill later was the long-time pastor of First Assem· bly, Memphis, and served as an executive presbyter.)

I t was 1939 when Bert Webb became pastor of Central

Assembly. Ralph Riggs, the former pastor , had been elected super­intendent of the Southern Missouri District and later rose to become general superintendent. Webb and Riggs had a warm, personal friend­ship. One time Riggs told Webb that , outside of his own family, he felt closer to him than to any other person he knew.17 They had a won­derfu l rapport.

Webb found the people a t Central 10 be dedicated and loving. It was a very missions mi nded church, send­ing a number of missionaries out to the foreign field. Charlotte Webb served as direclOr of the orchestra, and the Sunday school advanced, exceeding all previous records in attendance. During one period of time last ing 7 months, from 2 to 12 people were saved every Sunday.

One of the high points of Webb's ministry at Central was the meeting with Dr. Charles S. Price which he sponsored at the Shrine Mosque in 1940.

Three times weekly, on Spring­field's KITS radio station, Webb broadcast "The Church By the Side of the Road" which included a ladies trio. He also broadcast a weekly program on KWTO called "Assembly Vespers." The name was later changed to "Sermons in Song." The new title was so catchy that the national AlG radio broad­cast adopted the same name for its weekly program which began in 1946. 18 The two radio programs altracted many visitors. and usually 2 or 3 people would get saved every Sunday.

Pastoring Central Assembly was no easy task. It wasn't uncommon for Bert to teach the sanclUary Sunday school class. preach in the morning, hold a funeral at 1 :30 in the afternoon, speak on the radio program at 4:30, and then conduct the evening service-all this on a Sunday!

Afler successfully pastoring Cen­tral for 4 years, Webb was elected superintendent of the Southern Missouri District in 1943, once again following in the steps of his predecessor Ralph Riggs. At that time the district office was located in the Woodruff Building in down· town Springfield. Bert's secretary was a bright and efficient girl straight out of high school, Betty Thompson, who later became the wife of Philip Wannenmacher and served many years as secretary to Thomas F. Zimmerman. Webb kept his d istrict position until 1949 when he was elected as an assistant general superintendent.

D uring his 20-year term (1949-1969) as ass istant genera l

superintendent, a t various times he served as executi ve director of the Sunday School, Youth (Christ 'S Ambassadors). Evangelism. Rad io, Personnel, and Pub lications Depart~

ments a l the AIG headquarters. He also became active in the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE)

AlG ARCHlvt:s, WI NTER 1991 -92 19

and headed the National Sunday School Association for Evangelical and Protestant churches.

The last ten years (1959-1969) at Headquartes he served as executive director of the Publications Depart ­ment. This included personal respon­sibility and supervision of the creation, editing, producing, and marketing of various A/G period­icals. books. and literature. He had oversight of the divisions of Church School Literatu re. Music, Merchan­dising, The Pentecostal Evangel, and the overall Gospel Publishing House operation . He also served as chairman of (he building committee for (he $3 million administrative office building at 1445 Boonvi lle Avenue which was occupied in 1%2. 19

During the same period he served 9 years as chairman of the Com­mission on Chaplains where he was responsible for 46 active duty A /G chaplai ns assigned to the Army, Navy, and Ai r Force. In 1969, he was a member of the 8-man National Advisory Board for the United States Air Force Chief of Chaplains in Washington. D.C.

He also was appointed by the Air Force Chief of Chaplains, and the Department of Defense, to conduct preachi ng missions in Europe on military bases and to conduct Christian Education Conferences on bases throughout the Pacific. In line with (his and many other respon­sibilities, Webb has traveled in more than 62 countries of the world.20

At the 1959 General Council it took 9 ballots before the general superintendent was elected.21 One of the men who figured high in the running was Bert Webb. On the 9th ballot Thomas F. Zimmerman received the required two-thirds vote and was elected superintendent. Bert sincerely thought this to be the will of God.

Aft er Zimmerman's elec tion , Webb continued to serve as assistant general superintendent until 1%9 when he retired and moved to Cali fo rnia where he became admin­istrator of a 262-bed convalescent hospital owned by a group of AlG ministers. Then, in recognition of

20 AlG ARCHIVES. WINTER 1991·92

his long years of service as an A/ G official, he was named an honorary general presbyter at the 1971 General Council.

For about 5 liz years Bert and Charlotte, who was execmive house­keeper, operated Royale' Con­valescent Hospital in Santa Ana, California. 22 In keeping with it s name, a slogan of the hospital was .. Where each guest is royalty." During this time Webb preached in many West Coast A/G churches. They left their position in Santa

Bert Webb it 1949 General Council. S('IIIII .. , .. ·hrre he "-1iS elHttd an assiSllint , .. nelll l super· intendent.

Between 1939-49 Bert Webb jumped from an obscure southwest Arkansas pastorate to assistant general superintendent.

Ana in February 1974 to establish a pioneer church at Mission Viejo, California. Webb was 68 years old at the time! A full-t ime pastor was installed to succeed him there in June 1975, and the church has con-. tinued to prosper.

During early 1976 Bert was en­gaged in Minister's Institutes and camp meetings across the country. From June through December 1976 he served as inte rim pastor at

Rockwood Park A/G in Fort Worth, Texas, while its pastor, Ira Stanphill, was recovering from brain surgery,

In January 1977 the Webbs moved back to Springfield where Bert accepted the position of campus pastor at Evangel College. His "congregation" of 1,800 was com­prised of both students and facu lty, and his responsibilities included scheduling chapel serv ices , con­ducting the services, speaking in some serv ices, and counseli ng students. After 6 very rewarding years, he "retired" in May 1983 with a convict ion that it might be time for a younger man to carryon the job. 2J Charlotte was active in the college auxiliary during the entire 6 years. The Evangel athletic teams never had anyone who supported them any more than did the Webbs.

I n recent years Bert Webb has been interim pastor at Willamette

Christian Center in Eugene, Oregon (twice for 6 months each time); Park Place A/ G at Houston , Texas (2 Y2 years); and churches at Fort Worth , Texas (6 months); Biloxi , Missis­sippi (4 months); and most recently, Omaha, Nebraska (5 months).24

The Webbs have made a happy home for three adopted children. One of these, Sharon Elaine, died with cancer at the age of 5. Their son is Tom Bert Webb who has worked for 29 years in the press­room of the Gospel Publishing House. Tom has three sons. The Webbs' other daughter, Mary Sue, is married to Gale Stubblefield, and they have three sons and one daughter. There are seven great­grandchildren.

This past June, Bert and Charlotte celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary. It was esti­mated that more than 300 friends and fam ily members packed into the Holiday Inn North of Springfield for the occasion. Nearly 30 rela­tives from Oklahoma, Kansas, and Florida were together as a family group for the first time in about 20 years. Also a number of couples that Webb had married while pastoring

Cont inued on pige 28

Grace Williamson's . 9.4 Healing How Charlotte Webb's Mother Was Healed of Spina l Menlnllltis

. '11) lind Grllc~ \ \ i lUllrnson and Iheir ' ''0 children Chnloltr lind Jimm). in tht IlItr 1920s.

M any are the accounts of pea· pie who were attracted to the

early Pentecostal movement because of a physical healing, a powerful delive ra nce, or an outstandi ng conversion.

Charlotte Webb's family is onc of these, for they experienced conver­sions and a marvelous healing in 1914 and became lifelo ng Pente­costals. (Charlotte married Bert Webb in 193 1.) Her mother. Grace Williamson, was stricken with spinal meningitis and was told she would die, but her healing changed all of that and gave the family a new d irect io n- from the theater to Christian evangelism.

Entertainers Fay L. and Grace Williamson had earned a livelihood by traveling across the country for the o ld Keith Circuit, per forming sk its and singing in local theaters.

Following a disastrous flood in Dayton, Ohio , where they were liv­ing in 1913 , the Will iamsons and their ch ild ren J immy and Charlotte

moved to Tu lsa, Oklahoma, and continued their life on the stage and entertained at parties and banquets.

One night Grace became sick, and doctors diagnosed her case as (he first stages of paralyzing spinal menmgtlls. For 2 months she struggled between life and death. Around the clock nurses kept an eye o n her condition. "As the disease raged, it twisted Mrs. Will iamson

News spread rapidly, and a parade of people came into the building to see the happy woman who had been healed of a terminal illness.

so completely that she faced the opposite d irect ion to her fee t, " C. M. Ward wrote in his 1968 story about the healing. It was impossible for her to walk.

Even though she was hopelessly bedfast and in much pain, Grace Williamson became angry when Martha Kitchen talked to her about her spiritual condit io n.· But Grace's husband was more receptive when anot her believer invited him to a tt end a church service. Wi ll iamson came home and joyfully told his wife that he had been converted.

G race Wi ll ia mson was un­impressed and told her husband that he could fo llow the Lord if he wanted to, but she wanted no part of the church. Only when the doctor told her she could not live was she willing to consider a spirit ual change in her own life. She asked friends to call Mrs. Kitchen to return .

Continued on pall' 28

' Martha Kitchen was thc .... ife of William Kitchen. members of what is nowC,mral Assem­bly, Tulsa. Latcr they became pastors of the church. William Kitchen also performed the marriage ceremony for Bert and Charlotte Webb on June 14, 1931. at Faith Tabernacle In

Oklahoma City.

AlG ARC HIVES, WI/'lo'TER 1\191 -92 21

PART 2

The Canadian I erusalem The Story of James and Ellen Hebden

and Their Toronto Mission By Thomas William Miller

Into All the Wodd T he Hebden Mission, like its

counterpart " the American Jerusalem " in Los Angeles, was a mecca for many of the early Peme· COSlal evangelists and Umerant workers. Toronto became a key s topping point, for George Chambers reported that he had met

Or. T homll WIlliam Miller 15 auocillfli wllh lIerlll,e Christian MlnlstriH. CaIClr, .. AIMr1a. Ht hIS strvfll on the flculty of Eulem Penle­coslal I:Ilble Collfte , Pelerborouch , Oniario. lie rt«h'flI hi. M.S.T. Ind Ihe Ph.D. from Iht Unlvuslty of Saskalchewan . He ha. compl tted a new book mlnU5Cript on Ihe hlslory of the Penl«oltal AlSfmbliH of Canada. Ills rtltareh has tlken him 10 tht Htbdrn Mission . Toronlo. the rools of Clnldian Penl«05lall5m and Ihe PenlK051al A.utmbliH of Canada (PAOC). IItrllQlt published Pin 1 of Ihl5 M'riH in the fan 1991 wut. A loncer venlon of the 1r11· de WIJ publlJllfli In Ihe 5princ 1986 I$$ue of PrltumQ. pp. 5·29. fltrllQlt ,,'111 publtsh Par1 J In I lattr I$$ue.

PHOTO .401:10\ E: James lind Ellen lIebden eon­dueled Pentecoslal Stll' jets in Ihis bulldlnlt .. hleh II 5tlll stlndln. al 651 QUffn Strtt l. Toronlo. The phOlo&nphtr .ddl'd Ihe Easl End Mission lellerln. 10 tht window to (th t It II 1906 IIppear­IIn«. Courtesy of Pent«o$11I1 AsStmbliH of Ca nld. Arch"·H.

22 AlG ARCHIVES. Wlr'ooTER 1991·92

many "workers from all over the world who had come to see and experience what God was doing for hundreds of others." At the Hebden Mission he met the returned mis· sionaries Herbert Randall and H. L. Lawler, and Thomas Hindle who later went overseas as well. Frank Bartleman stopped off in Toronto during one of his worldwide tours, and Daniel Awrey, who had re· ceived the Baptism in 1890 in Ohio. a1so visited the East End Mission. 15

James and Ellen Hebden were the acknowledged leaders of the Latter Rain Movement in Toronto for nea rly a decade, though their influence gradually declined for reasons to be discussed later.

One of the chief by·products of the outpouring of the Spirit at the Mission was that missionaries Randall and Lawler both came into the Pentecostal experience there. These two men, before returning to their overseas field, Egypl and China respectively, went to

Canada's capital city and introduced the Pentecostal doctrines to its inhabitants. They were joined by Robert E. McAlister, who had earlier received the Baptism at Los Angeles, on December II , 1906. 16

He was to become one of the lead ing figures in Canadian Pcmecostalism in the years that followed; he helped establish the Ottawa church, pas­tored a number of others, was founder of the Pentecostal Testi­mony, the official publication of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada (PAOe), was a founder of and administralOf for the organization, and was renowned as a Bible teacher. He had been converted in a Holiness Movement church near Cobden, Ontario. and thus found much in common with the Hebdens and those who gathered al their mission. One cannot be certain at this point, but it seems reasonable to assume that "R. E.," as he was affectionately called, was in con· tact with Randall and Lawler in

Toronto, for he obviously planned at one time to go to some overseas field at the same time the other two men left. In his first report of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in the Ottawa vicinity, R. E. identified himself as one of the missionaries enroute to the foreign fieldY

Herbert Randall had received the baptism of the Spirit at the Hebden's meetings in March of 1907, while home on furlough. Before going to Ottawa, he began Pentecostal works in Wingham and Stratford. 18 After a short visit in Portland, Oregon, he went to Ottawa in December 1910, and became the leader of a local Pente· costal revival in the nearby hamlet of Kinburn, about 30 miles away. R. E. arrived shortly afterwards and immediately became active both at Kinburn and then at Ottawa. By May 1911, he reported that more than 70 had been baptized in the Spirit at Kinburn, and that some had received miraculous healings. In later meetings more than 20 more had a Pentecostal experience and a church building was soon erected in Kinburn. It was the first such st ructure erected in Canada specifically for a Pentecosta l congregation. The Randalls and the Lawlers moved on to other fields of service, but McAJister remained to pastor in Ottawa. A few residents there had received the Baptism in the autumn of 1908, and the Hebden's magazine contained an account from William Watt of Ottawa, in March 1910, reporting his Pentecostal baptism. Watt added that he had left the Holiness Move· ment church in the city because of its criticism of the Pentecostal experience as a "delusion."19

R. E. rented a hall in Ottawa and held meetings which were attended by large crowds, including some of the highest ranking members of the city's middle class. C. E. Baker came into the movement as a result of the supernatural healing of his wife. She had suffered long with cancer and was facing another operation when she asked to have "hands laid on" her at the Pente· costal meetings. The result was an

instantaneous healing. Baker gave up his business in the city and became a Pentecostal evangelist, working first in the eastern town· ships, and then moving into Quebec. His first meetings at McBean were marked by many conversions, and thus encouraged he launched a new work in Montreal. Until his death in 1947, "Daddy" Baker directed an evangelistic thrust in Montreal and encouraged outreach to other parts of the province. He invited Aimee Semple McPherson to the city in 1920 and her meetings that year have been described as the greatest revival in the history of Quebec. The largest church in the city could not hold the crowds and supernatural healings confirmed the word of God in so marked a manner as to lead many hundreds to seek salvation.

One miraculous healing was that of a Mrs. L. R. Dutaud. This

"[They camel from all over the world ... 10 see and experience what God was doing for hundreds of others."

-George Chambers

woman was the wife of a Baptist preacher and had been given up to die because of tuberculosis of the throat . cancer, and other infections. At her insistence she was taken to the Pentecostal meetings, and there was completely healed. Her husband became an assistant to C. E. Baker and then assumed responsibility for all of the French·speaking Pente· costal work in the province. 20

The work in Montreal also ex· panded to include Jtalian·speaking residents and eventually there arose an all· Italian organizat ion affiliated with the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada. This long, tenuous arm of the Hebden Mission's influence can be traced still further: in the 1920s a young Methodist pastor, disillu· sioned with what he perceived as creeping modernism in his denom· ination, left Newfoundland to attend Moody Bible Institute. En· route, he stopped off at Baker's

church in Montreal to investigate Pentecostalism. Four years later, having received his own Laoer Rain experience, Eugene Vaters felt called by God 10 take the "full gospel" to his homeland. Again, he and his wife visited Montreal, and for a time assisted in a suburban mission hall. He also visited fledgling Penlecostal works in the Maritimes, and then began a lifetime of minislry in New· foundland. In a few years he had become general superintendent of the Newfoundland churches, and invited Pastor Baker to St. John's for meetings. As a result, the Pentecostal church in Ihe city was "greatly strengthened. "21 The ties between the MOnlreai church and the Pentecostals of the island. which came into the Canadian Confeder­ation in 1949, always have been especially close. The Hebden in· fluence nmurally declined with the passing of years and the spread of the Latter Rain to Ihe farthest reaches of the Dominion, but it was unquestionably very slrong in the first decade of the movement in Canada.

T he East End Mission in Toronlo can be credited with influencing

the developnrent of Pentecostalism in Canada indirectly through the life of Robert Semple and his widely known wife Aimee. Robert Semple had immigrated to Canada from Britain and somehow had declined in his degree of commitment to Christ. George Slager met him at the Hebden Mission and reported:

Robert Semple renewed his conse· cration to preach (he Gospel, after the Lord healed him of TB. He also tarried and received the baptism in the Spirit during the eartiest days of the outpouring in the East End Mission.Zl Semple went to Ingersoll, in west·

ern Ontario, where he met young Aimee. She had been converted and filled with the Spirit in some local meetings in 1908 and agreed to become Semple's wife and go with him into the ministry. They held meetings in London, in the home of Dr. C. M. Wortman, during the winter of 1909·10. More than 100 received the bapt ism of the Spirit, many others were saved, and there

AlG ARCHlvt;S, WINTER 1991.92 23

were several remarkable healings. Robert and Aimee were assisting William H. Durham of Chicago at the time, where Aimee was pianist and an altar worker. They helped Durham in his meetings in Ohio and Chicago, then returned with them to London where still more were saved and filled with the Spirit. Then the three of them attended the Peme-

Robert Semple received the baptism in the Spirit at the Toronto mission.

costal Convcnlion in Toronlo in January 1910. The Promise, in reporting on the Convention, noted that:

Brother and Sister Semple broke away from the London meetings with Bro. Durham, who remained in London . . . and as they came we enjoyed another season of refreshing and another wave of baptisms. Brother Semple was so led of the Spirit that he always spoke to ed­ification; ... and Sister Semple's gift of interpretation was such a blessing in giving to us the very words in given tongues, that it made the prescn~ of God very manifest 10 all. They left for China shon ly after.2l

It is a well-know fact that Mrs. Scmple married Harold McPherson, following Robert Semple's unt imely death in China. She later relUrned to \:vangelism in Canada, preaching in a number of Ontario cemers. Besides her remarkable campaign in Montreal in 1920, she held city-wide mectings in Winnipeg, Manitoba; Lethbridge, Alberta; and Van­couver , British Columbia. Her ministry led to the United States and a career as an evangelist that made her one of the best-known preachers of the time. Ultimately she founded Angelus Temple in Los Angeles, LIFE Bible College, and the Intcr­national Church of the Foursquare Gospel. So great was the impact of her personality and her preaching that she was fondly remembered in Mo mrea l and Winnipeg decades later. Her meteoric career spanned the formative years of the 20th century Pentecostal Movement. Though the ministry of "Siste r Aimee" was carried out mainly in America, the Hebden Mission In

24 AlG ARc mvES, WINTER 1991-92

Toronto played no small part in shaping the destiny of the little farm girl from Ingersoll.

A nother visitor to the 1910 Con­vention was a "Bro. MCAlister

from Winnipeg," whose preaching was considered most acceptable. 2A

No Olher identification of this person was given in Mrs. Hebden's report of the Convention, but the Winnipeg visitor probably was R. E. McAlister, for he had held meetings about that time in the Manitoba city. That there were close relation· ships between the Toronto and the Winnipeg saints is evident from the visits to the former city by A. H. Argue (1868-1959), a man described by Gordon Aller as "probably the greatest Pentecostal evangelist Canada produced. "2$

From the first news of the Azusa Street outpouring that reached Winnipeg, there had been an inter· change of people going to Los Angeles to panicipate in the revival there, and returning north with glowing teslimonies. 26 A. H. Argue was a Winnipeg businessman and a Methodist "exhorter" when he first heard of the Latter Rain movement. He went to Durham's Mission in Chicago and there "waited on God for twenty-one days (until) ... I was filled with the Holy Ghost, speaking in other tongues as the Spirit gave utterance. "27 Following his personal Pentecost, Argue returned to Winni-

peg and began 10 hold "tarrying meetings" in his home. A local revival began which brought hun­dreds, perhaps thousands, of people under the innuence of the Pente­costal Movement. 28 One of those to receive "a mighty baptism" of the Spirit in the Argue meetings at that time was Harry Horton , father of Stanley M. Horton. 29

Argue arranged his financial affairs so as to provide his family with a regular income and became a full-time Pentecostal evangelist, ministering for many years through­out Canada and the United States. His son Watson and daughter Zelma traveled wilh him and later became evangelists in their own right. For a time, A. H. pastored in Winnipeg and it was in one of his meetings that Walter McAlister, later to be a general superintendent of the Pente­costal Assemblies of Canada, was filled with the Spirit and spoke in tongues.)!) But Pastor Argue's chief minist ry was evangelism and he made many early trips throughout the Dominion (0 preach the "full gospel." One of his first trips was to Toronto; from there he went to Ottawa, then down to the north­eastern states, back to Chicago, and finally on to Winnipeg. It is signif­icant that he chose Toronto as his first stop. In a report to William J. Seymour, editor of The Apostolic Faith, he wrote:

The first pla~ 1 visited was

Canlldians .. tltom«l thtlr o ... n Alm« Sfmplt MtPhuson (Wyt«l in unttr .. i!h tlmbourinr) bllck homr for this l"rthbrldgr. Albrrtl. nmplign during thf 5ummrr of 1920. Othrl'll .. ur identifird .. ith tht IIsststntt of Oooglas Rudd . dlr«tor of tht PenlftOstl1 Aswmblln of Canadl Archh". Fronl ro .. ·• from trft . I)r . H. Geddes. Mrs. II . G«Ides. MIIr) Crouch Cld .. aldrr. Wltson Arllur. Phillip Sthntlder. and O~U1r Iknhym. S«ond ro .... George Sthntldtr. nc.t Ihr« unidentifird. Hugh Cad"llder . Mrs. McPherson. " atler MtAlistcr (plstor of the thuf('h). 1\11'$. John MtAlistrr. John MtAlisttr (\ohltu 's pl rents). nut 1" 0 unidenllnctl. Third ro .. ·• fourth from teft. Lila MtAlislrr (Mrs. J. Skinner): fifth from right. Mrs. Edgar TI)lor: nd on the cnd. MI'5. TI)tor's daullhlrr. Lillin. .-ourth ro .... Sof('ond from right. Hugh MtA lister. t'holo tOUflesl of Jim" Crouch.

Torol'to. at \'\'hich pla~ I did enjoy the feUow:.hip of the saints. Pentecost has fallen in at least fi\e missions there .. )1

A nother evidence of the wide­spread influence of the East

End Mission is found in a leiter addressed to Mrs. Hebden from Brownlee, a small Saskatchewan community. The writer, S. T. Odegard, outlined the events in his life which led him into the Latter Rain Movement. He reponed that his hunger for rea lity in religion had

"No collections are taken up except for Missions. Faith in God is the greatest inspiration, and God, so far, has supplied all needs."

-Ellen Hebden, 1909

led him to read his Bible. From a tract he got the address of the Hebden Mission, and in July 1907, he went to Toronto. There he was instructed by James Hebden, was baptized in water, and then received the Holy Spirit infil ling, and spoke in new tongues. On his return to Saskatchewan, he wrote to express thanks to God. Odegard opened a Pentecostal "philanthropic mission" in Moose Jaw, Saskatch­ewan, In 1913 and personally financed that work until 1950. When he was 84 years of age, he sold the building but left the sum of $3,000 in a local bank for the establishment of a new Pentecostal church. The nucleus of this early Pentecostal congregation eventually joined with the Pentecostal Assem­blies of Canada. 32

Scattered references such as these make it abundantly clear that the Hebden Mission in Toronto had an influence in Canada which was out of all proportion to its size.

Though the Hebdens did not itinerate like other early Pentecostal leaders, they appear to have made a few visits to Ontario towns to promote the revival: for example, they visited Sarnia in August 1908. They maintained close contact too

uu -....... -

FULL GOSPEL EVERY NIGHT

with the fledgling Latter Rain groups at Abingdon, Hartford, and Ottawa, in Ontario, as weJl as with the six or more Pentecostal missions in Toronto. They probably were well-known to R. E. MCAlister, and they mOSt certainly had cordia l relations with A. H. Argue. In fact, it would appear that some workers from Winnipeg were channeled through the Hebden Mission en­route to their respective fields.

The Promise of March 191 0 con­tained a repon on the progress made to that date in sending out mission­aries. It noted that there were then five Pentecostal workers in MongoJia-"three from 651 Queen Street East, Toronto, and two from Brother Argue's Mission in Winni ­peg. "Jl Thus there developed within a few years a tripartite axis of Canadian Pentecostals who looked toward Los Angeles, Toronto, and Winnipeg as the chief centers of the movement. Gradually, the Apos­tolic Faith Mission of William Seymour in Los Angeles lost it s overwhelming importance for the Canadian believers, and the Hebden Mission, for reasons to be described later, followed suit. Eventually, the broad stream of Canadian Pentecostalism was to flow east and west, rather than nonh and south, but the Hebden Mission was instru­mental in bringing about thi s change.

Before it lost its di s tinctive

position as the eariic':>t Pemecostal center in Canada. the Ilebden Mis­sion hclped launch a world-wide missionary outreach which in large measure shaped the program later developed by th e Pentecostal Assemblics of Canada. Two, whose work has already been nOlcd \Iocre Herbert Randall and H. L. Lawler,

The Hebdens stressed foreign missions and could list several who had left the mission for overseas ministry.

mIss Io naries o n furlough who received the baptism of the Spirit in the Mission. Another was Kin Wong, an emigrant from China who was converted in Toronto and , in February 1907, attcnded Ihe Queen Street meetings. There hc heard a woman address him, although he knew that she could not speak Chinese. He was later baptiled in the Spirit and made plans to return as a missionary to China .

By February of 1909, Mrs. Hebden could write in The Promise that:

tn all, from this lill ie Mission, there have sailed to the following fields one missionary 10 South Africa, one to India, two more sail for China in a few days, and there are five others who have received calls who are waiting orders, amongst the rest, Bro. Kin

Con l lnLl~d on pYII~ 30

Ale.. AKCUlH::', \\ I'iTU( 1991-92 25

o In the Crossfire I from page 9

slccping bags on the noor and had little protection from the bitler cold.

One bright side of the Stanley internment came when the mission­aries organized Bible studies. They cou ld squeeze 40 people into one room and Mrs. Hall reported that "there were prayer meetings every night, three Bible studies a week, three children's services, crusaders' services, and Sunday nighl open air meetings. "

As a result of the gospel effons, many of the internees who had shown little spiritua l inclination turned to the Savior. 12

T he other women who had boarded the Asama Maru al

Hong Kong for the return to America were longtime AlG missionaries in northern China, Marie Stephany, Henrietta Tieleman. and Alice Stewart.

Maric-who was known by her Chinese friends as "Mother Peace" -had arrived in North China on Thanksgiving Day 1916. Henrietta and Alice joined Marie in 1926 to help her develop a strong ministry in Ta Ch 'ang, Shansi, despite a civil war and Japanese occupation; even af:er the occupation began in the late 1930s, the women built a church that would seat a thousand people. IJ

would only accept after they saw their hosts eat the same food. 14

The three American missionaries were to ld they would be repatriated along with about a hundred other Americans in Shansi Province. After several days on trains and a ferry, the internees arrived in Hong Kong where they boarded the Asama Maru with the Hong Kong missionaries .

Adele Dalton, who had met Marie Stephany after she had returned to the United States in 1942, described Marie's departure from the people she had served since 1916.

With mingled emotions-joy as she thought of the victories God had used her to accomplish, and sadness because she must leave the people she loved- Marie turned the work in Ta Ch'ang and the surrounding villages over to her faithful Chinese workers. Marie was 63 years old when she left China, never to return. 15

D espite the danger of traveling on a Japanese ship during the

summer of 1942, the unsanitary conditions, and lack of food, the internees aboard the Asama Marn could sing a new song as they sailed closer and closer to Lourenco Marques (changed to Maputo in 1976). Waiting in the harbor was a beautiful sight: the Swedish Gripsholm which could take them on the America. 16

Despite the Chinese Civil War and the Japanese occupation, Marie Stephany, Henrietta Tieleman, and Alice Stewart built a church that would seat a thousand,

Alice, who is the only survivor of the three, recalled some of their experiences recently from her home at Maranatha Manor, Springfield, Missouri. "During the occupation, the Japanese didn't bother us much. But then after Pearl Harbor was bombed, the soldiers began carrying rifles when they came to our compound." Following America's entry into the war, Alice remembers offering soldiers tea and something to eat; for fear that the Americans might poison them, the soldiers

26 AlG AJlCHtVES. WINTER 1991·92

It was the end of a long night of terror for the missionaries and other civilians who had been caught in the Far East on the fateful December 7, 1941.

J essie Wengler was not so for­tunate.

Another in a long line of coura­geous single female missionaries, she had served in Japan since 1919 and had not been back to America since 1934. On December 7, 1941,shewas caught in Tokyo, the only A/ G mis-

sionary still in the country, and would remain there throughout the war. She was never incarcerated but became a prisoner in her own house.

In a report published in the Pente­costal Evangel a month after Pearl Harbor was bombed, Noel Perkin included Jessie Wengler' s name along with other missionaries but could offer little news. "She has not been at all well, and we do not know what her present circumstances may beY

Trapped in Tokyo, Jessie Wengler was under house arrest for 4 years.

It would be a long 4 years before Jessie could tell her story.

One day just after the war began five Japanese detectives showed up at Jessie's house and began a thorough search for maps and other items which they did not want her to have.

"J was greatly troubled," she wrote after the war, "when I remembered I had about 3 thousand yen of church money in a trunk upstairs. "18

She prayed silently that the men would not find God's money. Finally after 2 or 3 hours of search ing throughout the house the detectives came to the trunk and asked the nervous Jessie for the key.

"They opened the trunk, looked over a few papers in the top, and then one of them said, 'We have been here a long time and have found nothing . We do not need to look through all of this.' "19

It was the first of many close calls Jessie Wengler would face during the next 4 years in Tokyo. She was viewed as the enemy, especially when she refused to display a Jap­anese flag on patriotic days. One of the most difficult hardships was being cutoff from America. Only two letters reached her during the war-delivered 2 and 3 years after they were mailed-and a telegram from Noel Perkin, A / G secretary of Foreign Missions.

Toward the end of the war when hundreds of American 8-29s rained

incendiary bombs o n the cilY, she fled for her life along with thou­sands of Japanese civilians. "I had been through the great earthquake in 1923, but that night of incendiary bombing was the worst night of my life. "20

As she ran through the walls o f fire, she took time to breathe prayers for civilians around her and for the sa fety of the American pilots above her. For herself, she said, " I was trust ing in God, leaning very hard on Him which brought assurance that all would be well. "21

NOTES I. Noel Perkin, "Occupy Till I Corne,"

Pentf!COSlal Evangel, SePI, 20, 1941, p. 6. Reprimed in AIG Herilage, fall 1991, pp. IS·I7.

2, Lula Bell Hough in mytaped illlcr~icv. with hcr, Cincinnati, May 14. 1987. Tv.o monlhs afJcr returning to America, she lold her SlOr)". '"The

o Nazi I r,om page II

In SlOckholm a custom officer spotted Schmidt in the cell and took him ashore, thus thwarting the plans of the freighter captain. Even in Stockholm, however, he remained in a prison cell for several days until his friend Lewi Pethrus, pastor of the Filadelphia Church, was able lo

have him released . As they walked away from the

Swedish authorities , Schmidt re­marked to Pethrus, " In Jerusalem an angel came to take Peter out of the prison and after nearly twO thousand years-" Pethrus inter­rupted him to add , " Pethrus takes out an Angel.' '8

NOTES

l. Fred Smolchuck, "Slavic 1mmigralllS to America and the Pentecostal Experience," AIG Herilage (Summer 1989), p. 9. While in the Uniled States from ]924 10 1930, ZapJishny became ehairman o f the Penlecostal Union of the Slavic Churches in America. Katharina Varonacff returned to America in 1959.

I am aware of the many nationals in Europe who suffered for their faith during this same period, bUI the scope of this article does not include these courageous brOlhers and sisters, many of whom were martyred. [n his book Songs in Ihe Nighl (Gospel Publishing House, (945) Schmidt wrote about those who suffered far worse than he did: "So often in my dark cell, 1 thought of my Slavic brelhren in Eastern Europe who had corne under the heels of despots and under the wheels of Ihe war machine. My suffer­ing is nothing in comparison to theirs" (p. 161). Two other books f(Xusing on Europe during this

Angel of Ihe Lord Encampmg Around." to Ptnt«OSlal Evansel re-ade-rs In the 1'0\ 14, 1942, issue. p. I She fe-turned to Hong I>.:ong after the lO.ar and ministered unlil 1915. In Januar)' ]990 she dedicaled a nev. thr«·stor)" ,hUTCh building at Fanling, the church ~he

founded more than SO )ear~ ago. 3. 'bid 4 Ibid. S. Ibid. 6. Ibid. IlIIernees aboard the Asama \furu

dubbed il Ihe A.uhma Maru 7. "China Missionarie~ in U.S. Afler

Japanese Internmem," PenlKOslal E,'amltl. Sept 12, 1942, p. g.

8. '"Experience-s in Japane~e·Hdd Hong Kong," Penltc()51U1 E"angel, (Xt. 31, 1942. p. 8, A. Walker and Nell Hall published their memories of prison life in For Iht DurallOn in 1990. After returning to the U.S. in ]942, the Halls sened in Cuba and returne-d to South China after the- lO.ar. Follov.lng the Communist tal;:e-o~er in China. the Halls sened a \e\:ond term in Cuba, Ihen in HalO.aii. Hong Kong again, and under Home MissiOn!. Walke-r Hall died in lune 1990; Ncll Hall Ii," in Chico, California.

9. Ibid. 10. Ibid.

l 'hrough Ihe influence of this m~n, Le .. i " elhrus, pastor of Stockholm's t' ilAdt"lphiA Chur{'h, G. lIe-rberl Sl"hmidt WIIS releAsed from cuSlom lIu lhorities.

period are Edmund Hcit's The So~it/s Are­Coming, Gospel Publ ishing House, 1980; and OscalJeske's Revival or Re"o/ulion, Full Gospel Publishing House, Toromo, 1970; a copy of Fre-d Sehmokhu,k's unpUblished book manu· script From A:usa Streello Iht So~iet Union is in the AIG Archivcs.

2. Schmidt'S parems were reared in Poland but moved to Russia where Gustav was born in 1891. Following Mrs. Schmidt's death, the family returned to Poland in 19()8. GU$lav imigraled 10 America where he allended Rochesler Bible Training School, Rochcster, New York (1915·18) and then rC'Ceived mission· ary appointment with the Nisemblies of God. As an American citizen Schmid t returned to Poland in ]920 with the Pentecostal message and with a relief ministry to refugees.

3. G. Herbert Schmidt, "A Precious Life Laid Down fOf Jesus," The Gospel Caff, Feb. 1930, p. I. Carrie Schmidt, a Norwegian immigram, was known for her love and ge-ncrosity, often gi~ing her own clothing to a po\"eTly·stricken refugee.

4. Because of the Nazi pressures, the Danzig school was dosed in June ]938, but not before­hundreds of studellls were trained to preach and evangelize. The REEM field headquarters was

11 IbId. 12. IbId .. p. 9. ] 3. \iane Stephan) '\ Story is told m "\fmher

Peace," b) Adde f1ov.er Dalton, AIG Htrrlaf(t. IO.mter 1987·88, pp. 3·5, 18.

14. \1)" intenielO. IO.llh Ahce Stev.arl. Sept 29, 1991, Springfield, \I ISSQUfl

15. "\lOlher Ptace," p, 18, \farie Stephany died at the Belhany Retiremem lIome- in Lake-land. Florida, No~. 28, ]962. Her falthfu] worke-r Henrie-Ila Tiele-man returned to the- land of her ,alliug and died on Fe-b. 27, 1962, In

Taiv.an. 16, Lula Bell Hough reme-mber\ the- oomTa\1

betlO.ccn the IlIlernees headed for Ametil:a and those going bad 10 Japan "\\e looled lile rC'fugm, IO.hik the Japane~e lO.e-re- lO.elJ-dIe-~<ed

and no doubt had b«n lO.e-l1·fed '" 17. Noel Perlin, "Urgent i>ra)er Rcque-,t~."

Penl«OSlal E"an~e-I, Januar)' 3, 1942, p. g, Ig. Jes~ie Wengler, "Ocli,ercd from Dc1truc·

!Ion in Tokyo," AIG Herllagt, \pring 1985, pp. 6. 12 (reprinted from the Penl«OSlal E,'an gel, February 23, 1946). She- returned to Japan afte-r the war IO.here she- died in 19S8,

19, Ibid 20. Ibid, 21. Ibid. -t-

dosed in 1939 5. G. He-rbcrt Schmidt, Songs In Ihe ""I(hl

(Springfield. MO: Gospel Publishing House-, I94S). pp. 43, 46. 49·50, Se~'eral pri~ntrs had been torture-d. some had died of mainutrilion. and others had commilled suicide

6. Ibid, p. 182, 7. Ibid, p. 183. 8. Ibid, p. 191 A happy e'ltpeTience .... hlle

under Ihe Swedish aUlhorilics came for Schmidt when an officer thought Schmidt looked familiar and asked him if he had e~er b«11 to Stockholm before. As Lt turned out, the officer had htard Schmidl preach in Stockholm in 1919 and was baplized in lO.aler along with Schmidl"s fmure wife Carrie.

TO BE CONTINUEU, Desp ite the fac t that G. Herbert Sch midt found freedom in Stockh olm , his thoughts rema ined conti nua lly on his fami l} in Danzig, What li ttle mai l that came th rough brought sadness and deep sorrow, Food shortages and other deprivations concerned him . Then Ma rga ret Schmidt suffered a nervous breakdown and died. The welfare of his Ruth and Karin. now in the custody of their sick grandmother, weighed heavy on Schmidt ' s mind. and it wo ul d be mo re than 3 lears before they were reunited. The conclud ing part of the story will tell or the anguish and danger the two girls faced as the Russian a rmies drove into Danzig, A nd it will lell of G. Herbert Schmidt 's renewed ministry 10 Europe where he suffered a heart attack while preaching and died II few days la ler , The story will also have an update on Ruth and Karin . Walch for It In the spring 1992 Issue of Heritage, -t-

AlG A RC IUvt"::S, WI NTER 1991·92 27

o Healinglrrompage21

Mrs. Kitchen gladly returned and led the now repenl3nt Grace Williamson to the Lord. Things were moving fast in the Williamson home. Believing that God wanted them to worship with other believers, they decided to attend church that night. But the doctor advised them that it would be suicidal for Mrs. Williamson.

Disregarding the doctor's warn· ing, Fay Williamson cal led for an ambulance to transport the terminally ill Mrs. Williamson 10 the church. Lifting the sick woman into the ambulance shot excTulialing pain through her body. "You could hear me screaming in agony a block away," she told Ward.

W. T. Gaston, later the general superinlcndent of the Assem blies of God, was pastor of the Tulsa church, now Central Assembly . The church was in the middle of evangel· istic services being conducted by four well· known ministers : the Booth·Clibborn brothers, Eric, Theodore, and William, and Willard H , Pope, Faith seemed to rise as W, T. Gaston prayed over the new believer lying helplessly on a cot. "Lord, this young woman has wasted her life; but if you can do something with this body, do it in the name of Jesus."

Gaston offered Mrs. Williamson his hand to help her to her feet. At first she objected, saying that she couldn't stand. Gaston convinced her that the Lord would help her. "Nine times I heard my back pop,"

28 AlG ANCIIIV£S. \\ll'o'TER 1991-92

Mrs. Williamson told Ward, "and with each pop I straightened up a little more. Then I stood up erect as I am today."

She not only stood to her feel, she also ran the length of the building while the congregation rejoiced and praised God.

The ambulance attendants were told they were not needed for the return trip to the Williamson home, but they were not as certain as the Pentecostal saints were that night. They could only remember the twisted form that they had brought to the church service a few hours earlier. So while Mrs. Williamson walked the several blocks ho me, the skept ical ambulance attendants followed behind.

The next day Mrs. Williamson walked back to the church and stayed alJ day. News spread rapidly, and a parade of people came into

Fay and Grace Williamson were instrumental i n establishing 1:8 loeal churches that affiliated with the Assemblies of God.

the building to see the happy woman who had been healed of a terminal illness.

Fifteen days after the miraculous healing , the Williamson family consecrated themselves to the Lord for full·time service. Then women in the church assisted Mrs. Williamson in transforming the gaudy theatrical clothing for the work of the Lord.

In subsequent years Fay and Grace Williamson were instrumental in establishing 18 local churches that affiliated with the Assemblies of God.

It all started with their conver­sions and Grace's healing of crip­pling spinal meningitis.

This SlOT), is exccrpted from "Aller Fifly·fou.r Years My Healing 51111 Holds," Groce Williamson 's Siory, b)' C . M. Ward. published b)' Revi~ollime, l£: 1968 b), the Assemblies of God. Fay Will iamson died in 1950; Grace, in 1970 at the ase of 8S, years after the doctor had declared her case incurable. ..,..

o Webb I from page 20

at Central Assembly and who had been married over 50 years were in attendance . One of the special guests was Lil Sundberg Anderson of Revivaltime fame who sang a solo number.

A statement Webb made upon leaving his position at Evangel College still applies today:

Most preachers my age are hoping and praying that somebody will ask them to do something. They feel like a lifetime has been given to the ministry and now what are they to do? But, that's never been one of my problems. 21

He furt her adds: "God has been gracious to give me many oppor­tunities for ministry in various areas. "

Even though he has accomplished much for the kingdom of God and is well into his 80s, Bert Webb still has a strong desire to be used by God and continues a very produc­tive semi-active retirement.

NOTES

12. Ben Webb, ministerial file, General Sccraary's Office.

13. Bert Webb, intervie .. ed by Wayne WarnCT, October 16, 1980.

14. William w. Men:ties. AnOlnltd fO Serve: Tht Siory of Ihe A~mblies o/God (Springfield. MO: Gospel Publishing House, 1971), 160.

1 S. Ben Webb. imerviev.·ed by Wayne Warner. October 16, 1980.

16. Menzies, 16()..161. 11. Ben Webb, interviewed by Wayne Warner,

January 21. 1991. IS. Ibid. 19. "A Grateful ConstituC1lCY Says ... 'Thanks

for 20 Years,' " Advance. December 1969, S. 20. Gayla Masters, " In His First Week Here

Webb Notcs Good Response," The LAnce, February 10, 1977, J.

21. General Council Minutcs, 1959. 30. 22. Ben Webb, telephone interview. July 23,

1991. 23. Susan Burkat. "Webb Leavcs Chapel

Platform for Family," The LAnce. April 6, 1983, 7.

24. Bert Webb, telephone inter~iew. July 23, 1991.

25. Burkell, 7. ..,..

Glt'nn C;ohr 1.1 a .rtaff mt'mbt'r of ,lot! AlG Arch"vs

By Gary B. McGee

1. Can }OU recommend an) books thai Irace the occurrence of charis­matic mo'ements before the emer­gence of Pentecostalism in this Ce nlUr) ?

Pentecostals have always been interested in past charismatic movements from (he 2nd century M~nt~nist.s to the 19th-century Irvmgltcs In England. The firs! full­length book by a Pentecostal on the subject was probably Bernard L. Bresson's Studies in Ecstasy (J 969). Bresson served for some years as a professor, of h.istory al Evangel College In Springfield, Missouri. ReceO! publications have depended more heavily on primary sources for their analysis and conclusions. These include Stanley M. Burgess's The Spirit & the Church: Antiquity (1984); The Holy Spirit: East­ern Christian Traditions (1989 Hendrickson); and Ronald A. N: Kydd's Charismatic Gifts in the Early Church (1984, Hendrickson). BOlh Burgess and Kydd are Pente­costals, the former serving at Southwest Missouri State Univer­s it y in Springfield, Missouri and the latt er at Eastern Pente: costal Bible Co llege, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.

2. Did the famed healing evangel­ist Smith Wigglesworth ever hold credentials with the Assemblies of God?

Despite Stanley H. Frodsham's remark in his Smith Wigglesworth: Apostle oj Faith (1948) ,hal

Dr. Gar) K. f\.k(.« is pro­rrsso r or f hurth hislor) al Ibt As~mbliH or ( .od Thological !lotminar), Springrit ld , MlsMluri . li t holds maSlers dtgrtH In rt ligion and hiSIOr) lind II

Ph .D. rrom !',lI inl Louis Unh t rsit). li tis Iht lIuthor or Ih t h.o·.olumt This Gosp,I ... Shall IIr I'rrachrd (Go~pd I>ubll ~ hlng lIollSC') li nd Is an tdilor ror Iht lJia/onury of I',muos/al unrl Charismafic MQI'rmmts (Zondtr>Mn ).

Questions &Ansners

Wiggleswonh remained "unattached to any religious body" and had "no denominational affiliation" (pp. 78-79; GPH edillon (1972)). he dId hold credentials with the Assem­bliesofGod (U.S.) from 1924-1929. In the latter year he allo\\ed them to lapse. When he attempted to rene\\ them in 1930, he was informed by J. R. Evans, the general secretary, that the Executive Presbytery had recently decided that \\ here amicable relations existed betwcen the General Council and Pemecostal church bodies overseas. ministers from these churches visiting the U.S. would not qualiry for A G credentials. (Watch ror a fonh­c.oming article in Heriruge on the hfe of Smith Wigglesworth.) ~,~

o Letter I from page 3

Speaking of food, do you remcm· ber the rationing books with their red and blue stamps and the red and blue tokens which were used for change? Since my parents had nine child ren to feed, we were issued more coupons than say a family of three. I'll never forget the woman who tried to tal k my mother out of some of her meat coupons, reason· ing that we had far more than we would need. I'll let you guess how my mmher handled that one.

If you had a car (we didn't) and were an "average" driver, the government issued an "A" sticker for your windshield and limited you to three gallons of gas per week. (Preachers and other professionals qualified for more.) Since rubber was hard to get and the military was in need of millions of tires and olher rubber products, motorists had to

get .along with bald tires, often in­senmg a "boot" inside to keep the inner tube from being punctured.

The war hit home in December 1942 when my brot her Lawrence was drafled and eventually wound

up in the South Pacific. ~ty brother Ellis joined the navy and was aI

~kinawa during the fierce fighting III 1945. We worried and prayed for their safety, especially after learn· ing that Buddy Star, one of our neighbors, became one of the Illore than 400,000 Americans who died in the war. And our church prayed for hs young men too. No service evcr went by that someone didn't request prayer for the men and women in uniform.

I relate these few memories of the nagic 1940s with the hope and prayer that the world's present and future generations will not become embroiled in another global war. As in most wars, seldom is anything accomplished except hatred, destruc­tion, pain, death, and sorrow. .t--

Wayne E. Warner is Direclor oj the A/G Archives.

A1(; M~UIJ\t-.!,, \\I'nR 1991 -92 29

D Hebden Mission I fcom page 25

Wong to China. Now no collcctions are taken up except for Missions. Faith in God is thc greatcst inspira. tion, and God, so far, has supplied all needs. Some of Ihe missionaries have refused aid, selling aU they had, and paying their own way OUI, wailing on God to supply the rest. Others have nothing to go with, but the prayers still go up almost daily in the name of Jesus and by the Holy Spirit to send fooh more laborers and to equip them for the journey,14

That the missions policy was one of entire fait h was confi rmed by George Slager. who noted that soon after [he start of the work in Toronto, baptized believers were called by God and sent to various mission fie lds . "The work was unorganized in those days. so these went out without financial backing other than God's promises. "13

George Chambers once made up a list of a ll those who had gone out from the Hebden Mission in the decade before 19 19, when the Pente~ costal Assemblies of Canada was incorporated . It is an im pressive document, given that few of the mis~

sionaries named had any financial backing and no ne of them had any religious organi zation behind them . T he list included : Bro. & Sis. Charles Chawner, Africa; Bro. & Sis. Arth u r Alter, China; Bro. & Sis. Hindle & Grace Fordham, Mo ngolia; Bro. Edgar Scurrah, S. Afr ica; Bro. & Sis. George C. Slager, Chi na; Bro. & Sis. Robert Semple , Hong Kong; Bro. & Sis. Herbert Lawler , N. China; Bro. H . L. Randall , Egypt.

In addition, a number o f Pente~

costal s fro m o ther communities went to Africa before 1919, two from Kitchener and five from Parry Sound .36 Charles Chawner was a saintly man who gave up his trade as

Dr. Thom.s WiII i.m Milir r will be working for Ihr nut yrar with Heritag e C h ri sll.n Ministries . C.lgar)·. AlbeM.. He hilS com· pldrd • new book m. nuscrlpt on the his· tory of Ihe Prnlec:051111 AssrmbliH of Can.d • .

30 AlG ARCHI VES. WINTER 1991-92

painter in Toronto after his call to Africa. Gordon Atter described him as "a great man ... his prayers were the simplest things in the world ... just like a child addressing a father. "37 Chawner was baptized in the Spirit at the Hebden Mission in February 1907, and given a vision of his futu re sphere of labor in Zulu~ land. His revealing account of that call and the steps taken to fulfill it were included in a letter sent from South Africa and reprinted in The Promise:

He made it plain that I should leave all and follow Him to Zululand, and having drawn me aside one day He lold me il was time to go. He led Bro. Hebden in such a way Ihat he secured the ticket much more reasonable than we ex~ed, and so laid it on the hearts of the friends of the Mission that sufficient money was contributed, most of it in one night, all of il with­in about one month, 10 supply me with some needed clothes, pay the passage over the water , and railways right to Weenen, Natal, S.A.38

After scouting the unevangelized portions o f the country, and finding Zululand to be exactl y the place shown him in his vision, Chawner returned to To ron to . Again the Hebdens support ed his wo rk by publicizing it in their magazine and announcing that the entire Chawner fami ly would return to Africa within a few weeks.J9 The career of Charles Chawner in South Afr ica was so remarkable over a 3D-year span that Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada historian Gloria Kulbeck called him "the Apostle to the ZUIUS."40 His son, Austin , cont inued his father'S work in Africa and these two men laid a basis for modern Pentecostal missio ns which has continued to the present.

Another o f the earliest Canadian missionaries connected with the East End Mission was Arthur Alter, the p rosperous Cai stor To wnship farmer who had become pastor of the Abingdon congregation . H is name appears several times in The Promise and he played a prominent role in the establishment of Pente~ costalism in southwestern Ontario. The Alters left from Toronto for

China in 1908 and helped to estab~ lish the foundation for a strong national church centered in Shanghai. III health forced them to return to Canada and after 1911 they became pastors of a number of Pentecostal congregations.

Besides those names on the list drawn up by George Chambers, there were O(hers at the Hebden Mission who went overseas and they were listed in a late 1909 issue of The Promise. Their names, and places of service, were listed as: James Chap~ man, South Africa; Edwin and Margaret H ill, China; and Samuel Grier, South Afri ca. 41 The individuals in the list were said to have gone already, or to be going soon, to the field. Some, it seems, may not have fi nally gOllen to the land of their call, for W. H . Burns is reported the next year to be minis~ teri ng to the saints at Abingdon. 42

On the other hand, at least two more workers did leave (he Hebden Mission fo r overseas work . A native of Ho lland, a " Bro. Lak," left in February 1909 for SOUlh Africa, and James Hebden himself left abo ut the same time for North Africa . As Mrs. Hebden noted:

Missionaries are still going forth and God st ill keeps providing for them . It is now two years since our fi rst one went out, and since that time some one has always been on the way to the foreign field. 4)

TO HE CONTINU t:U

NOTES

IS. George A . Chambers, "Fifty Years Ago." hlliecosra f TtslimOllY, 37:5 (May (956), p. 6, hereafter ci ted as PT,. Sec also The APOSlOfic Faith. 1:2 (October (906), p. 4.

16. A. G. Ward, " Tribules of Fellow Minis­lers 10 R. E . McAlister," PT(November 19S3), p. i2; leiter 10 T. W. Miller from W. E. McAlister, Agincourl, Ontario, Augusl16. 1983.

17. R. E. McAlister (cd.), The Good Report, I (May 1911).

18. The Promise, I (May 19(7) and 2 (J une 19(7).

19. leiter of William Wall in The Promise, 15 (March 191 0), pp. 6-7.

20. Gloria K. Kulbed:. What God hath Wrought: A History of the Pentecostal Assem· blies of Canada (foronlo: The Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada, 1958). pp. 93, 100- 102; and Aimee Semple McPherson. Th is Is ThaI (Los Angeles: Echo Park EvangeliSlic Associa tion. 1923), pp. 24()..242.

21. Eugene ValeTs. Reminiscellu (SI. John's: Good Tidings Press, 1983). pp. 57-62.

22. George C. Slager, leller 10 W. E.

McAlister. Vaneou"er, S.C. March 24, 1954 23. The Promise, 25 (March 1910), p_ I; see

also McPherson. ThIS Is Thor. pp. 57-58_ 192-195; and Alml'f', U/eSroryo/ Alml'f' Semple McPherson (Los Angeles: Foursquare Publica­tions, 1979), pp. 250-254. Quotations from \1rs. McPherson's books used. by permIssion.

24. The Promise, 15 (March 1910), p. 1 25. Thomas William Miller, taped inter-iew

with Gordon F. Auer. Niagara Falls, Ontario, April 30, 1984.

26. The Apostolic Fallh, ]:6 (February·March ]9(7). p. 3; also 1:9(June·Septem~r ]9(7), p. 1: and ]:]2 (January 19(8), p. 4.

27. A. H. Argue. "Azusa Street," PT (May (956). p. 9.

28. A. G. Ward, "How the Pentecostal Ellpe· rienee Came to Canada." Typed copy of letter. ca. 1954. PAOC Arehi>'es.

29. Stanky M. Horton. "Twentieth Century Acts of the Holy Ghost," PentecosTal Evangel (Octo~r 21, 1962), p. ]9. Stanley Horton has ser~ed. in a ~ariety of professorial role~ with the Assemblies of God. He retired in 1991 as a faculty mem~r of the Assemblies of God ThCQ' logical Seminary in Springfield. Missouri.

30. Thomas William Miller, taped interview with w. E. McAlister. Agineouf[, Ontario, May 3, 1984.

31. The Apostolic Faith. 2:\3 (May 19(8), p.4.

32. The Promise, 15 (March 1910), p. 8; see also Songs 0/ the Reoper: The Story 0/ the Pente­costol Assemblies 0/ Saskatchewan (Saskatoon: PAOC. Saskatchewan District, 1985). p. 75,

33. Ibid .. p. 2. 34. The Promise. 12 (February 19(9), pp. 1. 3. 35. Slager. letter to W. E. McAlister, March 24.

1954. 36. Data deri~ed from a summary of early

Pen tecostal missions, located in PAOC Archives, undated. but probably ca. 1956 and from G. A. Cham~rs.

37. Thomas William Miller. taped interview with Gordon F. Amr, April 30. 1984.

38. The Promise, 12 (February 19(9). pp. 4-5. 39. Ibid., p. 8; see also The Promise, 15

(March 1910), pp. 2, 6. 40, Gloria G. Kulbeck. "C. w. Chawner:

Apost le to the Zulus," PT (Decem~r 1959), pp. 9-10.

41. The Promise, 42 . The Promise, 43 . Ibid" p. 5.

14 (October 19(9). p. l. 15 (March 19 (0). p. 2

+

o Remembering/from page 15

immediately the church filled up with newcomers. Night after night souls were saved. It seemed that people were greatly concerned, not only about the security of our country, but also about their own personal security- physical and spiritual.

Curtis W. Ringness and his wife Ruth continued their evangelist ic ministry until June 1942 when they accepted a call 10 pastor Bethel Temple, Tampa, Florida. He later served in several leadership capac­ities at the A/ G Headquarters, including director of Home Missions. After leaving Springfield, he pastored Firs! Assembly, Santa Monica, California (1973-88). -t-

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