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transcript
Limits of Ultra-Wideband Communication
Over Copper
T. Magesacher1 J. Rius i Riu1,2 P. Odling1 P. O. Borjesson1
M. Tilocca3 M. Valentini3
1Department of Information Technology, Lund UniversityP.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
2Ericsson AB, Broadband Access Research (BAR)Torshamnsgatan 29, House 32, Stockholm, Sweden
3Telecom ItaliaVia Reiss Romoli 274, 10148 Torino, Italy
ICCT, Guilin, China, November 2006
This work has been supported by the EU (IST-MUSE) and VINNOVA-Celtic (BANITS-2).
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Outline
Background and motivation
Wideband cable-models and measurement results
Throughput analysis and results
Conclusions and outlook
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Background
Wireline communications: data transmission over telephone wires
Breakdown1 of broadband access technologies:
Wireline
61%
Cable
32%
Rest
7%
1Average over OECD countries, December 2005
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Motivation
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) achieves high rates by exploiting wide bandsof the copper cable channel
Current DSL standards foresee the use of bands up to 30MHz
Cable properties have been studied by means of measurements,characterization and modeling up to frequencies of 30MHz
Very short cables (up to 200m) can be exploited even more
Prerequisite for further evaluation: cable models for higher frequencies
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Motivation
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) achieves high rates by exploiting wide bandsof the copper cable channel
Current DSL standards foresee the use of bands up to 30MHz
Cable properties have been studied by means of measurements,characterization and modeling up to frequencies of 30MHz
Very short cables (up to 200m) can be exploited even more
Prerequisite for further evaluation: cable models for higher frequencies
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Motivation
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) achieves high rates by exploiting wide bandsof the copper cable channel
Current DSL standards foresee the use of bands up to 30MHz
Cable properties have been studied by means of measurements,characterization and modeling up to frequencies of 30MHz
Very short cables (up to 200m) can be exploited even more
Prerequisite for further evaluation: cable models for higher frequencies
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Motivation
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) achieves high rates by exploiting wide bandsof the copper cable channel
Current DSL standards foresee the use of bands up to 30MHz
Cable properties have been studied by means of measurements,characterization and modeling up to frequencies of 30MHz
Very short cables (up to 200m) can be exploited even more
Prerequisite for further evaluation: cable models for higher frequencies
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Motivation
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) achieves high rates by exploiting wide bandsof the copper cable channel
Current DSL standards foresee the use of bands up to 30MHz
Cable properties have been studied by means of measurements,characterization and modeling up to frequencies of 30MHz
Very short cables (up to 200m) can be exploited even more
Prerequisite for further evaluation: cable models for higher frequencies
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Reference models
Insertion loss [Chen98]:
HIL(f , L) = e−L/Lmile(k1
√f +k2f )−jL/Lmilek3f (1)
with Lmile = 1609.344m, k1 = 4.8 · 10−3, k2 = −1.709 · 10−8, k3 = 4.907 · 10−5
FEXT [ETSI01]:
HFEXT(f , L) = kXFf /f0
√
L/L0|HIL(f , L)| (2)
with f0 = 1MHz, L0 = 1km, kXF = 10−45/20
NEXT [ETSI01]:
HNEXT(f , L) = kXN(f /f0)3/4
√
1− |HIL(f , L)|4 (3)
with f0 = 1MHz, kXN = 10−50/20
f ... frequency in Hz, L ... length of the loop in m
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Reference models
Insertion loss [Chen98]:
HIL(f , L) = e−L/Lmile(k1
√f +k2f )−jL/Lmilek3f (1)
with Lmile = 1609.344m, k1 = 4.8 · 10−3, k2 = −1.709 · 10−8, k3 = 4.907 · 10−5
FEXT [ETSI01]:
HFEXT(f , L) = kXFf /f0
√
L/L0|HIL(f , L)| (2)
with f0 = 1MHz, L0 = 1km, kXF = 10−45/20
NEXT [ETSI01]:
HNEXT(f , L) = kXN(f /f0)3/4
√
1− |HIL(f , L)|4 (3)
with f0 = 1MHz, kXN = 10−50/20
f ... frequency in Hz, L ... length of the loop in m
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Reference models
Insertion loss [Chen98]:
HIL(f , L) = e−L/Lmile(k1
√f +k2f )−jL/Lmilek3f (1)
with Lmile = 1609.344m, k1 = 4.8 · 10−3, k2 = −1.709 · 10−8, k3 = 4.907 · 10−5
FEXT [ETSI01]:
HFEXT(f , L) = kXFf /f0
√
L/L0|HIL(f , L)| (2)
with f0 = 1MHz, L0 = 1km, kXF = 10−45/20
NEXT [ETSI01]:
HNEXT(f , L) = kXN(f /f0)3/4
√
1− |HIL(f , L)|4 (3)
with f0 = 1MHz, kXN = 10−50/20
f ... frequency in Hz, L ... length of the loop in m
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Measurement setup
A3
A2
A1
A0
B3
B2
B1
B0
I3
I2
I1
3
∑k=1
Ik
I ′3
I ′2
I ′1
3
∑k=1
I ′k
V3
V2
V1
V ′3
V ′2
V ′1
R2n R2f
R1f
Rs
Vs
pair No. 1
pair No. 2
side A side B
Insertion loss: Hins = V′1/V1
NEXT: HNEXT = (V3 − V2)/V1
FEXT: HFEXT = (V ′3 − V
′2)/V1
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Measurement setup
A3
A2
A1
A0
B3
B2
B1
B0
I3
I2
I1
3
∑k=1
Ik
I ′3
I ′2
I ′1
3
∑k=1
I ′k
V3
V2
V1
V ′3
V ′2
V ′1
R2n R2f
R1f
Rs
Vs
pair No. 1
pair No. 2
side A side B
Insertion loss: Hins = V′1/V1
NEXT: HNEXT = (V3 − V2)/V1
FEXT: HFEXT = (V ′3 − V
′2)/V1
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Measurement setup
A3
A2
A1
A0
B3
B2
B1
B0
I3
I2
I1
3
∑k=1
Ik
I ′3
I ′2
I ′1
3
∑k=1
I ′k
V3
V2
V1
V ′3
V ′2
V ′1
R2n R2f
R1f
Rs
Vs
pair No. 1
pair No. 2
side A side B
Insertion loss: Hins = V′1/V1
NEXT: HNEXT = (V3 − V2)/V1
FEXT: HFEXT = (V ′3 − V
′2)/V1
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Measurement setup
A3
A2
A1
A0
B3
B2
B1
B0
I3
I2
I1
3
∑k=1
Ik
I ′3
I ′2
I ′1
3
∑k=1
I ′k
V3
V2
V1
V ′3
V ′2
V ′1
R2n R2f
R1f
Rs
Vs
pair No. 1
pair No. 2
side A side B
Insertion loss: Hins = V′1/V1
NEXT: HNEXT = (V3 − V2)/V1
FEXT: HFEXT = (V ′3 − V
′2)/V1
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Measurement setup
Cables:
Cable No. 1: 200m EULEV 10x2x0.4 TEH 240 1402/010 on drumCable No. 2: 50m EULEV 10x2x0.4 TEH 240 1402/010 wrapped toa ring with a mean diameter of 0.55m
Gain/phase-analyzer parameters:
Start frequency 100 kHzStop frequency 200 MHzNo. of points 801Averaging 32-foldIF-bandwidth 30 kHzChannel 1 settings A/R, LOG MAG, source power: 0 dBmChannel 2 settings A/R, PHASE (RAD), source power: 0 dBmSweep time 352.4 msSweep type LIN FREQ
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Measurement setup
Cables:
Cable No. 1: 200m EULEV 10x2x0.4 TEH 240 1402/010 on drumCable No. 2: 50m EULEV 10x2x0.4 TEH 240 1402/010 wrapped toa ring with a mean diameter of 0.55m
Gain/phase-analyzer parameters:
Start frequency 100 kHzStop frequency 200 MHzNo. of points 801Averaging 32-foldIF-bandwidth 30 kHzChannel 1 settings A/R, LOG MAG, source power: 0 dBmChannel 2 settings A/R, PHASE (RAD), source power: 0 dBmSweep time 352.4 msSweep type LIN FREQ
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Stability and reproducibility of UWB measurements
50m-cable: mean insertion loss and 95% confidence interval
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−20
−15
−10
−5
−0
−400
−300
−200
−100
0
1
1
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Stability and reproducibility of UWB measurements
50m-cable: mean FEXT and 95% confidence interval
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−400
−300
−200
−100
0
1
1
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Stability and reproducibility of UWB measurements
50m-cable: mean NEXT and 95% confidence interval
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−400
−300
−200
−100
0
1
1
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Long-term variations of UWB cable properties
50m-cable, long-term measurements: FEXT coupling function ensemble mean(corresponds to mean over time) and minimum/maximum range (gray-shadedfields)
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−400
−300
−200
−100
0
1
1
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Long-term variations of UWB cable properties
200m-cable, long-term measurements: FEXT coupling function ensemble mean(corresponds to mean over time) and minimum/maximum range (gray-shadedfields)
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−1200
−900
−600
−300
0
1
1
10
10
20
20
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
70
70
80
80
90
90
100
100
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Comparison with extrapolated 30MHz-models
50m-cable, insertion loss: ensemble mean and extrapolated Chen-model (1)
measured|HIL(f , 50)|
measuredarg(HIL(f , 50))
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−20
−15
−10
−5
−0
−400
−300
−200
−100
0
1
1
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Comparison with extrapolated 30MHz-models
50m-cable, FEXT: ensemble mean and extrapolated ETSI-model (2)
measuredHFEXT(f , 50)
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−400
−300
−200
−100
0
1
1
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Comparison with extrapolated 30MHz-models
50m-cable, NEXT: ensemble mean and extrapolated ETSI-model (3)
measuredHNEXT(f , 50)
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−400
−300
−200
−100
0
1
1
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Comparison with extrapolated 30MHz-models
200m-cable, insertion loss: ensemble mean and extrapolated Chen-model (1)
measured|HIL(f , 200)|
measuredarg(HIL(f , 200))
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−1200
−900
−600
−300
0
1
1
10
10
20
20
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
70
70
80
80
90
90
100
100
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Comparison with extrapolated 30MHz-models
200m-cable, FEXT: ensemble mean and extrapolated ETSI-model (2)
measuredHFEXT(f , 200)
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−1200
−900
−600
−300
0
1
1
10
10
20
20
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
70
70
80
80
90
90
100
100
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Comparison with extrapolated 30MHz-models
200m-cable, NEXT: ensemble mean and extrapolated ETSI-model (3)
measuredHNEXT(f , 200)
frequency f (MHz)
magnitude
(dB)
frequency f (MHz)
phase
(rad)
−80
−60
−40
−20
−0
−400
−300
−200
−100
0
1
1
10
10
20
20
30
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
70
70
80
80
90
90
100
100
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Ingress/egress: constraints imposed by CISPR22
Receive PSDs (solid lines), transmit PSD (dashed-dotted lines) and noise PSDcaused by CISPR22 ingress (dashed line)
frequency in MHz
PSD
indBm
/H
z
−120
−100
−80
−60
−40
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
transmit mask
receive signal
noise
300m
250m
200m
150m
100m
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Ingress/egress: constraints imposed by CISPR22 and 1FEXT
Receive PSDs (solid lines), transmit PSD (dashed-dotted lines) and noise PSDcaused by CISPR22 ingress one equal-length FEXT disturber (dashed line)
frequency in MHz
PSD
indBm
/H
z
−120
−100
−80
−60
−40
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
transmit mask
receive signal
noise
300m
250m
200m
150m
100m100m
300 m
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Capacity versus exploited bandwidth
Capacity versus exploited bandwidth for CISPR22 ingress
exploited bandwidth in MHz
data
rate
inGbit/s
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
300 m
250 m
200 m
150 m
100 m
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Capacity versus exploited bandwidth
Capacity versus exploited bandwidth for CISPR22 ingress one equal-lengthFEXT disturber
exploited bandwidth in MHz
data
rate
inGbit/s
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
300 m250 m
200 m
150 m
100 m
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
’Usable’ bandwidth versus length
loop length in m
usa
ble
bandw
idth
inM
Hz
0
25
50
75
100
100 150 200 250 300
CISPR 22 ingress only
CISPR 22 ingress + 1 FEXT
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Capacity versus loop length
loop length in m
data
rate
inGbit/s
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
100 150 200 250 300
CISPR 22 ingress only
CISPR 22 ingress + 1 FEXT
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Conclusion
Good match between measured insertion loss results and the extrapolated30MHz-models
Reasonable match between measured crosstalk-coupling functions and theextrapolated 30MHz-models
Considering CISPR22, we do not need to look beyond 100MHz!
Considering CISPR22, the limits are ...
≈ 0.5 Gbit/s without FEXT≈ 200Mbit/s with one (strong) FEXT disturber
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Conclusion
Good match between measured insertion loss results and the extrapolated30MHz-models
Reasonable match between measured crosstalk-coupling functions and theextrapolated 30MHz-models
Considering CISPR22, we do not need to look beyond 100MHz!
Considering CISPR22, the limits are ...
≈ 0.5 Gbit/s without FEXT≈ 200Mbit/s with one (strong) FEXT disturber
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Conclusion
Good match between measured insertion loss results and the extrapolated30MHz-models
Reasonable match between measured crosstalk-coupling functions and theextrapolated 30MHz-models
Considering CISPR22, we do not need to look beyond 100MHz!
Considering CISPR22, the limits are ...
≈ 0.5 Gbit/s without FEXT≈ 200Mbit/s with one (strong) FEXT disturber
Motivation Wideband cable-models and measurements Throughput analysis Conclusions
Conclusion
Good match between measured insertion loss results and the extrapolated30MHz-models
Reasonable match between measured crosstalk-coupling functions and theextrapolated 30MHz-models
Considering CISPR22, we do not need to look beyond 100MHz!
Considering CISPR22, the limits are ...
≈ 0.5 Gbit/s without FEXT≈ 200Mbit/s with one (strong) FEXT disturber