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Introduction to HTML Part 2Outline4.1 Introduction4.2 Basic HTML Tables4.3 Intermediate HTML Tables and Formatting4.4 Basic HTML Forms4.5 More Complex HTML Forms4.6 Internal Linking4.7 meta Elements4.8 frameset Element4.9 Nested framesets4.10 Web Resources

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Objectives

To be able to create tables with rows and columns of data.

To be able to control table formatting. To be able to create and use forms. To be able to create and use image maps to aid in Web-

page navigation. To be able to make Web pages accessible to search

engines using meta elements. To be able to use the frameset element to display

multiple Web pages in a single browser window.

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4.1  Introduction

Tables: present information

Forms: collect information from visitor

Internal linking and image maps: Enhance Web page navigation

Frames: display multiple documents in the browser

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4.2  Basic HTML Tables

Organize data into rows and columns

table element:<table></table>

Attributes Description

border specifies the table’s border width in pixels

summary describes the table’s contents

Caption (sub element) describes the table’s content and helps text-based browsers interpret table data

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Head section (header cell, defined with a thead element) Contains header information such as column names

Foot section (defined with a tfoot element)

Table body (defined with a tbody element)

Data cells (defined with td element)

Sub-elements (for thead & tfoot) Description

tr individual table row

th columns in the head section

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Example1: HTML Table: table1.html

<table border = "1" width = "40%" summary = "This table provides information about the price of fruit">

<caption><strong>Price of Fruit</strong></caption>

<thead> <tr> <th>Fruit</th> <th>Price</th> </tr> </thead>

<tfoot> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th>$3.75</th> </tr> </tfoot>

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<tbody> <tr> <td>Apple</td> <td>$0.25</td> </tr>

<tr> <td>Orange</td> <td>$0.50</td> </tr>

<tr> <td>Banana</td> <td>$1.00</td> </tr>

<tr> <td>Pineapple</td> <td>$2.00</td> </tr> </tbody>

</table>

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4.3 Intermediate HTML Tables &Formatting

Element colgroup: groups and formats columns

Element col:

tr and th attributes:

attributes Description

align determines the alignment of text in the column

span determines how many columns the col element formats

attributes Description

rowspan,colspan specify the number of rows or columns occupied by a cell

valign= top= middle= bottom= baseline

aligns data vertically

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Example2: Complex HTML table: table2.html

<table border = "1"> <colgroup> <col align = "right" span = "1" /> </colgroup>

<thead> <tr> <th rowspan = "2"> <img src = "camel.gif" width = "205" height = "167" alt = "Picture of a camel" /> </th> <th colspan = "4" valign = "top"> <h1>Camelid comparison</h1><br /> <p>Approximate as of 9/2002</p> </th> </tr>

merge two rows

merge four columns

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<tr valign = "bottom"> <th># of Humps</th> <th>Indigenous region</th> <th>Spits?</th> <th>Produces Wool?</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th>Camels (bactrian)</th> <td>2</td> <td>Africa/Asia</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Llamas</th> <td>1</td> <td>Andes Mountains</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

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4.4  Basic HTML Forms

Element form: <form> </form>

Sub-element: input <input />

Attributes Description

methodmethod = “post”method = “get”

specifies how the form’s data is sent to Web serverAppends form data to the browser requestAppends form data directly to the end of the URL

action Specifies the URL of a script on the Web server

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Sub-Element input: <input> </input>

Attributes Description

typetype = “hidden”type = “text”type = “submit”type = “reset”

Type of form’s input‘hidden’ input passed to server-side scriptTextbox with specific sizeSubmit buttonReset button

name Name passed to server-side script as parameter

value ‘Visible’ name on the form

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<form method = "post" action = "/cgi-bin/formmail"> <p> <input type = "hidden" name = "recipient“ value = "deitel@deitel.com" /> <input type = "hidden" name = "subject" value = "Feedback Form" /> <input type = "hidden" name = "redirect" value = "main.html" /> </p>

<p><label>Name: <input name = "name" type = "text" size = "25“ maxlength = "30" /> </label></p> <p> <input type = "submit" value = "Submit Your Entries" /> <input type = "reset" value = "Clear Your Entries" /> </p> </form>

Example3: Form design: form.html

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4.5  More Complex HTML Forms

Sub-Element textarea: <textarea> </textarea> Inserts a multiline text box (text area)

Sub-Element input: <input> </input>

Attributes Description

rows Specifies the number of rows

cols Specifies the number columns

Attributes Description

typetype = “password”type = “checkbox”type = “radio”

Type of form’s inputPassword box with specific size Enable users to select from a set of optionsRadio button

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Sub-Element select: <select> </select> Drop down list Contains element option: <option> </option>

Sub-Element option: Adds items to the drop-down list

Attributes Description

selected Specifies which item initially is displayed as the selected item

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Example 4: Form with text areas, a password box and checkboxes: form2.html

<form method = "post" action = "/cgi-bin/formmail">

<p><label>Comments:<br /> <textarea name = "comments" rows = "4" cols = "36"> Enter your comments here. </textarea> </label></p> <p><label>E-mail Address: <input name = "email" type = "password" size = "25" /> </label></p>

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<p> <strong>Things you liked:</strong><br />

<label>Site design <input name = "thingsliked" type = "checkbox" value = "Design" /></label> <label>Links <input name = "thingsliked" type = "checkbox" value = "Links" /></label>

<label>Ease of use <input name = "thingsliked" type = "checkbox" value = "Ease" /></label>

<label>Images <input name = "thingsliked" type = "checkbox" value = "Images" /></label>

<label>Source code <input name = "thingsliked" type = "checkbox" value = "Code" /></label> </p></form>

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Example 5: Form including radio buttons and a drop-down list: form3.html

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<strong>How did you get to our site?:</strong><br />

<label>Search engine

<input name = "howtosite" type = "radio"

value = "search engine" checked = "checked" /></label>

<label>Links from another site

<input name = "howtosite" type = "radio" value = "link" /></label>

<label>Deitel.com Web site

<input name = "howtosite" type = "radio" value = "deitel.com" /></label>

<label>Reference in a book

<input name = "howtosite" type = "radio" value = "book" /></label>

<label>Other

<input name = "howtosite" type = "radio" value = "other" /></label>

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<label>Rate our site:

<select name = "rating">

<option selected = "selected">Amazing</option>

<option>10</option>

<option>9</option>

<option>8</option>

<option>7</option>

<option>6</option>

<option>5</option>

<option>4</option>

<option>3</option>

<option>2</option>

<option>1</option>

<option>Awful</option>

</select>

</label>

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4.6  Internal Linking

Enables the user to jump between locations in the same document

Use anchor attribute: href = #section name

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Example 6: Internal hyperlinks: links.html

<h1 id = "features">The Best Features of the Internet</h1>

<p><a href = "#bugs">Go to <em>Favorite Bugs</em></a></p>

<ul>

<li>You can meet people from countries around the world.</li>

<li>It is the technology of the future!</li>

</ul>

<h1 id = "bugs">My 3 Favorite Bugs</h1>

<p>

<a href = "#features">Go to <em>Favorite Features</em></a></p>

<ol>

<li>Fire Fly</li>

<li>Gal Ant</li>

<li>Roman Tic</li>

</ol>

id attribute creates an internal hyperlink destination

an internal link’s address is ‘#id’

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4.7  meta Elements

Specify information about a document

Attributes Description

name

name = “keywords”

name = “description”

Identifies the type of meta element

Provides search engines with a list of words that describe a pageProvides a description of a site

content Provides the information search engine use to catalog pages

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Example 7: meta tags provide keywords and a description: main.html

<head>

<title>Internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome</title>

<meta name = "keywords" content = "Web page, design, XHTML, tutorial,

personal, help, index, form, contact, feedback, list, links, frame, deitel" />

<meta name = "description" content = "This Web site will help you learn the basics

of XHTML and Web page design through the use of interactive examples and

instruction." />

</head>

<meta> tags provide search engines with information used to catalog a site

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4.8  frameset Element

Allow browser display more than one document simultaneously

Element: frameset

Sub-Element: frame Specifies the documents that will be loaded Attribute src: specifies URL of the page to display

Attributes Description

cols Specifies the frameset’s column layout

rows Specifies the number of rows and the size of each row

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Example 8: XHTML frames document with navigation and content: index.html

<frameset cols = "110,*">

<frame name = "leftframe" src = "nav.html" />

<frame name = "main" src = "main.html" />

<noframes>

<body>

<p>This page uses frames, but your browser

does not support them.</p>

<p>Please, <a href = "nav.html">follow this

link to browse our site without frames</a>.

</p>

</body>

</noframes>

</frameset>

<frameset cols = "110,*">

<frame name = "leftframe" src = "nav.html" />

<frame name = "main" src = "main.html" />

<noframes>

<body>

<p>This page uses frames, but your browser

does not support them.</p>

<p>Please, <a href = "nav.html">follow this

link to browse our site without frames</a>.

</p>

</body>

</noframes>

</frameset>

frame elements specify which pages are loaded into a given frame

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4.9   Nested framesets

framesets within framesets

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Example 9: Framed web site with a nested frameset: index2.html

<frameset cols = "110,*">

<frame name = "leftframe" src = "nav.html" />

<frameset rows = "175,*">

<frame name = "picture" src = "picture.html" />

<frame name = "main" src = "main.html" />

</frameset>

<noframes>

<body>

<p>This page uses frames, but your browser

does not support them.</p>

</body>

</noframes>

</frameset>

<frameset cols = "110,*">

<frame name = "leftframe" src = "nav.html" />

<frameset rows = "175,*">

<frame name = "picture" src = "picture.html" />

<frame name = "main" src = "main.html" />

</frameset>

<noframes>

<body>

<p>This page uses frames, but your browser

does not support them.</p>

</body>

</noframes>

</frameset>

nested framesets are used to change the formatting and layout of the frameset

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4.10  Web Resources

www.vbxml.com/xhtml/articles/xhtml_tables www.webreference.com/xml/reference/xhtml.html