The War for Peace: A fitting end to the “War to end all

Wars Paulson

U.S. HistoryWednesday, Jan 19, 2011

Spark # 10

1. Who was Alvin York? (p. 720) 2. What is an armistice and when did it

take effect? (p. 721-22) 3. Look at Wilson’s quote on top of p.

723 – summarize in your own words – what is Wilson’s (U.S.) goal?

Agenda

Spark # ? Business Items

› Extra credit out there – Zimm. and Prop.› Overview / Review sheets – start studying

Finish Film Notes for Shell Shock – pt. 3 – 4:40 – finish (or at end)

The War over Peace – Wilson’s 14 points

War Over Peace

Outline-Wilsonian Idealism

-Peace without victory-Fourteen Points address

-Treaty of Versailles-League of Nations-U.S. Response

Finally the guns fall silent

Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria sign separate peace treaties

Austria-Hungary splinters as ethnicities gain independence

Finally, after mutinies and strikes, ARMISTICE is signed in French railroad car (=cease fire)

November 11, 1918 at 11 am (11th day, eleventh month, eleventh hour –Veterans Day)

Wilsonian Idealism

Make the world safe for “peace-loving” nations

Wilson not interested in “spoils” of war› No land, or money, from losers

Interested in: community of organized, common peace › not organized rivalries and power struggles

Wilsons 14 Points: Jan. 1918

A few examples 1.) open covenants of peace 2.) freedom of the seas 3.) removal of trade barriers 4.) reduction of armaments 5.) impartial adjustment of

claims 6.) national self-

determination 14.) League of Nations

Look at what he’s addressing!!!

1.-Alliances

2. U-boats

3. Imperialism

4. Militarism

5. Talk-not

fight

6. Colonization

14. World Wars

Paris Peace Conference Wilson: conquering hero Big 4

› Britain: David Lloyd George› Italy: Vittorio Orlando› France: Georges Clemenceau› U.S.: Wilson

Others wanted to make C.P. (Germany) pay› Money, land, livestock› Divide up Germany’s colonies

Wilson & League of Nations

Nations join to: ensure peace, and security for all

Article 10: attack on one = attack on all

No military power---dependent upon members

Outcome of Paris Peace Treaty

Wilson’s power limited, has to compromise

Self-determination: no outside interference

Re - drawing the map – show map Blaming Germany

› France wanted to cripple Germany› 33 bil in reparations› Germany never forgot, or forgave this

humiliation

U.S. response “Irreconcilables:” Congressmen opposed treaty “reservationists:” accepted LON but wanted

restrictions on U.S. participation Wilson goes on tour: 36 speeches in 23 days

› Pueblo, CO has stroke Congress: 3 different votes, never ratifies

treaty Postwar gloom – isolationism despite

“Superpower status”› Vets no jobs› Production slows so no jobs› Women out of job, African Americans too› Disillusionment at so much death and destruction

“What was accomplished by this waste of youth…?”

Effects of the “Great War”

Immediate effects› A generation of European men killed or

wounded› Dynasties fall in Germany, Austria-

Hungary, and Russia› New countries created› The League of Nations is established to

help promote peace

Effects of the “Great War” Long Term Effects:

› Many nations feel bitter and betrayed by the peace settlements

› Problems that helped cause the war --- nationalism, competition---remain

› Germany: at fault for starting war, tremendous debt and humiliation

› Modern warfare changed forever

Finish Shell Shock

FilmnotesPost on wiki – your opinion: what was the

most important impact of WWI