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The Gallipoli Campaign What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?
o The Dardanelles opened a gateway to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople
o By securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed they could take Constantinople and establish a supply line to Russia
What was the result of the Gallipoli campaign?o The war turned into a bloody stalemateo In December, after months of trench warfare, the Allies
gave up and evacuatedo 250,000 Allied casualties resulted
The U.S. Enters the War
1. U.S.-British relationso The U.S. shared a bond with
Great Britain due to its common language and ancestry
2. The Lusitaniao Germans announce policy of
unrestricted submarine warfareo May 1915: A German U-boat
sinks the British passenger liner, the Lusitania because they suspected it carried ammunition
o Over 1,000 people were killed, including 128 American citizens
The U.S. Enters the War
3. The Zimmerman Noteo U.S. officials intercept a telegram written by German
foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman o The telegram was meant for Mexico and promised to
help Mexico “reconquer” it’s land from the U.S. if they sided with the Central Powers
o This was the last straw for the U.S.o The U.S. declares ware on Germany in 1917
Russia withdraws from the War
Why did the czar’s government collapse?o Russian citizens were frustrated
by lack of food and fuelo Civil unrest led to the Czar
stepping downo By 1917, 5.5 million Russian
soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner
o Vladimir Lenin led a Communist Revolution and overthrew the new government
o Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia’s involvement in World War I
Second Battle of the Marne
What was the significance of this battle?o After Russia’s withdrawal,
Germany sends all of its troops to the Western front
o Germans reached the Marne River, just 40 miles outside of Paris
o The Allies, including 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack
o The refreshed Allied powers used tanks to push back the exhausted German forces
World War I Ends What events signaled the defeat of the Central
Powers?o Kaiser Wilhelm steps down after soldiers mutinyo Germany declares itself a republico On November 11th, 1918, Germany and France signed an
armistice, effectively ending the war
Review 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that the
U.S. joined the war?o A. Interception of the Zimmerman noteo B. Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfareo C. Cultural and political ties to Great Britaino D. An alliance with Serbia
2. Which of the following best describes the end of World War I?o A. The opposing sides made an agreement to stop the
waro B. The Central powers forced the Allied powers to
surrender after the 2nd battle of the Marneo C. The Germans claimed victory after the Russians
dropped out of the waro D. The Allied powers forced the Central powers to
surrender after the Americans joined the war
3. What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?o A. The Allied powers hoped to seek revenge for the
sinking of the Lusitaniao B. The Allied powers hoped to gain a supply line for
Russiao C. The Allied powers hoped to weaken the Central
powers by eliminating any threats from the Ottoman empire
o D. The Allied powers hoped to gain a port on the Aegean Sea
4. Which of the following led to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?o A. Russian citizens suffered a shortage of food and fuelo B. The Czar was forced to step downo C. Lenin led a communist revolution which instituted a
new government in Russiao D. All of the above