© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Women 15 to 24 Millions Growing Number of Young Women Worldwide...

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau

565

484

80

580

510

71

World Less Developed Countries More Developed Countries

2005 2015

Women 15 to 24Millions

Growing Number of Young Women Worldwide

Source: UN, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.


• This figure shows the number of young women ages 15 to 24. It is a large number—currently 565 million—increasing to 580 million young women by the year 2015.

Notes on Growing Number of Young Women Worldwide


Net Enrollment RatioPrimary-school-age children enrolled as a percentage of primary-school-age children

74

8679

66

78

68

Kenya Gabon Zambia

1990/1991 2002/2003

Declining Primary School Enrollment, Africa

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005.


• The data shown above indicate that some countries are not only failing to make progress in primary school enrollment but are actually regressing in terms of enrollment.

Notes on Declining Primary School Enrollment, Africa


63

25

45

70

8892

67

32

54

72

9185

World Africa South andWest Asia

East Asia andthe Pacific

Central Asia Latin Americaand the

Caribbean

Girls Boys

Ratio of Enrollees to Enrollment-Eligible Population, 2002/2003Percent

Secondary School Enrollment, by Region

Source: UNESCO, The 2006 Education for All Global Monitoring Report.


• Worldwide, fewer girls than boys enroll in secondary school. • In Africa and Asia, more boys than girls attend school, but in Latin America, more girls than boys attend secondary school.

Notes on Secondary School Enrollment, by Region


6

11

2

15

11

10

44

6

15

6

19

18

15

47

Burkina Faso 2003

Cameroon 2004

Chad 2004

Ghana 2003

Kenya 2003

Nigeria 2003

Bolivia 2003

Females Males

15-to-19-Year-Olds Who Regularly Receive Print or Broadcast News Percent

Exposure to Mass Media

Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.


2614

20

3743

7

32

31

6

30

21

22 31

20

Kenya Malawi Mozambique Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Zambia

Ever-married Never-married

Note: East and Southern AfricaSource: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys 2000-2004.

Teens Who Have Had Sexual Intercourse, E. Africa*

15-to-19-Year-Old Women, by Marital StatusPercent


48

2431 32

14

33

25

221632

15

18

Benin Burkina Faso Cameroon Ghana Mali Nigeria

Ever-married Never-married

Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys 2001-2004.

Teens Who Have Had Sexual Intercourse, W. Africa

15-to-19-Year-Old Women, by Marital StatusPercent


53 52 53

64

36

56

46

73

38 38 38

31

47

11

57

Eritrea 2002

Kenya 2003

Mozambique2003

Uganda2000/2001

Zambia2001/2002

Abstain from sex Use condoms Have only one partner/avoid multiple partners

Young Women Who Know of HIV/AIDS and Valid Ways to Prevent ItPercent of 15-to-19-year-olds

HIV/AIDS-Prevention Awareness, East Africa*

*East and Southern AfricaSource: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.


35

5

19

11

41

30

37

11

3027

32

26

38

22

57

Burkina Faso2003

Ghana 2003

Benin 2001

Nigeria 2003

Mali 2001


Young Women Who Know of HIV/AIDS and Valid Ways to Prevent It Percent of 15-to-19-year-olds

HIV/AIDS-Prevention Awareness, West Africa




5

22

1

8

18

24

65

5

38

2016

37

14

45

14

Nepal 2001

Cambodia 2000

Indonesia2002/2003

Vietnam 2002

Armenia 2000


HIV/AIDS-Prevention Awareness, Asia



1813 12

18

76

66

393432

9

20 23

Dominican Republic2002

Colombia 2000

Haiti 2000

Peru 2000



HIV/AIDS-Prevention Awareness, LAC*

* Latin America and the Caribbean.Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.


15-to-19-Year-Olds Who Used a Condom in Their Last Sexual EncounterPercent

1213

16

8

19 20

40

28 29

4042

32

Kenya Malawi Mozambique Rwanda Uganda Zambia

Women Men

* East and Southern AfricaSource: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000-2004.

Condom Use Among Teens, East Africa*


15-to-19-Year-Olds Who Used a Condom in Their Last Sexual EncounterPercent

11

19

2925

48

34

61

54

46

22

31

Benin BurkinaFaso

Cameroon Ghana Mali Nigeria

Women Men

Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, 2001-2004.

Condom Use Among Teens, West Africa


30

107

4

6

3 9

6

8

2

5 2

83

1

Bangladesh 2004

Colombia 2005

Jordan 2002

Mozambique2003

Uganda2000/2001

Pill/injectables/IUD/implant/diaphragm, foam, and jelly Condom Traditional

15-to-19-Year-OldsPercent, by method currently used

Note: Traditional contraceptive methods include rhythm, withdrawal, breastfeeding, and herbs.Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

Contraceptives Used by Young Women


• While the graphic depicts only a handful of countries, it does illustrative some key points.• In Bangladesh, where family planning has been a policy focus since the 1970s, use of contraceptives is relatively high. And young women there are more apt to use modern and female-controlled methods (pills and the like). • In African countries, where HIV/AIDS-prevention is a priority, condom use is higher than in other areas.

Notes on Contraceptives Used by Young Women


15-to-19-Year-Old WomenPercent

38

16

40

19

48

22

13 1316

129

19

Kenya Malawi Mozambique Tanzania Uganda Zambia

Unmarried, sexually active Married

* East and Southern AfricaSource: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000-2004.

Teens Using Modern Contraceptives, E. Africa*



16

4750

36

17

27

3 4

15

74 4

Benin BurkinaFaso




Teens Using Modern Contraceptives, W. Africa


1315

23

30

34

42

9

5

9

19

26

11

Colombia2005

Benin 2001

Cameroon2004

Bolivia 2003

Gabon 2000

Peru 2000

Single and sexually active and using traditional method Married and using traditional method

15-to-19-Year-Old Women With High Reliance on Traditional MethodsPercent currently using

Teens Using Traditional Contraceptives

Note: Traditional contraceptive methods include rhythm, withdrawal, breastfeeding, and herbs.Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.



40 40

6164

49

31

48

20

30 2931

15

2623

BurkinaFaso

Kenya Malawi Mali Nigeria Uganda Zambia



Unmet Need for Contraception Among Teens


18-Year-Olds Who Are Mothers or Are Pregnant With First ChildPercent

48

21

30

51

31

46

65

39

25

38

49

34

41

54

BurkinaFaso

Ghana Kenya Malawi Nigeria Tanzania Uganda

1990s 2000s

Note: When there are multiple datasets available from 1990s, the most recent one is used.Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, 1992-2004.

Trends in Teenage Childbearing


18-Year-Olds Who Are Mothers or Are Pregnant With First Child Percent

38

49

59

10

41

54

44

Kenya Malawi Mozambique Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Zambia


Teenage Childbearing, East and Southern Africa


18-Year-Olds Who Are Mothers or Are Pregnant With First ChildPercent

33

3943

24

61

34

Benin BurkinaFaso



Teenage Childbearing, West Africa


13

15

47

52

46

46

57

7

1

10

16

10

26

10

Indonesia 2002/2003

Morocco 2003/2004

Bolivia 2003

Colombia 2005

Kenya 2003

Bangladesh 2004

Madagascar 2003/2004

No education At least some secondary education

15-to-19-Year-Olds Who Are Mothers or Are Pregnant With First ChildPercent

Teenage Childbearing, by Education



40

32

33

22

47

Zambia

Uganda

Malawi

Rwanda

Kenya

Births to Women Under 20 Who Said Births Were UnintendedPercent

Unintended Births to East African* Teens

*East and Southern AfricanSource: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000-2004.


18

18

17

20

28

58

Burkina Faso

Mali

Nigeria

Benin

Cameroon

Ghana


Unintended Births to West African Teens



1

5

13

19

Turkmenistan

Egypt

Morocco

Jordan


Unintended Births to N. African/Asian Teens




7

19

23

21

38

Indonesia

Cambodia

Nepal

Bangladesh

Philippines

Unintended Births to S./Southeast Asian Teens



46

56

58

64

61

Nicaragua

Bolivia

Colombia

Peru

Haiti

Births to Women Under 20 Who Said Births Were Unintended**Percent

Unintended Births to Latin American* Teens

* Latin American and Caribbean teens.** In Peru, data are from women under 19.Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000-2005.


29

84

60

94

52

7

4944 45

2833

72

Ethiopia 2000 Kenya 2003 Mali 2001 Ghana 2003 Nigeria 2003 Eritrea 2002

Prenatal care from doctor or other health professional Delivery care from doctor or other health professional

Women Under 20, by Care Received for Births Three Years Before SurveyPercent

Prenatal and Delivery Care for African Teens



53

45

88

59

80

16

36

57

21

74

Bangladesh2004

Cambodia 2000

Philippines 2003

Nepal 2001

Vietnam 2002



Prenatal and Delivery Care for Asian Teens



83

93

8683

80

73

92 91

34

57

Bolivia 2003 Colombia 2005 Nicaragua 2001 Haiti 2000 Peru 2000



Prenatal and Delivery Care for Latin Teens



13

23

26

32

36

Mexico 1987

Peru 1991/1992

Colombia 1990

Brazil 1986

Dominican Republic1991

Annual number of abortions per 1,000 women 15 to 19

Abortion Among Teens, Latin America*

* Latin America and the Caribbean.Source: Alan Guttmacher Institute, Into a New World: Young Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Lives, 1998.


Number of People Under Age 25Billions

0.34 0.52 0.63 0.63 0.62

0.53

1.09 1.26 1.230.46

0.66

1.25 1.22

0.6

1.2

0.86

1.21

1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050

0 to 4 5 to 14 15 to 24

1.33

2.04

2.72

3.03 3.133.05

The World’s Child and Youth Population



• The number of people under age 25 has more than doubled since the 1950s: from 1.32 billion to 2.70 billion in 1990. According to UN medium projections, the number of youth is expected to peak around the year 2030 at over 3 billion, and to slowly decline thereafter.

Notes on the World’s Child and Youth Population


953879 875

954916945 958954

909938927963

793820

U.S. India Bihar Haryana Kerala Punjab Rajasthan

1991 2001

Sex Ratio in the U.S., India, and Selected Indian States, 1991 and 2001Females per 1,000 males, children 6 and under

Sex Ratio Imbalance in India: Too Few Girls

Source: Census of India, 2001.


• A declining sex ratio (as defined here) indicates that the female population is declining relative to the male population. The sex ratio for the under-6 population has increased in Kerala, where son preference is weaker, but decreased sharply in Punjab and decreased somewhat in the other states shown.• Explanations for this decrease are disturbing. Girls are known to be neglected. Female fetuses have been aborted, and girl babies have been allowed to die after birth. India’s National Family Health Survey II revealed that the number of deaths of girls ages 1 to 4 is estimated to be 1.5 times higher than the number of deaths among boys of the same age because of relative nutritional and medical neglect of girls (by this age, breastfeeding ceases). This death rate is unusual.

Notes on Sex Ratio Imbalance in India: Too Few Girls


43

29

38

30

44 45

60

45

67

East Asia andthe Pacific

Latin Americaand the

Caribbean

Middle East andNorth Africa

South Asia Sub-SaharanAfrica

Breastfed exclusively, less than 6 months Breastfed with complementary food, 6-9 months

1996-2004*Percent of children who are breastfed

Breastfeeding, by World Region

* Most recent year available for each region. Some data unavailable.Note: Both of the breastfeeding practices in the legend are recommended by the World Health Organization.Source: UNICEF, State of the World's Children 2006.


Children Under 5, Most Recent Data Available, 1996-2004Percent

16

21

38

44

7

14

28

46

2

69

14

Latin America andthe Caribbean

Middle East andNorth Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia

Stunting (low height for age) Underweight (low weight for age) Wasting (low weight for height)

Child Malnutrition Measures, by Region

Source: UNICEF, State of the World’s Children 2006.


49

8

4649

28

35

46

7

44 45

29 31

Bangladesh2004

Bolivia 2003

Cambodia2000

India1998/1999

Nigeria 2003

Vietnam 2003

Female Male

Children Under 5 Who Are Underweight*Percent

Child Malnutrition, by Sex

* Underweight means abnormally low weight for age. Source: UNICEF, End Decade Database on Child Malnutrition(http://www.childinfo.org/areas/malnutrition/uwgender.php, accessed June 8, 2006).


• In countries with a strong son preference (Asian countries such as India), girls are more apt to be underweight than boys. Girls may receive less food and less medical care than boys.

Notes on Child Malnutrition, by Sex


Children Under 5 Who Are Stunted*Percent

32 33

813 12

50

55

20

4441

Bangladesh2004

Nepal 2001

Jordan 2002

Bolivia 2003

Burkina Faso2003

Mother has secondary education or higher Mother has no education

Child Malnutrition, by Mother’s Education

* Children whose height is abnormally low for their age; chronically malnourished.Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.


86

159

74

11

35

8

39

World Africa Asia Europe LatinAmericaand the

Caribbean

NorthAmerica

Oceania

Children Under 5, 2000Deaths per 1,000 live births

Child Mortality, by Region



Diarrhea*17%

Measles4%

HIV/AIDS3%

Neonatal Causes**

37%

Malaria 8%

Acute Respiratory Infections

19%

Other13%

Deaths to Children Under 5, by Cause, 2000-2003

* Includes only deaths from diarrhoea during the postneonatal period** Neonatal causes include diarrhoea during the neonatal periodSource: World Health Organization, World Health Report, 2005.

Causes of Child Mortality, Worldwide


• According to WHO, more than 10 million children under age 5 die each year. • More than one-third of children’s deaths are due to acute respiratory infections or diarrhea.

Notes on Causes of Child Mortality, Worldwide


Causes of Child Mortality, Africa

Deaths Among Children Under 5, by Cause, 2000-2003

* Includes only deaths from diarrhea during the postneonatal period** Neonatal causes include diarrhea during the neonatal periodSource: World Health Organization, World Health Report, 2005.

HIV/AIDS6%

Measles 5%

Neonatal Causes**

27%

Acute Respiratory Infections

21%Malaria

18%

Diarrhea*16%

Other7%


Annual number of deaths to infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births

81

99

133

93

21

89

52

7

22

48

World Africa Asia Latin Americaand the

Caribbean

MoreDeveloped

Regions

1970-1975 2005-2010

Trends in Infant Mortality, by Region



• In the last three decades, the worldwide rate of death to children under age 1 has dropped by nearly one-half: from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in the early 1970s to 52 deaths at the beginning of the new century.• The rate of infant mortality varies widely by region. For example, in Africa, the infant mortality rate is 12 times higher than the rate for more developed regions (89 compared with 7).

Notes on Trends in Infant Mortality, by Region


74

88 92

114123

163

5362

7687

100

116

Eritrea 2002

Madagascar2003/04

Cameroon2004

Burkina Faso2003

Nigeria 2003

Mozambique2003

Mother less than 20 years old Mother 20 to 29 years old

Rate by Age of Mother at Time of BirthDeaths by age 1 per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period


Infant Mortality, Sub-Saharan Africa


27

6874

87

25

44 46

70

Jordan 2002 Morocco 2003/2004 Egypt 2000 Turkmenistan 2000



Infant Mortality, North Africa and West Asia



39 42

53

101108

2027

39

88

68

Vietnam 2002

Philippines 2003

Indonesia2002/2003

Cambodia 2000

Nepal 2001




Infant Mortality, South and Southeast Asia


41 42

52

79

31 29

40

65

83

131

DominicanRepublic 2002

Nicaragua 2001

Peru 2000

Bolivia 2003

Haiti 2000



Infant Mortality, Latin America/Caribbean



5449

40

50

5862

3530 31

37

48

42

Ghana 2003

Madagascar2003/04

Cameroon2004

Burkina Faso2003

Nigeria 2003

Mozambique2003


Rate by Age of Mother at Time of BirthDeaths in the first month of life per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period


Neonatal Mortality, Sub-Saharan Africa


27 2832

45

71

15 1619

3640

Vietnam 2002

Philippines 2003

Indonesia2002/2003

Cambodia 2000

Nepal 2001


Rate by Age of Mother at Time of BirthDeaths in the first month of life per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period


Neonatal Mortality, South and Southeast Asia

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