© 2012 Copyright Southwest Research Institute Leveraging ITS for Environmental Gains Jesus Martinez...

© 2012 Copyright Southwest Research Institute

Leveraging ITS for Environmental

GainsJesus Martinez

Co-Authors: Lynne Randolph, Roger Strain, Josh Johnson and Steve Dellenback

October 2012 Transpo 1


Agenda

The Case for ITS and the Environment

Environmental Management Demonstration

Going Forward

Questions

2October 2012 Transpo


The Case for ITS and the Environment



Case for ITS and the Environment

Transportation is the 2nd largest producer of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels

CO2 emissions account for nearly 85% of vehicle emissions


Source: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory



Political TideInternationally

–Kyoto protocol being slowly adopted–Goal to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to

pre-1990 levelsUnited States

–Executive: President Obama expressed support for creating policies to help reach Kyoto protocol standards

–Legislative: Lack of meaningful legislative action yet to be enacted

–Judicial: “Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency” granted EPA regulatory responsibility over Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and other GHGs.




Recent US Environmental Regulation Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

– New attainment regulations for GHG released in December 2010

Reduced GHG (particularly CO2)

Reduced Ozone (O3)

– State Implementation Plans (SIP) for air quality will be changing

– Municipal Planning Organizations will develop new strategies




Nonattainment to EPA standards results in increased efforts for compliance

State Implementation Plan (SIP) development Impact on industry for emissions reduction Costs passed onto consumer

ITS poised to play new role in environmental management

ITS systems can be used to provide meaningful environmental data at the microscopic level

Environmental integrated ITS will enable– Real-time monitoring– Operational mitigation– Quantifying environmental impact– Verification of performance measures



SwRI Environmental Management Demonstration



System Concept



Data Gathering

Interfaces with vehicle CANbus data

Connects to OBD-II Port (On-Board Diagnostic Port)

RPMs Speed Fuel efficiency Mass air flow rate

Mass air flow rate is not standardized OBD-II data

No tail pipe emissions collection system utilized

Cost $200,000-$300,000 USD



Calculating Emissions

Fuel flow calculations Calculated with air flow to fuel flow ratio 14.7 to 1

CO2 emissions calculations EPA assumes 99% oxidation (burning) of the fuel Gallon of gasoline has 2.421 kg of carbon A little chemistry with atomic weights:

– Carbon: 12.011– Oxygen: 15.9994– CO2: 44.0098

Determines that one Gallon of regular gas results in 8.8 kg or 19.4 pounds of CO2 emissions

Accuracy fluctuates based on Engine type and performance Engine age and mechanical issues Fuel quality



In-Vehicle Display


Prototype Display

Final Display


In-Vehicle Display



Connected Vehicles

GPS collection of location data

Latitude, longitude, and altitude

Speed Heading (direction)

Connected Vehicles On-Board Equipment (OBE)

Sends vehicle probe data message modified to include CO2 emissions

Sent once per second



SunGuide® Integration

Orlando Road Side Equipment (RSE) Network

Twenty five 5.9 MHz RSE radios collect probe data and basic safety messages

RSEs have range of up to 1 km

SunGuide is Florida’s traffic management system

SunGuide integrated with Connected Vehicles to

Uses vehicle probe data and basic safety messages

Sends traveler advisory messages to vehicles



SunGuide Integration


SunGuide enhanced to include environmental data

Average emissions Total emissions calculated

from traffic volume Number of samples

Data aggregated by roadway segments

Only requires a sample of emissions data to calculate overall emissions impact


Going Forward



Next Steps and Lessons Learned

Improve in-vehicle data collection Enhanced algorithms accounting for

vehicle model and age Vehicle classification Shrink in-vehicle hardware profile

Connected Vehicles standards need to be updated to explicitly include emissions data elements

Use alternative wireless communication short-term to replace Connected Vehicles

Improve traffic management system to use vehicle classifications for calculating total emissions


Low EmissionsZones

AlternativeFuel Vehicles

Eco Signals Eco Lanes

AERIS Concepts

Traveler Info

Integrated Corridor Management /

Traveler Information


Applications for the Environment: Real-time Information Synthesis

Eco-Signal Operations

Low Emissions Zones

Eco-Lanes

Eco-Integrated Corridor Management

Eco-Traveler Information

Support Alternative Fuel Vehicle Operations


SunGuide Integration

Source: USDOT AERIS Program http://www.its.dot.gov/aeris/pdf/Draft_Transformative_Concepts.pdf


Questions

20October 2012 2012 Transpo

Jesus Martinez

Southwest Research [email protected]

(305) 986-2596

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