© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 – Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure $100 $200 $300 $400...

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 6 – Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

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Compact or Spongy?

Bone Cells and Tissues

Bone Dynamics

Hormones Bone Yard

FINAL ROUND


Topic 1: Compact or Spongy?

$100 Question

Which of these bones is classified as a flat bone?

a. pollex

b. carpal

c. sphenoid

d. sternum

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$100 Answer

Which of these bones is classified as a flat bone?

a. pollex

b. carpal

c. sphenoid

d. sternum

BACK TO GAME



$200 Question

In a sample of bone if the lamellae are not arranged in osteons, then this sample is from the _________.

a. diaphysis

b. medullary cavity of a long bone

c. epiphysis or diaphysis

d. epiphysisBACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$200 Answer

In a sample of bone if the lamellae are not arranged in osteons, then this sample is from the _________.

a. diaphysis

b. medullary cavity of a long bone

c. epiphysis or diaphysis

d. epiphysisBACK TO GAME



$300 Question

In osseous tissue which characteristics apply to spongy bone?

a. no osteons, very vascular, bone marrow cavity

b. red bone marrow, canaliculi, no osteons

c. osteons, trabeculae, bone marrow cavity

d. no osteons, lamellae, superficial, and glossy

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$300 Answer

In osseous tissue which characteristics apply to spongy bone?

a. no osteons, very vascular, bone marrow cavity

b. red bone marrow, canaliculi, no osteons

c. osteons, trabeculae, bone marrow cavity

d. no osteons, lamellae, superficial, and glossy

BACK TO GAME



$400 Question

A child who enters puberty several years later than the average age is generally taller than average as an adult. Why?

a. Epiphyseal plates fuse during puberty.

b. Bone growth continues throughout childhood.

c. Growth spurts usually occur at the onset of puberty.

d. All of the above are correct.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$400 Answer

A child who enters puberty several years later than the average age is generally taller than average as an adult. Why?

a. Epiphyseal plates fuse during puberty.

b. Bone growth continues throughout childhood.

c. Growth spurts usually occur at the onset of puberty.




$500 Question

Why would you expect that all people lose some height as they age?

a. Osteomalacia causes the bones to soften.

b. Osteopenia causes a reduction in bone mass.

c. Osteoporosis causes a reduction in bone mass.

d. Growth hormone is no longer available.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 1: Compact or Spongy

$500 Answer

Why would you expect that all people lose some height as they age?

a. Osteomalacia causes the bones to soften.

b. Osteopenia causes a reduction in bone mass.

c. Osteoporosis causes a reduction in bone mass.

d. Growth hormone is no longer available.

BACK TO GAME


Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues

$100 Question

During intramembranous ossification, which type of tissue is replaced by bone?

a. hyaline cartilage

b. elastic tissue

c. mesenchymal connective tissue

d. adipose tissue

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$100 Answer

During intramembranous ossification, which type of tissue is replaced by bone?

a. hyaline cartilage

b. elastic tissue

c. mesenchymal connective tissue

d. adipose tissue

BACK TO GAME



$200 Question

In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts?

a. de novo synthesis

b. cells brought via the nutrient artery

c. cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium

d. chondrocytes from the original model

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$200 Answer

In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts?

a. de novo synthesis

b. cells brought via the nutrient artery

c. cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium

d. chondrocytes from the original model

BACK TO GAME



$300 Question

How is bone remodeling accomplished?

a. Osteoclasts break down matrix while osteoblasts form new bone matrix.

b. Osteocytes remove and replace calcium salts simultaneously.

c. Osteoclasts are active, while osteoprogenitor cells differentiate rapidly.

d. Osteoblasts are inhibited.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$300 Answer

How is bone remodeling accomplished?

a. Osteoclasts break down matrix while osteoblasts form new bone matrix.

b. Osteocytes remove and replace calcium salts simultaneously.

c. Osteoclasts are active, while osteoprogenitor cells differentiate rapidly.

d. Osteoblasts are inhibited

BACK TO GAME



$400 Question

Which of the following is true concerning the periosteum?

a. It has a fibrous outer layer that provides firm attachments for tendons.

b. It provides a route for nerves and blood vessels into bone.

c. Its cellular layer actively participates in bone growth and repair.


ANSWER



$400 Answer

Which of the following is true concerning the periosteum?

a. It has a fibrous outer layer that provides firm attachments for tendons.

b. It provides a route for nerves and blood vessels into bone.

c. Its cellular layer actively participates in bone growth and repair.




$500 Question

Which of the following describes osteoprogenitor cells?

a. divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

b. assist in elevating local concentrations of calcium phosphate

c. multinucleate and derive from same stem cells that produce monocytes

d. maintain protein and mineral content of surrounding matrix

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 2: Bone Cells and Tissues :

$500 Answer

Which of the following describes osteoprogenitor cells?

a. divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

b. assist in elevating local concentrations of calcium phosphate

c. multinucleate and derive from same stem cells that produce monocytes

d. maintain protein and mineral content of surrounding matrix

BACK TO GAME


Topic 3: Bone Dynamics

$100 Question

Which of these bony markings would be described as hollowed-out areas usually filled with air?

a. tuberosities

b. condyles

c. processes

d. sinusesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$100 Answer

Which of these bony markings would be described as hollowed-out areas usually filled with air?

a. tuberosities

b. condyles

c. processes

d. sinusesBACK TO GAME



$200 Question

If the activity of osteoblasts exceeds the activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected?

a. mass becomes porous

b. mass will not be affected

c. more mass

d. less massBACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$200 Answer

If the activity of osteoblasts exceeds the activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected?

a. mass becomes porous

b. mass will not be affected

c. more mass

d. less massBACK TO GAME



$300 Question

What statement is NOT true with regard to spongy bone?

a. It has red bone marrow.

b. It has yellow bone marrow.

c. It is found where stress comes from many directions.

d. All of the above statements are true.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$300 Answer

What statement is NOT true with regard to spongy bone?

a. It has red bone marrow.

b. It has yellow bone marrow.

c. It is found where stress comes from many directions.

d. All of the above statements are true.

BACK TO GAME



$400 Question

Why is osteoporosis more common in older women than in older men?

a. Testosterone levels decline in postmenopausal women.

b. Older women tend to be more sedentary than older men.

c. Declining estrogen levels lead to decreased calcium deposition.

d. In males, androgens increase with age.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$400 Answer

Why is osteoporosis more common in older women than in older men?

a. Testosterone levels decline in postmenopausal women.

b. Older women tend to be more sedentary than older men.

c. Declining estrogen levels lead to decreased calcium deposition.

d. In males, androgens increase with age.

BACK TO GAME



$500 Question

Put the terms in order that describe endochondral ossification:

1. Blood vessels grow into matrix, and cells give rise to osteoblasts that form superficial bone.

2. Chondrocytes enlarge and die leaving struts within the cavity.

3. Remodeling occurs as bone gets thicker and establishes secondary ossification centers.

4. As blood vessels invade the diaphysis, a primary ossification is established.

a. 1, 2, 4, 3

b. 2, 1, 3, 4

c. 2, 1, 4, 3

d. 1, 2, 3, 4 BACK TO GAME

ANSWER



$500 Answer

BACK TO GAME

Put the terms in order that describe endochondral ossification:

1. Blood vessels grow into matrix, and cells give rise to osteoblasts that form superficial bone.

2. Chondrocytes enlarge and die leaving struts within the cavity.

3. Remodeling occurs as bone gets thicker and establishes secondary ossification centers.

4. As blood vessels invade the diaphysis, a primary ossification is established.

a. 1, 2, 4, 3

b. 2, 1, 3, 4

c. 2, 1, 4, 3

d. 1, 2, 3, 4


Topic 4: Hormones

$100 Question

A seven-year-old child has a pituitary tumor involving the cells that secrete growth hormone (GH), resulting in increased levels of GH. How will this condition affect the child’s growth?

a. The individual will be taller.

b. The individual will be shorter.

c. Growth of the individual will be erratic and slow.

d. The GH will mostly affect the flat bones rather than the long bones.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 4: Hormones

$100 Answer

A seven-year-old child has a pituitary tumor involving the cells that secrete growth hormone (GH), resulting in increased levels of GH. How will this condition affect the child’s growth?

a. The individual will be taller.

b. The individual will be shorter.

c. Growth of the individual will be erratic and slow.

d. The GH will mostly affect the flat bones rather than the long bones.

BACK TO GAME


Topic 4: Hormones

$200 Question

What effect would increased PTH secretion have on blood calcium levels?

a. higher level of calcium due to osteoclast stimulation

b. lower level of calcium due to osteoclast stimulation

c. lower calcium levels due to calcitriol inhibition

d. no effect on blood calcium; PTH affects calcium in the bones

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 4: Hormones

$200 Answer

What effect would increased PTH secretion have on blood calcium levels?

a. higher level of calcium due to osteoclast stimulation

b. lower level of calcium due to osteoclast stimulation

c. lower calcium levels due to calcitriol inhibition

d. no effect on blood calcium; PTH affects calcium in the bones

BACK TO GAME


Topic 4: Hormones

$300 Question

A balance between which two hormones is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis?

a. calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

b. calcitriol and thyroxine

c. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

d. growth hormone and sex hormones

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 4: Hormones

$300 Answer

A balance between which two hormones is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis?

a. calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

b. calcitriol and thyroxine

c. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

d. growth hormone and sex hormones

BACK TO GAME


Topic 4: Hormones

$400 Question

How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood?

a. by inhibiting osteoclast activity

b. by increasing the rate of calcium excretion at the kidneys

c. by increasing the rate of calcium uptake by intestinal cells

d. both A and B

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 4: Hormones

$400 Answer

How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood?

a. by inhibiting osteoclast activity

b. by increasing the rate of calcium excretion at the kidneys

c. by increasing the rate of calcium uptake by intestinal cells

d. both A and B

BACK TO GAME


Topic 4: Hormones

$500 Question

Which hormone is correctly paired with its function?

a. calcitonin: stimulates osteoclast activity

b. PTH: reduces calcium ion concentration of body fluids

c. calcitriol: inhibits calcium and phosphate ion absorption along the digestive tract

d. thyroxine: stimulates osteoblast activity

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 4: Hormones

$500 Answer

Which hormone is correctly paired with its function?

a. calcitonin: stimulates osteoclast activity

b. PTH: reduces calcium ion concentration of body fluids

c. calcitriol: inhibits calcium and phosphate ion absorption along the digestive tract

d. thyroxine: stimulates osteoblast activity

BACK TO GAME


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$100 Question

Why would a second fracture to a particular bone be more likely to occur at a different site along that bone than the first fracture?

a. The newly formed bone is slightly thicker and stronger at the original fracture site.

b. During healing of the first fracture, calcium was removed making the site of the second fracture weaker.

c. The person is older when the second fracture occurs, so their bones are weaker.

d. None of the above are correct.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$100 Answer

Why would a second fracture to a particular bone be more likely to occur at a different site along that bone than the first fracture?

a. The newly formed bone is slightly thicker and stronger at the original fracture site.

b. During healing of the first fracture, calcium was removed making the site of the second fracture weaker.

c. The person is older when the second fracture occurs, so their bones are weaker.



Topic 5: Bone Yard

$200 Question

Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description?

a. fissure: depression

b. fossa: raised protrusion

c. tuberosity: process formed where tendons and ligaments attach

d. spine: process formed for articulation with adjacent bones

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$200 Answer

Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description?

a. fissure: depression

b. fossa: raised protrusion

c. tuberosity: process formed where tendons and ligaments attach

d. spine: process formed for articulation with adjacent bones

BACK TO GAME


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$300 Question

How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased?

a. strength increases, flexibility increases

b. strength increases, flexibility decreases

c. strength decreases, flexibility decreases

d. strength decreases, flexibility increases

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$300 Answer

How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased?

a. strength increases, flexibility increases

b. strength increases, flexibility decreases

c. strength decreases, flexibility decreases

d. strength decreases, flexibility increases

BACK TO GAME


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$400 Question

Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking?

a. Joints become fused, preventing movement.

b. Bones are brittle and break under body weight.

c. Bones are flexible and bend under body weight.

d. Motor skills are impaired.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$400 Answer

Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking?

a. Joints become fused, preventing movement.

b. Bones are brittle and break under body weight.

c. Bones are flexible and bend under body weight.

d. Motor skills are impaired.BACK TO GAME


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$500 Question

Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity?

a. Estrogens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure.

b. Androgens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure.

c. Thyroxine increases the rate of osteoblast activity in boys before puberty.

d. Men have more growth hormone.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER


Topic 5: Bone Yard

$500 Answer

Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity?

a. Estrogens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure.

b. Androgens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure.

c. Thyroxine increases the rate of osteoblast activity in boys before puberty.

d. Men have more growth hormone. BACK TO GAME


FINAL ROUND Question

What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone?

a. Spongy bone resists stress from many directions while compact bone is extremely strong when stressed along the axis of alignment.

b. Spongy bone is strong along its main axis of alignment while compact bone resists stress from many directions.

c. Both spongy and compact bone resist stresses from all angles except a sudden force to the side of the bone.


ANSWER


FINAL ROUND Answer

What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone?

a. Spongy bone resists stress from many directions while compact bone is extremely strong when stressed along the axis of alignment.

b. Spongy bone is strong along its main axis of alignment while compact bone resists stress from many directions.

c. Both spongy and compact bone resist stresses from all angles except a sudden force to the side of the bone.


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