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Who are they?

How are they selected?

What do they do?

U.S. Government, Unit: 05 Lesson: 03

Constitutional Authority?• Not a formal organization mandated by law

• Developed over the years as an informal group of advisors from each of the executive departments

Article II, Section 2, Clause 1… “he may require the Opinion, in writing of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices…”

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Interesting Facts about Presidential Cabinets

• George Washington’s top two advisors, Jefferson and Hamilton, disagreed so bitterly that political parties formed around these two men.

• Andrew Jackson preferred a group of informal advisors known as the “Kitchen Cabinet.”

• Abraham Lincoln once took a vote in which the seven members unanimously opposed him. He said, “Seven nays, one aye, the ayes have it.”

• John F. Kennedy’s brother served as Attorney General and served as a chief advisor.

• Ronald Reagan held Cabinet meetings an average of twice a week to stay informed.

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The First Executive Departments:George Washington’s Presidency

• Department of State - Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson

• Department of the Treasury - Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton

• Department of War - Secretary of Defense Henry Knox

• Office of the Attorney General - Edmund Randolph -became the Department of Justice in 1870

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Today there are fifteen departments.

Presidential Cabinet Today• Secretary of State• Secretary of the Treasury• Attorney General (Justice

Dept.)• Secretary of Defense• Secretary of the Interior• Secretary of Agriculture• Secretary of Commerce• Secretary of Labor

• Secretary of Health and Human Services

• Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

• Secretary of Transportation• Secretary of Energy• Secretary of Education• Secretary of Veterans

Affairs• Secretary of Homeland

Security

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Department of State

• Handles the foreign policy of the nation

• Staffs embassies• Analyzes data about

American interests in other nations

• Speaks for the United States at the United Nations

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Department of the Treasury• Serves as the financial

division of the government• Manages public debt• Collects taxes• Manufactures coins and

currency• Regulates and collects taxes

from producers and distributers of alcohol and tobacco

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Department of Justice

• Oversees the nation’s legal affairs

• Supervises the agencies that serve as the nation’s police and prison system

• Enforces antitrust laws

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Department of Defense

• Protects the security of the United States

• Oversees the U.S. Armed Forces through the Joint Chiefs of Staff

• Until 1949 was called the Department of War

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Department of Interior

• Protects the public lands and natural resources throughout the United States

• Oversees relationships with American Indian nations

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Department of Agriculture

• Helps farmers improve incomes and production for home and abroad

• Develops conservation programs

• Safeguards the nation’s food supply

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Department of Commerce

• Promotes and protects the industrial and commercial parts of the economy

• Carries out the census

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Department of Labor

• Ensures safe working conditions

• Oversees minimum wages and protects pensions

• Collects and analyzes data on employment

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Department of Health and Human Services

• Oversees programs concerned with health and social services of the American people

• Manages federal medicare and medicaid

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Department of Housing and Urban Development

• Works to assist communities in the nation and expand access to affordable housing

• Ensures equal housing opportunities

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Department of Transportation

• Regulates America’s transportation needs, policies and planning

• Works to ensure safe, efficient, and convenient land, sea, rail, and air transportation including monitoring inland waterways and highways

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Department of Energy

• Plans energy policy and implements policy regarding the handling of nuclear material

• Responsible for the nation’s nuclear weapons program, reactors, and radioactive waste

• Researches and develops energy technology

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Department of Education• Establishes policy for,

administers and coordinates most federal assistance to education, collects data on US schools, and enforces federal educational laws regarding privacy and civil rights

• Its mission is: to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access

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Department of Veterans Affairs

• Oversees medical care and other services for veterans and families after their service

• Manages educational programs for veterans and works to end Veterans’ homelessness

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Department of Homeland Security

• Charged with protecting the security of America’s borders, shores, land and the safety of its people

• Newest department created in 2002 after September 11, 2001

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Other Cabinet Rank Members• The Vice President• Head of the Office of

Management and Budget• Head of the Environmental

Protection Agency

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• White House Chief of Staff• United States Trade

Representative• Head of the Office of

National Drug Control Policy

Lincoln meeting with his Cabinet providing the first reading to the Emancipation Proclamation

Steps in the Process of Appointing Members of the Cabinet

• Presidential nomination• White House review• Paperwork financial

disclosure• FBI investigation• Senate confirmation

hearings• Senate vote (majority

needed)

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