© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.1

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Third Edition

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Desktop Virtualization

McGraw-Hill

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.2

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Explain the evolution of desktop virtualiza-tion and understand the common features of today’s desktop virtualization products

• Select and implement a desktop virtualiza-tion option on a Windows Vista or Windows 7 desktop

• Describe desktop virtualization options for a Mac OS X desktop

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.3

Virtualization OverviewVirtualization Overview

• Ubiquity of Virtualization– Virtualization

– Virtual world

– Storage virtualization

– Network virtualization

– Server virtualization

– Desktop virtualization

– Virtual machine

– Application virtualization

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.4

Figure 3-1 VMware's Virtual Pavilion Figure 3-1 VMware's Virtual Pavilion showing Jane’s avatar (JazzyYoda) walking showing Jane’s avatar (JazzyYoda) walking into an exhibitor’s virtual booth.into an exhibitor’s virtual booth.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.5

Virtualization OverviewVirtualization Overview

• Your (Great?) Grandfather’s Virtual Machine

– Dumb terminal

– Terminal services

– Terminal client

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.6

A 1970s-era computer terminalA 1970s-era computer terminalSource: Chilton Computing/Atlas Computing Division/Rutherford Library.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.7

Virtualization OverviewVirtualization Overview

• Today’s Virtual Desktops

– Server-based virtual desktop

• Thin client connects to a server

• Client works in the server-hosted environment

• Most of processing done at server

• Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.8

Virtualization OverviewVirtualization Overview

• Today’s Virtual Desktops (cont.)

– Desktop-based Desktops

• Virtual desktop on local computer

• User can switch between host OS and guest OS

• Processing done locally

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.9

Virtualization OverviewVirtualization Overview

• Hypervisor/Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

– Type I

• Bare-metal hypervisor

• Runs directly on a computer without a host OS

• First appeared on servers

– Type II

• Requires a host OS

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.10

Figure 3-2 A Windows 7 virtual machine running Figure 3-2 A Windows 7 virtual machine running in OS X on an Apple computerin OS X on an Apple computer

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.11

Virtualization OverviewVirtualization Overview

• Tasks for creating a virtual machine

– Prepare the computer

– Install the hypervisor

– Install a virtual machine

– Install the guest OS

– Install guest utilities and secure guest OS

– Locate and practice with host key

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.12

Figure 3-3 Installing a hypervisorFigure 3-3 Installing a hypervisor

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.13

Virtualization OverviewVirtualization Overview

• Major Hypervisor Sources

– Citrix

– VMware

– Parallels

– Microsoft

– Oracle

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.14

Desktop VMs on Windows DesktopsDesktop VMs on Windows Desktops

• Microsoft Virtual PC 2007

– Requirements

• Host OS

– Windows Vista Business, Enterprise, Ultimate

– Windows Server 2003, Standard 32-bit and 64-bit

– Windows XP Professional 32-bit and 64-bit

– Windows XP Tablet PC

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.15

Desktop VMs on Windows DesktopsDesktop VMs on Windows Desktops

• Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 (cont.)

– Recommended

• Host Hardware

– X64 or x86-based computer with 1 GHz processor with L2 cache

– Processor: AMD Athlon or Duron, Intel Celeron, Intel Pentium II, Intel Pentium III, Intel Pentium 4, Intel Core Duo, or Intel Core2 Duo

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.16

Step-by-Step 3.01Step-by-Step 3.01Installing Microsoft Virtual PC 2007

Desktop VMs on Windows DesktopsDesktop VMs on Windows Desktops

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.17

Desktop VMs on Windows DesktopsDesktop VMs on Windows Desktops

• Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 (cont.)

– Creating a Virtual Machine in Virtual PC

• Start Virtual PC 2007 from Start | All Programs

• New Virtual Machine Wizard

– Create a customized VM

– Create a VM with the defaults for the client

– Add a pre-existing VM

– Start VM with distribution disc in drive

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.18

Figure 3-4 Select the correct optionFigure 3-4 Select the correct option

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.19

Figure 3-5 Enter a name for the virtual machineFigure 3-5 Enter a name for the virtual machine

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.20

Figure 3-6 Select from the list of supported OSsFigure 3-6 Select from the list of supported OSs

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.21

Figure 3-7 Select from the list of supported OSsFigure 3-7 Select from the list of supported OSs

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.22

Desktop VMs on Windows DesktopsDesktop VMs on Windows Desktops

• Windows XP Mode and Windows Virtual PC

– Windows XP Mode for Windows 7

• Windows Virtual PC with Windows XP preinstalled

• Use to run legacy applications

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.23

Desktop VMs on Windows DesktopsDesktop VMs on Windows Desktops

• Windows Virtual PC for Windows 7– Guest OSs

• Windows Vista

• Windows 2000

• Linux

– Requires hardware-assisted virtualization• Use the Hardware-Assisted Virtualization

Detection Tool

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.24

The Virtual PC download pageThe Virtual PC download page

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.25

Figure 3-8 This computer cannot run Windows Figure 3-8 This computer cannot run Windows Virtual PCVirtual PC

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.26

Desktop VMs on Windows DesktopsDesktop VMs on Windows Desktops

• VMware Player– VMware has produced VM software for 10 years+

– VMware Player is a desktop hypervisor• Available as a free trial

• Three versions– 32-bit/64-bit for Windows hosts

– 32-bit for Linux hosts

– 64-bit for Linux hosts

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.27

Figure 3-9 Download the trial version of VMware Figure 3-9 Download the trial version of VMware to test it before deciding to buy itto test it before deciding to buy it

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.28

Desktop VMs on Windows DesktopsDesktop VMs on Windows Desktops

• Oracle VirtualBox– Host OSs

• Windows

• Linux

• Mac OS X

– Client OSs• Windows

• Linux

• DOS

– Does not require virtualization hardware

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.29

Desktop VMs on Mac OS XDesktop VMs on Mac OS X

• Apple Boot Camp– Not really a virtualization option

– Multi-boot between Mac OSX and Windows

– Requirements• Intel-based Mac

• Mac OS X 10.6 or later strongly recommended

• Keyboard and point device

• Built-in optical disk drive or compatible external drive

• Mac OS X installation disc

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.30

Desktop VMs on Mac OS XDesktop VMs on Mac OS X

• Apple Boot Camp (cont.)

– Requirements• Intel-based Mac

• Mac OS X 10.6 or later strongly recommended

• Keyboard and point device

• Built-in optical disk drive or compatible external drive

• Mac OS X installation disc

– Client OSs• Windows XP Home or Professional Edition with SP 2

• Windows Vista or Windows 7 Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.31

Desktop VMs on Mac OS XDesktop VMs on Mac OS X

• Apple Boot Camp (cont.)

– Boot Camp comes with Mac OS X

– Run Boot Camp Assistant• From Applications | Utilities folder

• Creates a new partition for the Windows OS

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.32

Figure 3-10 Print the Installation and Setup Figure 3-10 Print the Installation and Setup Guide before proceedingGuide before proceeding

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.33

Figure 3-11 Partitioning the hard driveFigure 3-11 Partitioning the hard drive

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.34

The Boot Camp partition appears with The Boot Camp partition appears with other drives under Devices in the Finderother drives under Devices in the Finder

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.35

Desktop VMs on Mac OS XDesktop VMs on Mac OS X

• Oracle Virtual Box– Guests

• Windows

• Linux

• DOS

– Hardware virtualization not required

– Download disk image file

– Install VirtualBox from the disk image

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.36

Figure 3-12 Downloading VirtualBoxFigure 3-12 Downloading VirtualBox

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.37

Step-by-Step 3.02Step-by-Step 3.02

Installing Oracle VirtualBox

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.38

Desktop VMs on Mac OS XDesktop VMs on Mac OS X

• Oracle Virtual Box (Continued)– Install Guest Additions after installing OS

• Improves client OS appearance

• Enables improved drivers for other hardware

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.39

Figure 3-13 Install the VirtualBox Guest Figure 3-13 Install the VirtualBox Guest Additions after installing the guest OSAdditions after installing the guest OS

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.40

Figure 3-14 VirtualBox with several virtual Figure 3-14 VirtualBox with several virtual machinesmachines

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.41

Chapter 3 SummaryChapter 3 Summary

• LO 3.1 Virtualization– There are many types of virtualization today, such

as virtual worlds, storage virtualization, network virtualization, server virtualization, and desktop virtualization—the subject of this chapter.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.42

Chapter 3 SummaryChapter 3 Summary

– Virtualization had its roots in the dumb terminal mainframe systems of the 1960s and the terminal service-terminal client systems of the 1990s

– Today’s virtual desktops can be hosted on network servers or on PCs.

– A hypervisor, or virtual machine monitor (VMM), is the software that emulates the necessary hardware on which an operating system runs.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.43

Chapter 3 SummaryChapter 3 Summary

– A Type I hypervisor (a “bare-metal hypervisor”) runs directly on a computer without an underlying host operating system.

– A Type II hypervisor requires a host operating system.

– The major sources of hypervisors are Citrix, VMware, Parallels, Microsoft, and Oracle.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.44

Chapter 3 SummaryChapter 3 Summary

• LO 3.2 Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops– There are both commercial and free Type II

hypervisors for running Linux, DOS, or Windows on a Windows desktop computer.

– Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 is free and will run on any computer running Windows XP or newer versions of Windows, and it supports Windows, Linux, and DOS guests without requiring hardware-assisted virtualization.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.45

Chapter 3 SummaryChapter 3 Summary

– Windows XP Mode is a free hypervisor that installs on a Windows 7 host with a Windows XP guest preinstalled. It does not require hardware-assisted virtualization.

– The free Windows Virtual PC requires both Windows 7 and hardware-assisted virtualization. Use the Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Detection Tool to test your computer before you download one of these solutions.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.46

Chapter 3 SummaryChapter 3 Summary

– VMware has several commercial hypervisor products. Download and install the trial version of VMware player to temporarily test this product before buying it.

– Oracle VirtualBox is free and runs on several hosts including versions of Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. It will run on hardware that does not support virtualization.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.47

Chapter 3 SummaryChapter 3 Summary

• LO 3.2 Desktop VMs on Mac OS X– You have several choices for hypervisors for Mac

OS X that will run versions of Windows and Linux.

– Apple Boot Camp is not actually a hypervisor so much as a dual boot option that allows you to dual-boot between Mac OS X and Windows. This gives each OS full use of the hardware, but only one can be loaded at a time.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.48

Chapter 3 SummaryChapter 3 Summary

– Oracle VirtualBox is a free hypervisor and will run versions of Windows, Linux, and DOS on hardware that does not support virtualization.

– Parallels is a commercial hypervisor product for Apple and other hosts, mentioned, but not detailed in this chapter.