Date post: | 19-Jul-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | abdulaziz-saleh |
View: | 19 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 85
Evolution to let
:
:
chapter one: Overview Of Mobile Generation Networks chapter two: Second And Third Generation NetworksChapter three : LTE chapter four :Evolution to LTE
Chapter five : case study "Hardware Architecture in MTN Yemen
INTRODUCTION
chapter oneOverview Of Mobile Generation Networks
INTRODIONThe First-generation System
The second-generation System
The third-generation System
The Fourth-generation System
MOBILE NETWORK EVOLUTION:-
Multiple-access Techniques:-
Multiple-access Techniques
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
Frequency-division Multiple Access (FDMA):-
Time-division Multiple Access (TDMA):-
Code-division Multiple Access (CDMA):-
ModulationsModulations
GMSK
PSK
8-PSK
QPSK
Modes of operation:
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode:
Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode:
chapter two Second And Third Generation Networks
Part One: Second Generation Networks
INTRODUCTIONTo provide higher-quality (less noise-prone) mobile voice communications.
The second generation of the cellular phone network was developed. While the first generation was designed for analog voice communication, the second generation was mainly designed for digitized voice.
Second generation
IS-136 D-AMPS
GSM
IS-95 CDMA
D-AMPS The product of the evolution of the analog AMPS into a digital system is digital AMPS (D-AMPS).
D-AMPS was first defined by IS-54 (Interim Standard 54) and later revised by IS 136. D-AMPS is a digital cellular phone system using TDMA and FDMA.
GSMThe Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) can be found in Europe in the early 1980s. GSM is a digital cellular phone system using TDMA and FDMA.
GSM Architecture
Mobile Station (MS)The mobile station is made up of two parts: The handset or mobile equipment (ME). The subscriber identity module (SIM).
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Network Subsystem (NSS)
Development of Second Generation
EDGE GPRS
GSM
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
New ElementsServing GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
Border Gateway (BG)
Legal Interception Gateway (LIG)
Domain Name System (DNS)
Packet Control Unit (PCU)
Enhanced data rates in GSM Environment (EDGE)GSM Circuit Switched Core Network
PSTN
Internet BSC
GPRS Core Network
Enhanced Air Interface Solution Using
Part two Third Generation Networks
INTRODUCTION3G Systems are intended to provide a global mobility with wide range of services including telephony, messaging, Internet and broadband data .
3G
CDMA2000
UMTS
UMTS Architecture
UMTS NETWORK COMPONENTSUser Equipment (UE)
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
Core Network (CN)
ME
UEUSIM
node B UTRAN RNC
CN
Circuit Switched domain (CS)
Packet Switched domain (PS)
MSC/VLR
GMSC
CS
SGSN
GGSN
PS
EIR HLRCS & PS
AuC
CDMAone Architecture
CDMA2000 Architecture
New Platforms
Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN)
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)Home Agent
Router
Firewall
Commonality Between WCDMA & CDMA2000
Global standard. High quality. Worldwide roaming capability. Multimedia application services and terminals. Improved spectrum efficiency. Flexibility for evolution to the next generation of wireless systems. High-speed packet data rates.
chapter three LTE
IntroductionThe first research began around the early 1990s so as to develop technology that could cater for very high data rates, with simultaneous guaranteed QoS.Present subscriber requirements include downloading videos and music etc.
LTE Concepts Requirements for LTE
System architecture
The Core Network
LTE Architecture
The Access Network
The E-UTRAN is responsible for all radio-related functions: Radio Resource Management Header Compression Security Connectivity to the EPC
LTE Downlink Transmission Scheme OFDMA
1 resource block= 12 subcarrier
Downlink advantages
OFDMAHigh Spectral Efficiency Robust Against interference Support for MIMO Reduced Receiver Complexity
Resource Allocation
LTE Uplink Transmission Scheme SC-FDMA OFDMA properties are less favourable for the uplink , This is mainly due to weaker peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) properties of an OFDMA signal, resulting in worse uplink coverage. the LTE uplink transmission scheme for FDD and TDD mode I based on SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).
SC-FDMA characteristics :
SC-FDMA
Reduced Peak-toAverage Power Ratio (PAPR)
Improved coverage
Reduced equalizer complexity
Lower power consumption
Overview of multiple antenna techniques
Single input single output
Multiple input single output
Single input multiple output
Multiple input multiple output
chapter four Evolution to LTE
IntroductionReasons of development in 3GPPGlobal Generation Supports previous generations
Table Releases from 3GPPVersionRelease 99 Release 5 Release 6 Release 7
DataEnd of 1999 2002 End of 2004 Mid of 2007
DescriptionFirst UMTS HSDPA HSPA HSPA+
Release 8
In progress
LTE
Comparison of 2G-3G-4G Technologies:Technology /feature Data Bandwidth Switching2G 14.4 kbps Circuit 2.5G 14.4 kbps Circuit for access network & air interface; Packet for core network and data TDMA,CDMA 3G 2 Mbps Packet except circuit for air interface 4G 200 Mbps All packet
Multiple access Core Network:
TDMA, CDMA PSTN
CDMA
CDMA
PSTN and Packet Packet network network
Internet
Different LTE evolutionary paths
Hardware "Comparison of 3G-4G Mobile Station (MS)
Base Stations
Evolved Packet core (EPC)
UMTS EvolutionTechnology Evolution
SAE architecture
Cost-efficiency
Conclusion
Chapter fiveCase study Hardware Architecture in MTN Yemen
Introduction
The Mobile Equipment (Hand Set) MEIs subscriber equipment which enable user to access radio network via radio interface.
MS
Is loaded with Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) which identify individual subscriber in network.
( BSS) are divide two type:.
BTS or BS
BSC
BTS units:Antenna: Power amplifier (PA) : Transceiver (TRX): Combiner : Alarm extension system:.
Control function
BTS
The number of BTS in BSC is based on number of TRXs.BTS GSM 900 BTS GSM1800
The BTS in GSM 900 is consists of 4 TRXs ,and the BTS in GSM 1800 is consists of 8 TRXs , each 4 TRXs have the same frequencies The BTS in system GSM 900 is the same the system for BTS GSM 1800, but different between it are frequencies and the connection method between them by the suma.
The Base Station Controller(BSC)
BSC Hardware Architecture:BSC Hardware (HW) architecture: ATCA Shelf SSW: Subsystem serves switch
LIU Shelf
TP GSM: Transmission Processing board: CCP: Control Processing board:
MUX board: LIU boards:
OMCP: O&M Control Processing board:
Operation and Maintenance center(OMC):
Network subsystem( NSS ):The Network Subsystem also known as Circuit Core Network. The NSS is responsible of the call control, service control and subscriber mobility management function.
The switch divide to :universal media gateway (UMG) .mobile service switching center (MSC) .home location register (HLR) Softx3000
UMG)
service switching module user access module
UMG8900 can be divided into two parts: .
H.248/O&M/SIGTRAN UMG8900 TDM/IP/ATM Trunk SSM TDM Connection TDM/IP/ATM Trunk
UAM
UAM
......
UAM
ASL/DSL/PRA/DDN/FE
Front view of frames of service switching module Front view of the cabinet of service switching module
softx3000 hardwarePower distribution frame Service processing frame Air deflector Service processing frame Integrated shifter LAN switch Disk array Bam IGWB ( standby) IGWB (active) Blank filter panelsoftx3000 hardware
iGWB server Disk array
Integrated switcher
LAN Switch
Home location register HLRThe HLR9820 consists from the aspect of function ofSAUSignaling Access Unit
HDUHLR Database Unit SMUSubscriber Management Unit BAMBack Administration ModuleFigure 5.15 HLR
See figure 5.15
NSS NSS NSS
No.7 ATM 2M IP SAU TCP/IP HDU TCP/IP SMU LAN BNH
TCP/IP LAN BAM NMS
functional modules
W C S U Front0
W C S U
W C C U
W C C U
W B S G
W B S G
W S M U
W S M U
W I F M
W I F M
P S M
P S M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Back W W E E P P I I W S I U
W H S C
W S I U
W H S C
W B F I
W B F I
W C K I
W C K I
P S M
P S M