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Third Gen. Mobile N/WksSUMMARY

1 Introduction.

2 Radio Interface

3 Fixed Networks (NSS)

4 UMTS core networks

5 Towards Fourth Gen.

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Motivations For A New System.

Convergence of Computer, telecommunication & audio/Video

Applications.

Present services Essentially Voice

Extended to data and combination of voice/data.

.

New Frequency bands (WARC 92)

Migration of telecommunication players (Operators & Vendors)

towards applications & services.

Technological advances (Networks, Systems, DSP,etc

Definition & development of new systems.

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MAIN UMTS CHARACTERISTICS

Integration of existing mobile services (Cellular,

Cordless,paging,PMR etc with implementation of

Service portability

Choice among multiple terminals & service providers.

Flexible terminals supporting several radio interfaces

(Software radio)

Global Roaming for the terminals & services.

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Voice quality as with fixed networks.

Satellite Service for non covered areas.

Freq. Spectrum of UMTS: 1885-2025& 2110-2200MHZ.

Security & anti fraud features against access to

Data by non-authorized people or entities.

High Bit rate mobile multimedia services:@ 2Mb/s for indoor reduced mobility(10 Km/h)

@ 384 Kb/s for urban outdoor (120 Km/H

@144 kb/h for rural outdoor important mobility

(500 km/h)

Variable Quality of service (BER -3 to 6 &delay

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Between 30 & 300ms)

Asymetric & variable bit rate transmission.

Multiple services per user.

Speech 8Kbps.

Data: up to 384kbps.

video;: 384 kbps.

Multi media transmission also.

Objectives & characteristics.

High Bit rate.

service Integration.

Packet access.

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Capacity enhancement techniques: multi user detection

interference cancellation, adaptive Antennas.

Inter system handover (GSM-3G) & inter frequency.

Main challenge: Merge mobile telephone coverage

& Internet with other multimedia applications.

3G system must provide:

Multiple application handling.

Internet Access.

Flexible bearer service.

Packet access with low tariffs.

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3G Standardization.

WRC 92 allocated 1885-2025 MHZ & 2110-2200MHZ freq band

To IMT-2000.ITU-R (Study Group 8) working on FPLMTS became IMT-2000.

Regional activities.European Telecom standard Institute

Research Institute of telecommunication transmission

(RITT) in China.Association of Radio Industry & Business (ARIB) &

Telecommunication Technology committee (TTC) Japan.

Telecommunication Technologies Association (TTA) in

Korea.

Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) & TIPI in USA.

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3GPP members (ETSI) Europe (TIPI) USA (ARIB & TTA) Asia

Are to develop UMTS for GSM based systems.

3GPP2 Members are TIA (USA) ARIB, TTC. TTA & CWTS are to

develop 3G standards for IS-95 based CDMA systems.

Development Planning.

98-99 Definition of the Radio Interface.2000 First 3G network trials.

IMT-2000 recommendation validation by ITU-R.

2000-2001 3G licence allocation in Europe

End of 2001 First3G network in countries like Japan.on the

bases of first 3GPP specifications.

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Orthogonal spreading factor on the downlinks.

Coherent Rake reception on both links.

Fast power control on both links.

Variable bit rate transmission

Bandwidth after spreading is larger than the channel

Coherent bandwidth through which the waves areTransmitted.

The Channel is frequency-selective for these waves & then gives

Better performance compared to narrow band CDMA systems.

Motivation:- A DS system which experience selective frequencyfading solve the multi path components individually through

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The use of Rake receiver

The components are then combined coherently.

Allows to fight efficiently against fast fading & give higherbit rates.

Bandwidth /Energy trade off.

Larger the bandwidth, higher the number of multi -paths.

Energy per path decreases with the bandwidth which makes

The estimation of amplitude & phases of the paths more

difficult to be estimated for the Receiver.

UTRA:- Universal Terrestrial Radio Access.

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Spreading Factor 4to 512 1to 16

Channel coding No coding, Convolutional codes Turbo (1/3)

or 1/3

Physical & Logical Channels.

Transport Channels :- Services offered by layer 1 to upper layers.

The channels are of two types

Common Channels.

Dedicated Channels.

Physical Channels are associated with a code ,a time slot & a

frequency.

Based on a temporal structure there are three levelsSuper frames, Frames,& Time slots.

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3 Levels

Super frame;720 ms. 72 frames numbered SFN0 to SFN71

SFN = super frame number.

Radio Frame: 16 Ts

TS: Set of information symbols. Number of symbols depend on

the physical channel.

Transport & physical Channels (F.D.D.) Mode.

Transport channels are of two types.

(1) Common channels

(2) Dedicated channels.

Dedicated Transport channels

DCH:- User information or Si nallin .

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D

T

C

H

(

D

ed

i

c

a

t

e

DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel)

SDCCH (Slow dedicated control channel)

ACCH (Associated Control channel)

Fast Power Control.

FAUSCH. (Fast uplink signalling channel)

Signalling information from a user equipment(UE) to the Network. (Optional)

COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNELS

BCH (Broadcast Channel) Low bit rate channel.system

Specific& cell information broadcast.

FACH (Forward access channel) Channel for control information

to the UE when the system knows its cell. Can carry

user information (short Packets) slow power control.

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PCH(Paging channel) Channel for control info to the UE

When the system does not know itsCell Used for the sleep mode Procedure.

RACH (Random Access Channel)

Channel for the control information of

User equipment can carry short user packets. Pen loop powercontrol.

DSCH(Down link shared channel) Channel Shared by several UE

to carry transport control or traffic information There are 2 cases

DSCH associated to a DCH & DSCH associated to DSCH.

DSCH control channel Carries control information for a UEwhen the DSCH is not associated with a DCH

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Secondary SCH :- Frame Synchronisation determination

Determination of scrambling code Group.Determination of the scrambling code on

the primary CCPCH.

ACCESS Procedure.

Synchronisation (SCH)

BCCH monitors

Acquisition of the preamble code used in the cell (256 chips)

Path loss estimation.

Interference level U/L & Rx level broadcastSIR level.

Random choice of a preamble sequence(16 bits) among 16

possible ones

Choice of an offset.

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There are two types of interleaving involved.

Ist Interleaving: Realised for each transport channel.

2nd interleaving: Realized for each radio frame (10 ms) & applied

to a set of multiplexed transport channels.

Power Control.

Slow power Control on the uplink against the shadowfading effects.

Fast power control on both links : against Rayleigh fading

effects.

Transmission power varies in the range of 80 db on the

uplink & of 30 db on the downlink.

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Having the transaction of high data rate & video has become thereality

we are receiving / transmitting even video on our mobiles

Our entire country is to be provided with Wi-Fi & Wi-Max

connectivity which will enable us to nave quad play connectivity evento far flung areas

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FIXED NETWORK (NSS) & UMTS ARCHITECTURE :

2 options: (1) ATM based architecture,

(2) Use an architecture Where the transport of

user information is independent from the control.

QUALITY OF SERVICE.

(1) Service class.(2) Peak throughput.

(3) Guaranteed throughput.

(4) Residual BER.

(5) Type of traffic.

NSS CHARACTERISTICS.

1 Unique Core Network Simplifies the management of

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Core Network based on IP technologies

A Client/ Server oriented architecture with standard IP

solutions.Use of telephony & interconnection units servers for specific

PSTN/ISDN services support.( Voice,Fax,modem etc.

Use of proxy technologies for efficient transport of data on

The radio Interface.

QOS enhancement to fulfil all real time applications.

Use of terabit routers

VIRTUAL HOME ENVIRONMENT CONCEPT.

It provides the user with a multi site & terminal personal

Service environment.

Personalize subscribers services & service interface.

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Subscribers service operation & service interface are

Independent from network & location

Realize the separation of services & network.

Not a unique technology but a series of service creation

tools collection (e,g CAMEL).

NSS

Investments in existing infrastructure have been very

important for 2G networks Progressive transition.

At the beginning, UMTS network will be based on GSM/GPRS NSS

Routers will be added.

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INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) ISSUES.

Dominant inter -working protocol in operation today

.

Reasons for choosing IP for wireless data networking.

Applications written for wired data networks can operate on

wireless networks.

Integrated wireless & wire line networks can be built &managed , at lower expenses,

Advances in IP technology (IP telephony & QOS) may be

directly applied to wireless networks.

Wireless networks based on IP will be able to provide

voice service as well as data services.

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3GPP NETWORK ARCHITECTURE.

3Gpp vision Evolution towards an IP Core network.

1999:3GIP focus group to address the requirementsFor an all- IP wireless network architecture.

IP based architecture must support stream & best effort service.

Main principle:- provide separation of service control from

connection control.

Evolution:- GPRS as core packet network, overlaid with

call control & gateway functions required for supporting voice

overIP (VO

IP) & other multimedia services

.m

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Mobile IP CONCEPT

Current standard for supporting macro- mobility in IP networks.

Defines two entities to provide mobility support.

(HA) Home agent , statically assigned to the mobile host based

on the permanent home IP address of the mobile host.

Foreign agent (FA) has an IP address associated call the care

Of address.It is the IP entity closest to the mobile host.

Packets destined for a mobile host are intercepted by the HA

& tunneled to to the FA using the care of address.

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Future ofTelecommunication in INDIA

There has been the tremendous growth of telecom networks duringthe past decades

In his inaugural address to I.T.U members in the

year1992Secretary General ITU had said that he had a dream of

converting the whole world into a global village.

we thought that it was only a dream but now it has become the

reality, because we are now in a position to have communication

from one corner of the world to the other & that also not incurring

less expenditure.T

here has been so much improvement in thequality of the communication that it appears as if we are speaking

from different rooms of the same building though we may be

separated from one another bb thousands ofKilometers

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Our country did not lag behind as for as the development of

telecommunication standards and telecom networks are concerned

Almost the entire area of our country is covered by mobile & fixed

telecommunication networks & the growth of the mobile is so

rapid that we are going to add 6 million mobile subscribers to our

mobile networks in the current month & the number of mobile

subscribers is to double up to 2010 i.e to provide more than 100

million connections during this periodA number of milestones have been achieved We have been able to

reduce the operational & maintenance cost which has ultimately

resulted in reducing the tariff.

Previously we had to wait for years together to have a telephoneconnection & at some places it would take decades to get the

telephone connections

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Now we are providing the fixed telephone within a fortnight & the

mobile connection is provided almost on the same day

Telecom has a promising future in our country, because we have notto forget that in our country almost 90 % people are eager to have a

telephone connection preferably a mobile one . We have more than

one billion people, even if we are able to cover one fourth

population of our country we would require about 250 million

telephone connections.

The Govt ofIndia:s plan is to cover the entire country by Wi-Fi &

Wi-Max connectivity& when that becomes the reality we shall have

to provide mobile connectivity in these areas thus resulting in many

fold increase in mobile connections.

This whole job is to be done by our own people which will dilute

the un-employment problem& will improve the financial status of

the local people

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Even for years to come our country shall be able to sustain the rapid

growth of telecom networks because a lot more is to be done to have

the telephone connection or PCO in rural or remote rural part of our

country within the radius of half aK

ilometer or soIn order to improve the Telecom facilities in rural & urban INDIA

the Govt is stressing upon the operators & BSNL to implement

the third & fourth generation telecom standards which may be as

underInfrastructure operation / Tower companies which own,

maintain & operate cellular operators infrastructure, the

installations will be shared by others thus resulting in saving the

CAPEX & OPEX

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We will also have M V N Os

i.e Mobile Virtual Network Operators

MVN

Os do not possess a network or a license.

Some possess their own HLR/AUC & sell their own SIM cards

They have also their own code.They have their own roaming

agreements.

They use existing operators infrastructure & sell mobile services.

New entrants will be able to increase their marketing & commercial

coverage through MVNO:s

Mobile shall be able to have Pc DVD FAX & Car navigation

Facilities.

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Bit rates 10 times that of3G

Seamless service & compatibility with existing mobile communication

systems.

Bandwidth:- Wider than current or3GSystems 3to 10GHZ frequency

band

Speed Vehicular ; 2Mbps

Pedestrian/ Indoor20 Mbps

Next GENInternet Support Ipv6, QOS, Mobile IP

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Capacity. 5to 10 times higher than 3G

Freq of operation3

to10

G

HZ

Cost 1/10 ofIMT2000

It will also provide seamless service with fixed & private Networks

& also will have location identification functionsSo when we are providing the various services on very cheap rates we

Expect a good number of people to use the telecom services& to spread

this ideology it will not take it will not take a month or a year but a

decade or so.

There will definitely be multibillion dollar transaction involved in

this process & this process will also continue for a long time