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Software
1. Introduction2. Application programs3. System Program4. Programming system5. Compressing files. Archivers
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Software Applied software– program that the user uses to solve their problems
▫ text editors▫ graphic editors▫ database…
System Software –provides user interaction and application programs with the hardware
▫ Operating Systems ▫ Drivers ▫ Utilities
Programming system– means of creating new programs.
Programs users – users make these for their own needs.
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Software for working with text Text Editors – for editing text documents without clearance
Notebook – files *.txt
Word processors - for editing text documents
WordPad – files *.doc (text + images)
Word – files *.doc, *.docx (text + figures + tables +
AutoShape + Chart…)
OpenOffice Writer – files *.odt – free
openoffice.org
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Software for processing Images Image Editing
Bitmaps :
Paint – files *.bmp (also *.gif, *.jpg)
Adobe Photoshop – files *.psd www.adobe.com
Gimp – free www.gimp.org
Paint.NET – free www.getpaint.net
Vector graphics:
CorelDraw – files *.cdr www.corel.com
Adobe illustrator – files *.ai www.adobe.com
Inkscape – free www.inkscape.org
OpenOffice Draw – files *.odg – free
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applied software • Video editors (files *.avi, *.mpg, *.wmv)
Movie Maker (in the Windows)
Pinnacle Studio www.pinnaclesys.ru
Adobe Premier www.adobe.com
• Publishing Systems - for the production of printed materials (newspapers, books, booklets)
Microsoft Publisher
QuarkXPress www.quark.com
Adobe InDesign www.adobe.com
Scribus – free http://www.scribus.net/
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Office Software Spreadsheets - to perform calculations with tabulated data
Microsoft Excel – files *.xls, *.xlsx
OpenOffice Calc – files *.ods – free
Control Systems to Database
Microsoft Access – files *.mdb, *.accdb
OpenOffice Base – files *.odb – free
Creating presentations
Microsoft PowerPoint – files *.ppt, *.pptx
OpenOffice Impress – files *.odp – free
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Software for the Internet Browsers - to view the Web-pages on the screen
Internet Explorer – free
Mozilla Firefox – free www.mozilla.org
Opera – free www.opera.com
Safari – free www.apple.com
Chrome – free http://www.google.com/chrome/
Post programs - sending and receiving e-mail
Microsoft Outlook Express (in the Windows)
Microsoft Outlook
TheBat www.ritlabs.com
Mozilla Thunderbird – free
www.mozilla-russia.org
What are the programs?
• Open Source: You can download ▫run and use for any purpose ▫examine the program text▫distribute (either free or for a fee)▫code changes (the development and improvement)
• Freeware: You can use free of charge, the source code is not; there are restrictions on:
▫commercial use▫code change▫Data Extraction
Linux Gimp
Avast
Firefox
Opera 12
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What are the programs?• Shareware: free software with restrictions :
disabled certain functions limited duration (30 days) limited number of launches annoying messages Forced Advertising
Paid registration removes restrictions.• Commercial software:
▫ fee for each copy
▫Free technical support(!)▫prohibition on changing the code and data extraction▫rapid changes (service packs, new versions)
Nero BurningRom
TheBat
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Operating Systems
Operating System – a set of programs that provide user and application programs easy to use interface (the way information exchange) with computer hardware.
Function Operating System (that it provides):• exchange data with external devices• work file system (files, folders)• start and run other programs• testing of computer processing errors• allocation of resources (processor, memory, peripherals)
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The operating system OS loader – is a small program, which is located in sector 1 boot disk, its
task - to load into memory the bulk (core) OS
memory allocation system
BIOS = Basic Input and Output System, on-chip flash memory on the motherboard
▫ testing at startup ▫ reading and writing to disk▫ communication with the keyboard, monitor, printer▫ calendar and clock▫ settings on this computer
command processor(command.com, cmd.exe) ▫ executes commands typed ▫ provides load and run other programs
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The operating system (II) utility - is a utility software to test and configure your computer:
▫ breakdown Disk(fdisk.exe)▫ disk formatting(format.com)▫ test drive(chkdsk.exe)▫ Editing the registry(regedit.exe)▫ Test your connection(ping.exe)
driver - is a program that resides in memory and provides data exchange with
an external device(files *.sys in Windows)▫ video card driver, sound card, network card, printer, scanner, …
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Types of OS Single-tasking - in every moment holds only one task (program), it receives all
the resources of the computer.
Examples: MS DOS, FreeDOS, DR DOS, PC DOS
Multitasking - can simultaneously perform multiple tasks, the OS allocates
processor time slice between tasks. Windows 95/98/Me Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7 UNIX Linux QNX
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Types of OS
Single user - at each moment with a computer running a single user, it receives all the resources of the computer.
Multi-user - with a powerful computer at the same time multiple users.Terminal = monitor + keyboard
терминал
терминалтерминал
терминал
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Programming system
Systems programming (or tools) - is a software designed for developing and debugging new programs.
Issue:• Computers understand only the language code (a sequence of ones and zeros)• for a man more comfortable giving the job to a natural language (English,
Russian)
Compromise: • Programs are compiled in a programming language and then translated into
codes, with special programs
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Programming Languages In total over 600, widely used around 20.
Machine-oriented languages:
• Native: 09 FE AC 3F• Assemblers: a symbolic expression of machine instructions: mov AX, BX• makrosassemblery: one team replaces several machine language instructions
High-level languages (algorithmic):
• for learning: BASIC (1965), Pascal (1970), Logo, Rapier• Professional: C (1972), Pascal (Delphi), Fortran (1957), Visual Basic• for the problems of artificial intelligence: LISP, Prolog• for parallel computing: Ada• for programming on the Internet: JavaScript, Java, PHP, Perl, ASP, …
Translators
Translator - a program that translates text to other programs in machine code.
program qq;var x: integer;begin x := 1; writeln('Привет! X = ', x);end;
program qq;var x: integer;begin x := 1; writeln('Привет! X = ', x);end;
Translators
101011010
program in machine codeprogram in Pascal
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Linker
Linker – is a program that combines one of the programs and library functions into a single executable file.
qq.cpp
qq2.cpp
translator
Source Files object files
qq.exe
executable
linker
qq.obj
qq2.obj
Library functions
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Integrated development environment
Интегрированная среда разработки (англ. IDE = Integrated Development Environment) : редактор текста
программ транслятор компоновщик отладчик профайлер
Примеры: Turbo PascalBorland C++Microsoft Visual C++
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Among the rapidly developing
.RAD = Rapid Application Development) • interface is built using the mouse• part of the code is automatically created
Examples: Delphi, Borland C++ Builder, Visual Studio…
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Archives and compressed filesBackup - create backup copies (on CD, DVD). Objectives:• save data in case of failure on the disk• together a group of files into one archive• encrypt data with a password
Compressing files - is to reduce their size. Objectives:• reduce the space occupied by files on disk• reduce the amount of data for transmission over the Internet
Compression types:• lossless: A compressed file can be restored to its original form,
knowing the compression algorithm 1.texts 2.program 3.data• losses: compression of the information is lost 1.pictures (*. jpg) 2.audio (*. mp3) 3.Video(*.mpg)
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Archivers WinRAR
Running: Start– WinRAR
compress selected file
compress selected file
unzip unzip
change password change password change drive change drive
Double-click LMB: enter the archive
Double-click LMB: enter the archive
exit the folder exit the folder
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Archivers WinRAR: packing
ЛКМЛКМ
file type file
type
SFXSFX
multivolume archives
multivolume archives
PasswordPasswordarchiv
e name
archive
name