327
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i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
x
xi
xii
xiii
xiv
xv
xvi
xvii
xviii
xix
xx
xxi
xxii
•
•
•
•
•
Livelihood assets
Livelihood outcomes
Livelihood strategies/activities
Investment
Financial capital
Physical capital
Social capital Food security
Empowerment, social inclusion
Forest
Crop
Livestock
Off-farm
Fish & environmental
Bamboo
Household income Poverty status
Quality & sustainability of natural resources
Well-being
Vulnerability context Institutions
- Laws, markets, social relations, customs
Processes
- Decentralization, Participation, market liberalization
Vulnerability
- Shocks - Trends - Seasonality
Policies
- Macroeconomic - Sectoral
Natural capital
Human capital
pine3%
soft-wood33%
hard wood12%
oak20%
economic trees16%
bamboo5%
scrub land6%
China fir4%
eucalyptus1%
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• • •
• •
• •
• • • • •
®
•
•
•
•
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 thisstudy(2007)
Year
Net a
nnua
l inc
ome
(CNY
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
crop (99%) forest (99%) business (23%)
livestock (97%)
wage (41%) other (67%) fish & env.(14%)
Income sources
% c
ontri
butio
n
subsistencecash
Income quintiles
Low income Middle income High income
Con
trib
utio
n to
tota
l for
est-r
elat
ed in
com
e (%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Bamboo shoots Tea oil Firewood Tung oil PFS Other
Village 5. Bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 6. Non-bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 7. Bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 8. Bamboo village
Income source
Bamb
oo
Othe
r fores
t Cr
op
Lives
tock
Off-fa
rm
Fish &
envir
o.
Abs
olut
e in
com
e (C
NY)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Cash incomeSubsistence income
Village 1. Bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 2. Bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 3. Non-bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 4. Bamboo village
Income source
Bamb
oo
Othe
r fores
t Cr
op
Lives
tock
Off-fa
rm
Fish &
envir
o.
Abs
olut
e in
com
e (C
NY)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Cash incomeSubsistence income
Pie Graph 3
Village 9. Non-bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 10. Non-bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 11. Non-bamboo village
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Village 12. Non-bamboo village
Income source
Bamb
oo
Othe
r fores
t Cr
op
Lives
tock
Off-fa
rm
Fish &
envir
o.
Abs
olut
e in
com
e (C
NY)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Cash incomeSubsistence income
A.
B.
Income source
Bamb
oo
Othe
r fores
t Cr
op
Lives
tock
Off-fa
rm in
come
Fish &
envir
o
Abso
lute
inco
me
(CN
Y)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Cash incomeSubsistence income
0
500
1000
1500
2000 Migrant villages
Local villages
Livelihood assets
Livelihood outcomes
Livelihood strategies/activities
Investment
Natural capital - Natural & planted forest (bamboo & other NTFP’s) - Forest & crop land
Financial capital - Income, stocks
Physical capital
Human capital - Management practices
Social capital Food security Empowerment, social inclusion
Forest
Crop
Livestock
Off-farm
Fish & environmental
Bamboo
Household income &
Poverty status
Quality & sustainability of natural resources
RQ 2. Chapter 5
RQ 3. Chapter 6
RQ 1. Chapter 4
Productivity
Well-being
Policies
- Macroeconomic - Sectoral
Vulnerability context - Shocks - Trends - Seasonality
Institutions
- Laws, markets, social relations, customs
Processes
- Decentralization, Participation, market liberalization
Vulnerability
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The end
