World History Enlightenment and American Revolution

Sections 1 and 2 Guided Reading Review

1. What was the Enlightenment?

a time of optimism and possibility from the late 1600s to the late 1700s; also called the Age of Reason.

2. List two social/political/economic issues that philosophers were writing about during this time period.

Human nature Slavery Free speech Natural rights/ laws Government Religion Standard of life

3. Matching ________ Believed that people were naturally cruel. Wrote Leviathan

___________ Published Spirit of the Laws. Believed in separation of powerss

___________ Wrote Two Treaties of Government. More optimistic view on humanity.

___________ Felt that society placed too many limits on the people’s behavior. Wrote The Social Contract.

___________ Used wit as a weapon to expose the abuses of his day. One of the most influential Enlightenment philosophers.

A. Voltaire

B. Montesquieu

C. Hobbes

D. Locke

E. Rousseau

A

C

B

D

E

4. Why would an Enlightenment thinker feel more comfortable in a salon than in public?

Not Ridiculed Free to speak their minds without severe

consequences.

Surrounded by other intellectuals

5. Name 2 similarities between Montesquieu’s idea of government and the government of the United States of America.

Three Branches of Government Separation of Rights Checks and Balances

6. What’s an Enlightened Despot?

Absolute Ruler who used their power to bring about political and social change

Enlightened despots

the absolute monarchs in 18th century Europe who ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment.

Catherine the Great of Russia

Joseph II of Austria

Name 2 Enlightened Despots

Joseph II Catherine the Great Frederick the Great

8. Censorship A. What is censorship?

› Restricting access to ideas and information B. Do we still have censorship today?

Yes. Parental Advisory, ratings system, parental controls, banned books

9. What is the difference between baroque and rococo style?

Baroque- › huge, colorful, full of excitement› Grand or ornate

Baroque ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600s and 1700s.

Palace at Versailles

#9 Continued

Rococo-› Moved away from religion› Lighter, elegant and charming

Rococo

elegant style of art and architecture

made popular during the mid-1700s, featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, and flowers.

Matching

___________ Tolerated religious differences.

___________ Was interested

in Enlightenment ideas but intended to give up no power.

   ___________ Abolished

serfdom.

F. Catherine the Great

G. Frederick the Great

H. Joseph II

* Serfdom was the enforced labour of serfs on the fields of landowners, in return for protection and the right to work on their leased fields.

H

F

G