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Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes over time
An object is accelerating if:1. it is changing speed2. it is changing direction3. it is changing both speed and direction
Positive Acceleration – an increase in velocity (speeding up)
Negative Acceleration or Deceleration– a decrease in velocity (slowing down)
Centripetal Acceleration – The acceleration that occurs in a circular motion
Let’s Practice! Justin Timberlake is running at a velocity
of 4 ft/s South when a crazy fan starts chasing after him. Within 2 seconds he increases his speed to 8 ft/s to get away. What is his acceleration?
Average acceleration = time it takes to change velocityfinal velocity – starting velocity
A = Vf - Vi
t
A = 8 ft/s - 4 ft/s 2 s
A = 2 (ft/s)/s South or 2 ft/s2 South
1. Vf = 8 ft/s2. Vi = 4 ft/s3. t = 2 s
Average acceleration = final velocity – starting velocity time it takes to change velocity
This means that every second JT’s velocity
increases by 2 feet per second
More Practice: Calculate the bikers acceleration
Av. Acceleration = 5m/s – 1m/s = 4s
1m/s2 south
More Practice: Calculate the bikers acceleration
A plane passes over point A at a velocity of 240m/s north. Forty seconds later, it passes over point B a velocity of 260 m/s north. What is the plane’s average acceleration?
Recognizing Acceleration on a Graph
The roller-coaster moves up the hill until it stops. Then you are off! This graph shows your acceleration for the next 10 seconds. Explain:During the first 8 seconds you have (+) acceleration. Then you begin climbing the next hill so for the next 2 seconds you experience( -) acceleration
An object traveling in a circle is always changing its direction, therefore it is always changing its velocity, so it is accelerating
Examples: Windmill, Ferris Wheel, Roller Coaster Loops
1. In 0.5 seconds, a missile goes from 0 to 300 m/s. What is the acceleration?
2. A meteoroid changed velocity from 1.0 km/s to 1.8 km/s in 0.03 seconds. What is the acceleration?
3. A race car driver is moving at 200 km/min when he slams on his brakes. He comes to a complete stop in 3 mins. What is his acceleration (or deceleration)?
4. A space ship releases a satellite into orbit. The satellite falls to earth at a speed of 1700 m/s in 25 seconds. What is the acceleration?