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1.

2. 2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

3.

3.1.

3.2.

3.3.

4. -

4.1.

4.2. RC

4.3.

5. ,

6.

7.

8.

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1.

-

.

,

.

-

,

.

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1.

1.1.

, ,

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.

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75

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.

.

1.2.

,

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.

,

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1.

2.

3. .

.

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1.3.

-5, -4,

-1, -9 , 200 , 600 ,

,

.

,

,

.

,

25000 ,

6000 , , ,

,

, .

30-

,

,

. , ., .,

., ., .

.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZigongSaltwells.jpg

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1960-

, , ,

-

.

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.

1970 , , ,

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,

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,

.

1979

30 .

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-,

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,

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73 , 80

32

. -, ,

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2. 1.

, 2

.

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,

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.

(, )

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. :

1.

2.

3.- (-)

4.

5.

6.

, , , .

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.

1. :

-

-

-

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-

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3.2.

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5- 30-

12,7- 76,2 .

'casing' .

.

rotary drills .

10 .

1970

.

After drilling the well, 'tubing' (smaller diameter pipe, from 2.5 to 7 inch

diameter) is typically run into the well and packed off at the base, inside the casing.

The well produces up through the tubing. This arrangement provides a redundant

barrier to leaks of hydrocarbons as well as allowing damaged sections to be

replaced.

:

- production wells -

,

- appraisal wells-

- exploration wells-

.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary_drill&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary_drill&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary_drill&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary_drill&action=edit

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5

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Conventional Drilling

.

Horizontal Drilling

.

, , .

Slant Drilling

( 30- 45).

.

:

.

.

Directional Drilling

,

, .

.

Conventional

SlantHorizontal

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3.3.

3

. :

1.

2.

3.

1.

.

, ( )

,

.

. 219 - 159 -

.

- POWER 6000

.

219 - 300

.

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2.

.

426 - 377 - 219

- 5-10 - .

,

.

,

.

.

-22

219-600

120 .

3.

.

.

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4. -

,

- (wire line)

( -diamond core drilling),

- ( -RC-reverce circulation ),

(-cable tool

drilling) .

1912 ..

1950-

- , - -

, . -

.

,

, ,

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, -

,

,

, .

-

. 1980-

1996 - - - -

-

,

, , ,

. - -

2200 ,

1500 , 5-6

.

- 80-90%

.

(wire line)-

(drill rod)

(obershot)- , (4-6)

, (winch)

.

.

, ,

.

. 300 -

450- 100-

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3000 .

, .

.

, .

.

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. .

.

.

.

-

200-300

,

.

.

, .

() .

.

.

. ..

12-18 .

.

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.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

,

.

.

.

-

.

.

- -

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-

, , -RC-reverce circulation

. -

, ,

.

,

.

()

2 ,

,

, .

,

-

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. . ,

.

.

,

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.

.

1/4-1/3-

,

, .

1/4-1/3-

.

, ,

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.

,

.

-

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, ,

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, 1-

.

89-

273- , 400

. .

.

,

.

.

.

.

.

.

, (-barrel)

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,

.

() 2

()

.

.

()

. 1 50

0.15-0.30 - .

,

.

.

,

,

. ,

, .

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,

.

. .

.

.

.

(f

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.

.

.

. ( 3.1.).

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

f=6-14 .

,

1. (Surface Wireline Core)

2. (Underground

Wireline Core Drilling)

3. , (Reverse Circulation)

4. (Deviation or/and navigation Drilling)

5. (Directional Drilling)

6. (Mud rotary drilling)

7. (RAB drilling)

8. (Auger drilling)

9. (conventional core drilling)

10. (Multipurpose Drilling hole) ,

.

()

1950 -

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(wireline core system) , - (c

)

, .

. , ,

,

.

(core tube) (wireline)

(overshot) .

- 1980-

.

.

. .

,

,

,

.

500 800

. 1997

(1000) (17)

.

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1981

1986

(wedging tool and navi motor) (bottom

hole camera and gyro)

.

, ,

. 9

1700 33 .

,

,

.

(RC) (PCD drilling)

, .

.

400 , PQ

, .

, 4, 5

(W wall rod) 6-12 (cllr),

12-17 (cross over sub or stabilizer) 12-17

(PCD bit) (roller bit)

60

.

-50 .

1000

.

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1.

rock chips-

core samples-

percussion-

Cable tool drilling-

Conventional- ,

Vertical- ,

Slant-

Horizontal-

Reverse circulation (RC) drilling-

Auger drilling-

Centrifugal-

Penetration-,

Spin-

Bailer- ,

Collar-

Bit-

Drilling rig-

Stabilizer-

Pipe-,

Reel-,

Hydraulic-

Derrick-

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,

.

,

.

, know-how

,

.

.

, ,

,

.

,

, , ,

( - )

!

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www.Google.com

www.Wikipedia.com

www.mda.mn

. - ,2011 75

. ,

.

-

http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.mda.mn/http://www.mda.mn/http://www.mda.mn/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/

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