2008rsma.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/RSMASTD2010.pdf · An acceptable method for the design...

2008

RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs 2008; Amendment No. 1

RSMA COMPLIANCE STANDARD

FOR TRAFFIC SIGNS

2008

DETAILS OF DOCUMENT AMENDMENT No.1 (16/03/2010)

Section amended Description of amendment

4.3.7 A (iii) Reference to CHS posts added

4.3.7 Note 2 Reference to Post Selection Charts added with required finishing for steel posts.

Charts B3 & B7 Post sizes amended to readily available sizes

© Copyright Road Safety Manufacturers’ Association 2008.

All rights reserved.

Parts may be copied with permission.


ALL IMPORTANT NOTE FOR THE READER

This document (2008 Copyright) supersedes all previous publications and is available electronically

on the RSMA website (www.rsma.org.nz).

While this document is believed to be correct at the time of publication, The Road Safety

Manufacturers’ Association (RSMA) and their employees or agents involved in its preparation and

publication cannot accept any liability for its contents or for any consequences arising from its use.

Users of the document and its contents should apply and rely on their own skill and judgement along

with other sources of information and advice.

The Standard will be updated periodically to incorporate advances in technology and changes within

the industry and so the RSMA website may be checked to ensure copies of the Standard are current.

http://www.rsma.org.nz/



ROAD SAFETY MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION

MISSION STATEMENT

The Road Safety Manufacturers Assn (RSMA) is a non-profit, non-political service organisation

promoting excellence and best practice regarding road safety on the roading infrastructure in New

Zealand by setting and raising industry standards.

GOAL

Our goal is to foster the implementation of road safety initiatives of the Minister of Transport, Transit

New Zealand, Land Transport New Zealand, the Police and other road safety organisations and to

provide the appropriate professional support.

RSMA MEMBERS

A list of current RSMA members is published on the RSMA website (http://www.rsma.org.nz/). Road

controlling authorities and contractors relying on the members' authenticity and credibility should refer

to the list on the website for proof of membership.

http://www.rsma.org.nz/


CONTENTS

MISSION STATEMENT

GOAL

RSMA MEMBERS

1 SCOPE.......................................................................................................................................1

2 RELATED DOCUMENTS .......................................................................................................2

3 DEFINITIONS ..........................................................................................................................3

4 DESIGN .....................................................................................................................................4

4.1 Signface ..............................................................................................................................4

4.2 Wind Resistance ..................................................................................................................4

4.3 Sign Supports ......................................................................................................................5

5 MANUFACTURING ................................................................................................................9

5.1 Materials for Sign Substrates ...............................................................................................9

5.2 Materials for Posts ...............................................................................................................9

5.3 UV Stabilised Plastics........................................................................................................ 10

5.4 Sign Blanks ....................................................................................................................... 10

5.5 Stiffening .......................................................................................................................... 11

5.6 Preparation and Painting .................................................................................................... 12

5.7 Application of Retroreflective Sheeting ............................................................................. 12

5.8 Imaging ............................................................................................................................. 12

5.9 Post Caps........................................................................................................................... 12

5.10 Brackets and Fittings ......................................................................................................... 12

5.11 Fabrication ........................................................................................................................ 13

5.12 Tolerances ......................................................................................................................... 13

5.13 Identification Marking ....................................................................................................... 14

5.14 Street Name Signs ............................................................................................................. 14

6 INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................... 15

6.1 Packing and Handling ........................................................................................................ 15

6.2 Positioning ........................................................................................................................ 15

6.3 Foundations and Location .................................................................................................. 16

6.4 Assembly .......................................................................................................................... 16

7 MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................................... 17

7.1 Cleaning ............................................................................................................................ 17

7.2 Repairs .............................................................................................................................. 17


8 COMPLIANCE ............................................................................................................... 18

8.1 Alternative Means of Compliance ...................................................................................... 18

8.2 Right of Review ................................................................................................................ 18

APPENDICES:

Appendix A : Stiffening of Non-Directional Permanent Warning and Regulatory Signage

Appendix B : Post Selection Charts for Small Signs

Appendix C : Foundation Selection Tables for Small Signs

Appendix D : Worked Sample Using Post & Foundation Selection Charts in Appendices B & C

RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs 2008; Amendment No. 1 Page 1

1 SCOPE

This standard was compiled by the Road Safety Manufacturers’ Association (RSMA) as a

means of compliance document for the Transit New Zealand Performance Based Specification

for Traffic Signs (TNZ P/24).

The Transit TNZ P/24 Specification is performance based and so does not prescribe features

that signs must have to comply, but rather the performance levels that signs must meet. This

Standard prescribes materials and designs that are deemed to comply with the Transit New

Zealand Performance Based Specification for Traffic Signs, TNZ P/24, and provides a

standard for the manufacture and installation of street name signs. The Standard does not give

complete coverage of all possible materials, designs and components, but describes current

industry practice and existing sign systems that have proved to have satisfactory performance.

Notwithstanding the contents of this document, all signs and installations shall comply with

current legal requirements.


2 RELATED DOCUMENTS

AASHTO LTS-4-M Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway

Signs, Luminaries and Traffic Signals, 4th Edition

AS 1163:1991 Structural steel hollow sections

AS/NZS 1170 Structural design actions – Parts 0 to 3, 5

AS/NZS 1554.1:2004 Part 1 Structural steel welding - Part 1: Welding of steel

structures

AS/NZS 1734:1997 Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Flat sheets, coiled sheet

and plate

AS/NZS 1866:1997 Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod, bar, solid

and hollow shapes

AS/NZS1906.1:2007 Retro reflective materials and devices for road traffic control

purposes - Retro reflective sheeting

NZS 3460:2003 Chemical preservation of round and sawn timber

AS/NZS 3678:1996 Structural steel – Hot-rolled plates, floor plates and slabs

AS/NZS 3679.1:1996 Structural steel – Hot-rolled bars and sections

NZS 4711:1984 Qualification Tests for Metal Arc Welders

AS/NZS 4680:2006 Hot-dip galvanised (zinc) coatings on fabricated ferrous

articles

AS/NZS 4792:2006 Hot-dip galvanised (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow

sections, applied by a continuous or specialized process

BS8442:2006 Miscellaneous road traffic signs and devices. Requirements

and test methods

Manual of Traffic Signs

and Markings (MOTSAM) Transit New Zealand/Land Transport New Zealand

Traffic Control Devices Land Transport New Zealand

Manual

TNZ P/24 Performance Based Specification for Traffic Signs, Transit

New Zealand

SHGDM State Highway Geometric Design Manual

NCHRP 350 The National Cooperative Highway Research Project


3 DEFINITIONS

Breakaway Support All Types of sign supports that are designed to safely yield,

fracture or separate (at or near ground level) when impacted

by a vehicle, thereby minimising injury to the occupants of

the vehicle and damage to the vehicle.

Clear Zone The clear zone is the desirable unobstructed roadside area

available for errant vehicles to recover or come to rest safely.

Intended Life The “intended life” is the period of time a sign shall meet the

performance requirements specified, and includes the effects

of normal environmental degradation expected at the site, but

excludes accidental or wilful damage and the effects of

extreme weather events beyond accepted criteria.

Hinge The weakened section of a sign support designed to allow the

post to rotate when impacted by a vehicle.

Large Traffic Sign Roadside sign with sign area greater than 4.7m2

MOTSAM Manual of Traffic Signs and Markings, Part 1: Traffic Signs,

Transit New Zealand / Land Transport

AS/NZS 1170 Structural design actions

Posts A post shall consist of a tube or hollow or solid section to

which the traffic sign is attached.

Signs In these notes the word “sign” shall be interpreted as

including all the components that make up a sign, including

the foundation, support posts, sign panel, brackets, fittings

and fastenings.

Small Traffic Sign Roadside sign with sign area less than or equal to 4.7m2

Specification In this standard the word “Specification” shall be interpreted

as referring to the Transit New Zealand Performance Based

Specification for Traffic Signs (TNZ P/24).

Standard The word “Standard” shall be interpreted as a reference to

this RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs.


4 DESIGN

4.1 Signface

The signface design, including dimensions, lettering, legends, colour and retroflectivity, shall

comply with MOTSAM and the LTNZ Traffic Control Devices Manual.

4.2 Wind Resistance

The design of the support system shall comply with wind load criteria and other structural

requirements in the Specification.

4.2.1 Wind Resistance Design - Posts

Multiple mount signposts are required where the sign area or width is too large for the

resistance of the environmental loads with a single post. Multiple posts are normally required

for any sign greater than 1.3m wide.

Where two-post mounting is required, it is good practice in minimising wind deflection to

place the posts equidistant from each end by one-sixth (1/6) or one- fifth (1/5) of the overall

sign width.

Multiple post mounting shall be restricted to the minimum number of posts required to install

the sign compliant with the specification and standard.

Timber, steel and aluminium posts dimensions are provided as a guide for common sign

configurations, in Appendix B. Charts 1 to 8 are included in Appendix B for the selection of

typical post sizes for signs with panel area less than or equal to 4.7m2 located at the roadside.

The charts for the regional wind speed of 45m/s apply to Wellington and the Marlborough

Sounds (Region W). The charts for a regional wind speed of 39m/s apply to all other regions

(Regions A6 & A7). Wind Regions of New Zealand are identified in Figure 3.1 of

AS/NZS1170.2 Wind Actions. Design to AS/NZS1170 is required for signs at elevations

greater than 500m above sea level, in steep terrain, or signs with dimensions not covered by

these charts (see chart notes).

The charts show typical solutions for a range of materials and cross-section shapes but are not

intended to restrict the designer if other materials and cross-section shapes are available

provided the design is based on AS/NZS1170 and the factors adopted in the Specification.

4.2.2 Foundation Design

An acceptable method for the design of foundations for posts embedded in the ground, or in

bored concrete footings is the Broms method (as presented by H. Poulos and E. Davis, 1980).

Tables 1 to 8 are included in Appendix C for the selection of appropriate embedment depths

for cast in-situ concrete cylindrical footings in a range of soils based on the Broms method.

Table 8 is included for the selection of shallow pad footings in areas where underground

services are an issue. The tables are based on a soil strength reduction factor of 0.6.

Specific foundation design is required for foundations in soils outside the indicative

parameters given in the tables and for large signs with a panel area greater than 4.7m2 or all

signs over a carriageway.

Where not specifically designed, the minimum support post planting depth shall be one fifth of

the mounting height, but not less than 1 metre depth.


4.3 Sign Supports

The following detail refers to Guide, Motorist Service, Tourist and Road Safety Campaign

Signs.

These Traffic Signs are divided into three main categories: overhead signs, small roadside

signs with a sign area less than or equal to 4.7m2 and large roadside signs with a sign area

exceeding 4.7m2. The hardware and corresponding safety treatment of sign supports varies

with the sign category.

4.3.1 Design Life of Sign Supports

The intended design life of sign support structures shall be:

Overhead Signs, VMS signs 50 years

Large Roadside Signs (greater than 4.7m2) 25 years

Small Roadside Signs (less than or equal to 4.7m2) 10 years

4.3.2 Overhead Signs

Where possible, overhead signs shall be installed on nearby overpasses or other existing

structures. Overhead signs, including cantilevered signs, generally require significant support

systems that cannot be made breakaway. All overhead sign supports located within the clear

zone shall be specifically designed to AS/NZS1170 and be shielded behind a compliant safety

barrier system.

4.3.3 Small Traffic Signs

Defined as those signs having a sign panel area less than or equal to 4.7m2 supported on one

or two posts and installed less than 500m above sea level. Signs installed 500m above sea

level require specific design and are treated under 4.3.4 below. Each post shall have a mass

less than 25kg/m

(a) Single Post Installation.

Subject to the requirements of 5.5.1(Aluminium Channel Stiffening Sections) and Appendix B

(Post selection Charts for Small Signs), generally signs under 1.3m wide shall be installed on a

single breakaway support. Refer to Sign Support Selection Chart 4.3.6 for details of sign

mounting height, compliant Breakaway Supports and foundation details.

(b) Multi Post Installation.

Subject to the requirements of 5.5.1(Aluminium Channel Stiffening Sections) and Appendix B

(Post Selection Charts for Small Signs), signs over 1.3m wide and with a sign panel area less

than or equal to 4.7m2 shall be installed on a two breakaway supports spaced no further than

2.1m apart. Refer to Sign Support Selection Chart 4.3.6 for details of sign mounting height,

compliant Breakaway Supports and foundation details.

4.3.4 Large Traffic Signs

Defined as those signs supported on two or more posts that:-

(i) have a sign panel area exceeding 4.7m2 and/or

(ii) are installed 500m above sea level and/or


(iii) are installed on posts greater than 2.1m apart.

Specific Design is required for breakaway supports refer 4.3.7 Schedule B

4.3.5 Impact Performance in Urban Areas

The road controlling authority may decide that in specific situations the risk of injury to

pedestrians from breakaway sign posts exceeds that of the vehicle occupants, in the event of a

crash, and so specify that Section 9 of the Specification does not apply. Examples of sites

where breakaway supports may be imprudent are adjacent to bus shelters or in areas of

pedestrian concentrations.

4.3.6 Sign Support Selection Chart

SIGN TYPE

MOUNTING

HEIGHT*

No. OF

SIGN

SUPPORTS

COMPLIANT

SIGN

SUPPORTS

POST

SELECTION

FOUNDATION

DESIGN

Regulatory

Permanent Warning

Rural - not < 1.5m

Urban - not < 2.0m

Over footpath – not

< 2.5m

1

Refer 4.3.7

Schedule A

Appendix B Appendix C

SMALL SIGNS – less than 1.3m wide

Guide

Motorist Service Tourist

Road Safety

Campaign

Rural - not < 1.5m

Urban - not < 2.0m Over footpath - not

< 2.5m

(exception is low

mounted Traffic

Island IDS signs)

1

Refer 4.3.7

Schedule A

Appendix B

Appendix C

SMALL SIGNS - ≤ 4.7m2 & sign supports < 2100mm apart. Installed

< 500m above sea level

Guide

Motorist Service

Tourist

Road Safety

Campaign

Not < 2.1m

Over footpath - Not

< 2.5m

(exception is low

mounted Traffic

Island IDS signs)

2

Refer 4.3.7

Schedule A or

Schedule B

Appendix B Appendix C

LARGE SIGNS - >4.7m2 &/or sign supports > 2100mm apart &/or

installed over 500m above sea level.

Guide

Motorist Service

Tourist

Road Safety

Campaign

Not < 2.1m

Over footpath - not

< 2.5m

2 +

Refer 4.3.7

Schedule B

Supplied with

Schedule B

approved

products

or part of

specific design

to NZS1170

Foundations

require specific

design.

* Mounting Height is measured from underside of sign to surface of adjacent road, trafficable shoulder or top of

kerb.


4.3.7 Sign Supports Deemed to Comply with Impact Requirements

Schedule A

Signs that are constructed within the limitations of this section are deemed to comply with

Clause 9.1 of the Specification for Small Traffic Signs:

(i) Timber posts1 (Radiata Pine No: 1 framing, H4 treatment) not exceeding size 100mm x

100mm direct embedment or 125mm diameter posts (Radiata Pine No. 1 framing, H4

treatment) without further treatment.

(ii) Timber posts1 (Radiata Pine No: 1 framing, H4 treatment) not exceeding 100mm x

150mm treated with 40mm diameter holes, 150mm x 150mm treated with 50mm

diameter holes and 100mm x 200mm and 150mm x 200mm treated with 75mm diameter

holes. Holes to be drilled perpendicular to traffic direction and located 100mm and

460mm above ground level.

(iii) Steel posts1, 2

CHS (circular hollow section) not exceeding 76mm outer diameter and wall

thickness 3.2mm, Grade 350, or RHS (rectangular hollow section) 75mm x 50mm outer

dimension x 3.0 mm wall thickness, Grade 350.

(iv) Aluminium posts1 manufactured in grade 6261-T5 (255MPa yield strength) not exceeding

1143 mm outer diameter with a maximum wall thickness of 4.7mm.

(v) Sign supports listed as an approved system under the FHWA Roadside Hardware

Acceptable Breakaway Sign Supports listing. (Refer to the FHWA Web Page).

Schedule B

Signs that are constructed within the limitations of this section are deemed to comply with

Clause 9.1 of the Specification for Small and Large Traffic Signs and shall be achieved by:

(i) specific design to NZS1170 or

(ii) utilising breakaway supports that conform to AASHTO 2001 “Standard Specifications for

Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals” and have been

crash tested and FWHA approved in accordance with the requirements of NCHRP350

Test Level 3 (Refer to FWHA Web Page) or

(iii) an approval using an alternative means of compliance, as described in Section 8.1.1.

The following limitations shall apply:-

(a) The sign support manufacturer shall provide a post selection formula based on Structural

Performance, Breakaway Dynamic Performance, Wind Loading design and Design Life.

1 The embedment type for timber posts and the maximum size specified for steel and aluminium posts is based

on published FHWA test data.

2 This section relates to the maximum wall thickness/tensile strength that is deemed to comply with Impact

Requirements. In order to provide the end user with a sign post that meets these requirements and is readily

available, Post Section Charts are provided in Appendix B for steel CHS posts 60 and 76mm outer diameter,

wall thickness 2mm, Grade 350. Suppliers of posts outside these properties will have to provide separate

Post Selection Charts. All posts shall be galvanised and powder coated to meet the 10 year design life

requirements for small signs.

3 NCHRP accept a maximum of 102mm outer diameter. This Standard accepts a maximum of 114mm outer

diameter following a determination vide Section 8 of this Standard.


(b) An approved hinge device shall be fitted immediately below the sign panel. No

supplementary signs shall be attached below the hinges if such placement is likely to

interfere with the breakaway action of the support post or if the supplemental sign is

likely to penetrate the windshield of an impacting vehicle.

(c) Each post shall have a mass no greater than 65kg/m. The total mass below the hinge but

above the shear plane of the breakaway base device, shall not exceed 270kg.

(d) The minimum mounting height to the underside of the sign shall be 2.1m. (Note:

Although MOTSAM allows a minimum mounting height that in some circumstances is

less than 2.1m, such signs do not qualify as “deemed to comply” with the requirements of

the Specification).

(e) Breakaway base devices must not be located more than 100mm above the average ground

level within 1.5m of the sign post. Refer Section 6.3.

(f) Multi (Omni)-Directional breakaway devices should be used where impact from any

direction is possible. Inclined Slip Base Breakaway devices shall not be used.

(g) Sign Stiffening Channel spacing shall be calculated in accordance with the

manufacturers’ recommendations relating to post centres and overhang to comply with

deflection requirements of the Specification.


5 MANUFACTURING

5.1 Materials for Sign Substrates

Materials used for signs shall be in accordance with the following standards as well as comply

with current legislation.

(a) Aluminium: NZS/AS1734:1997 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys- Flat sheets,

coil sheet and plate.

(b) UV Stabilised Plastic: BS8442:2006 Miscellaneous road traffic signs and devices.

Requirements and test methods

(c) Retroreflective Sheeting: AS/NZS1906.1:2007 Retroreflective materials and devices for

road traffic control purposes - retroreflective sheeting. Preparation and application of

retroreflective sheeting shall be as per the sheeting suppliers warranty conditions.

(Note: The LTSA Gazette Notice in itself does not constitute compliance with AS/NZS

1906.1).

Materials and finishes shall be compatible so as to avoid failure or deterioration due to

electrolytic action or by differential thermal expansion. Alloys and finishes containing copper

shall not be used in contact with aluminium alloys.

5.2 Materials for Posts

Posts shall be manufactured from one of the following materials:

(a) Timber Posts: Timber posts shall conform to:

NZS 3631: 1998 New Zealand Timber Grading Rules, No.1 framing grade, H4 treatment,

dried to 20% to 24% moisture content.

NZS 3640:2003 Chemical Treatment of Round and Sawn Timber, Hazard Class H4

The timber finish may be gauged or dressed, and shall be primed and finished with high

gloss white paint above ground level.

(b) Steel Posts: Steel posts shall conform to:

AS 1163:1991 Structural steel hollow sections

AS/NZS 1554.1:2004 Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures

AS/NZS 3678:1996 Structural steel – Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and slabs

AS/NZS 3679.1:1996 Structural steel – Hot- rolled bars and sections

AS/NZS 4680:2006 Hot-dip galvanised (zinc) coatings on fabricated ferrous articles

NZS 4711:1984 Qualification Tests for Metal Arc Welders

AS/NZS 4792:2006 Hot-dip galvanised (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections,

applied by a continuous or a specialized process


(c) Aluminium Posts: Aluminium posts shall conform to:

AS/NZS 1866:1997 Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod, bar, solid and

hollow shapes. To alloy 6261 T5 or equivalent.

5.3 UV Stabilised Plastics

(a) When tested under conditions of either:

(i) continuous natural exposure for 2 years, or

(ii) accelerated weathering for 1200 hours, using the procedure described in BS

8442:2006, samples of the material shall show no sign of deterioration such as

cracking, scaling, pitting, blistering, delamination, distortion, staining or chalking.

(b) When subjected to the action of a saline mist as described in BS 8442:2006, there shall be

no sign of colour change.

(c) When subjected to the action of a saline mist as described in BS 8442:2006, Part 1, there

shall be no sign of deterioration, corrosion, or evidence of colour change.

(d) When subjected to the impact test specified in BS 8442:2006, the sample shall not be

deformed at any point by more than 2mm from the plane surface and any cracking or

other damage shall be confined within a circle of 5mm radius around the point of impact

of the steel ball.

5.4 Sign Blanks

5.4.1 Materials

The recommended substrate for all sign blanks shall:

(a) be constructed from aluminium sheet grade 5251-H34 as referred to in AS/NZS

1734:1997 or equivalent and be a minimum thickness of 2mm over 0.36m2 stiffened or

2.5mm up to 0.9m2 unstiffened;

(b) be stiffened in accordance with Section 5.5.

5.4.2 Joints

Shall be constructed such that the number of sheets be kept to a minimum and the separate

sheets be rectangular and approximately the same size and shape.

(i) Horizontal panel joints shall not occur through any internal border, or through any word

or numeral legend of character height 100mm or less other than the descenders of any

lower case legend.

(ii) Vertical joints shall be located so as not to have any legend directly over the joint.

(iii) Where there are two or more parallel joints in a blank, the centre panel or panels so

formed shall not be narrower than the outside panels.

Horizontal Joints

A length of channel stiffening section as specified in section 5.5 below, terminating 20 ± 5mm

short of the edge of the sign may be considered as part of the horizontal bracing when used to

cover the joint.


Vertical Joints

The backing for vertical joints shall be a cover strip of the same material as the blank, 60 ±

5mm wide, terminating 10 ± 5mm short of the edge of the sign and discontinued at each

horizontal stiffening section or cover strip with a gap not exceeding 5mm. A cover strip over

a vertical panel joint may be omitted if the calculated length of the cover strip would be less

than 100mm. The backing shall be attached to each blank sheet, either by a single row of

rivets evenly spaced across the sign at a spacing not exceeding 300mm with an edge distance

not exceeding 30mm from the end of the cover strip. A fixing system of equivalent strength

and durability may be used.

All cover strips shall be coloured on both sides with the same matt colour as the back of the

sign.

5.5 Stiffening

5.5.1 Aluminium Channel Stiffening Sections

All channel extrusions shall be extruded from alloy 6261-T5 or equivalent as referred to in

AS/NZS 1866:1997 Aluminium and aluminium alloys.

Where channel extrusions form an integral part of the sign blank, they must be firmly

attached. Attachment of channel extrusions to aluminium blanks should be by means of 3mm

carbon steel and mechanically zinc plated blind rivets fixed through the sign face. Where rivet

heads are exposed, the rivet heads shall be coloured to match the sign background. The

maximum distance between adjacent rivets shall be not more than 200mm with rivets spaced

equally across the sign face except at each end of the channel 2 rivets shall be spaced within

30mm of each other. Alternatively, fixing systems of equivalent strength and durability may

be used.

Where a sign is required to be finished with unexposed rivet heads, they shall be fitted flush

with the sign face. Channel extrusions are to be attached prior to the application of

retroreflective sheeting, using either 3mm carbon steel and mechanically zinc plated blind

rivets or counter sunk blind rivets of equivalent strength and durability. Alternatively, fixing

systems of equivalent strength and durability may be used.

Channel extrusions on signs under 6100mm in width must be continuous across the sign blank

without breaks or joints, with extrusions terminating not more than 50mm from the edge of the

sign. Channel extrusions on signs over 6100mm in width may be joined using an approved

channel coupling as per the manufacturer's specification. All channel-stiffening sections

adjacent to support posts must be secured by methods given in section 5.10 below.

Channel spacing in conjunction with post centres shall be calculated in accordance with

manufacturer's recommendations and conform to deflection requirements of the Specification.

Channel manufacturers shall make available engineering calculations and channel/post

spacing charts with calculations conforming to NZS 4203 if requested.

5.5.2 Stiffening of non-directional Permanent Warning and Regulatory Signage

Stiffening of all panels shall consist of no less than 2 channel extrusions fixed horizontally

across the back of the sign, as per the channel manufacturer's recommendations. Typical

drawings are provided in Appendix A. Stiffening is to terminate no less than 50mm from each

edge of the sign panel with rivets being spaced no more than 200mm equally across the sign


face. In addition, 2 rivets within 30mm of each other are required at channel ends.

Alternatively, fixing systems of equivalent strength and durability may be used.

5.6 Preparation and Painting

Paint or alternative powder coating used for traffic signs shall be of proven quality consistent

with the intended life of the sign.

(a) Aluminium sign blanks shall be prepared for painting in accordance with the paint

supplier’s specifications. Generally sign blanks shall be degreased and oil free etched

with self-etching primer or phosphating process.

(b) All sign blanks for reflectorised signs shall be prepared in accordance with the

retroreflective sheeting manufacturer’s specifications.

(c) Unless otherwise specified, all panel backs shall be coloured aircraft grey (colour

standard Pantone PMS 431) or similar and the finish to be semi-gloss to reduce the effects

of specular glare.

5.7 Application of Retroreflective Sheeting

Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied to properly prepared blanks by the squeeze roll

applicator process. Edges shall be knife trimmed from the face side and cut cleanly and level

to the sign panel without overhang. As far as possible retroreflective sheeting should cover

the sign panel in one piece. However, if this is not possible, joints should be vertical or

horizontal and should overlap by a minimum of 10mm. When horizontal joints overlap, the

overlap shall be from the top. Care must be taken in the application of retroreflective sheeting

as it should be applied in accordance with the sheeting manufacturer’s recommendations.

5.8 Imaging

All legends, symbols and borders may be applied by the silk screening process, either before

or after application of the sheeting to the flat base panels. To ensure complete compatibility

and durability, all process inks, clear coats etc used shall be supplied or recommended by the

sheeting manufacturer and applied in a manner as specified by the sheeting supplier.

As an alternative process, legends, symbols and borders may be fabricated by an overlay

process. Where reflective or non-reflective materials are used in this overlay process, those

materials used must be consistent with the intended life of the sign as contained in the

Specification.

5.9 Post Caps

Post caps shall be manufactured from steel, aluminium or plastic. Post caps shall be the same

colour as the posts. Post caps are not required for timber posts.

5.10 Brackets and Fittings

Fittings shall be manufactured from durable materials i.e. stainless steel type AISI 201 or 304,

cast or extruded aluminium, or steel galvanised to AS/NZS 4680:2006 after manufacture.

Fittings finished in zinc or electroplated are not to be used.

Brackets and fittings shall form an integral part of the stiffening structure where this is

provided on the sign blank. All channel extrusions passing a sign support must have the

correct sized and shaped bracket fitted.


Where no stiffening structure is provided the sign shall be bolted, riveted or attached with

special purpose fixing systems of equivalent strength and durability directly to the sign plate.

Hex head bolts shall not be used in stiffening channel.

Bracket manufacturers shall make available engineering calculations including torque settings

and failure loads if requested.

All brackets and fittings shall be installed to the bracket and stiffening channel manufacturers

instructions.

5.11 Fabrication

The height or width of the sign blank may be adjusted by a maximum of ±5.0% of the original

designed dimension to allow efficient use of raw materials. This adjustment may not be

applied to symbols, lettering or any other elements of the signface.

Sign plates and extrusions, including cutting, rounding of corners, and punching of holes shall

preferably be completed prior to degreasing, etching and the application of the retroreflective

sheeting or painting.

5.12 Tolerances

Unless otherwise specified on the drawings tolerances on blank dimensions shall be as

follows:

(a) Overall dimensions of blank (including any dimension adjusted as per section 5.11): ±

3mm or 0.5 percent of dimension, whichever is the greater.

(b) Holes:

Size, tolerance - 0, + 1mm.

Hole centre dimension (geometric position): mating hole centres, tolerance ± 1mm. Non-

mating hole centres, tolerance ± 3mm.

(c) Maximum allowable warp, twist or departure from flatness, except for any departures

prescribed by the drawing to increase stiffness: 3mm/metre.

(d) Blank squareness:

In the case of a single panel sign, no corner of the panel shall be more than 2mm from its

theoretical position relative to other corners.

In the case of multi-panel signs, adjacent panels shall be rectangular and fit together so that

any gap between panels is not less than 1.0mm and not more than 1.5mm wide along the edge

of the join.

(e) All permanent signs to have radius corners finished in accordance with sign layouts.

(f) All edges shall be smooth and true.


5.13 Identification Marking

All signs shall be permanently identified on the back of the sign with the manufacturer’s

name, month and year of manufacture. The label shall enable the manufacturer to trace the

retroreflective sheeting manufacturer's name, and class of sheeting.

Identification marking size shall be a maximum of 5000mm2 and shall be of the same

durability as the intended life of the sign.

5.14 Street Name Signs

5.14.1 Materials

Street Name signs shall be constructed using Materials and Stiffening as per 5.4.1 and 5.5. or

alternatively:

A purpose designed, one piece, " I " section aluminium extrusion manufactured from alloy

6106-T6 or equivalent as referred to in AS/NZS 1866:1997. The thickness of the web of the "

I " extrusion shall be no less than 2.5mm.

The depth of the " I " extrusion shall be the measurement of the flat surface available for the

application of the sign background surface. This measurement is referred to as the

"target/reflective depth".

The maximum length of cantilevered Street Name Signs shall be as per the bracket

manufacturers’ specifications.

5.14.2 Brackets and Fittings

Brackets and Fittings shall comply with requirements of 5.10.

There shall be a minimum of two (2) brackets per sign (one each top and bottom).


6 INSTALLATION

6.1 Packing and Handling

All signs shall be packed and handled in accordance with the retroreflective sheeting

manufacturer’s recommendations and in all cases signs shall arrive at their destination in new

condition.

At all stages prior to installation, signs shall be stored on edge and handled in a careful manner

to avoid damage, and the recommendation of the sheeting manufacturer shall be followed at

all times.

At no time during storage at the manufacturing plant, or during delivery, shall packs of signs

be allowed to become wet. To avoid damage resulting from moisture, signs should not be

stored in their packaging materials.

6.2 Positioning

Signs shall be positioned and mounted to comply with New Zealand legal requirements and

MOTSAM.

Where discretion is available within these requirements regarding the location, orientation and

mounting of a sign, the State Highway Geometric Design Manual shall be used, with due

regard to visibility, safety and maintenance peculiarities of the site.

Ground Installation

On tangent sections, position signs so that the vertical axis is plumb, and the horizontal axis is

at an angle of 95° with the traffic lane which the sign serves as referred to in Section 1.10 of

MOTSAM.

On horizontal curve sections, position the sign so that the vertical axis is plumb and the

horizontal axis is at an angle of 95° with a straight line between the sign and the point at which

the sign is to be read.

Support structures shall be permanently secured and free standing in the ground in accordance

with Section 8.4 of the Specification, without supplementary props or supports.

Overhead Signs

Where the road gradient approaching the sign is +2.0% or greater, position the sign so the

vertical axis is parallel to a plumb-line and the horizontal axis is at right angles to the road.

Where the road gradient approaching the sign is less than +2.0%, the sign should be positioned

so its horizontal axis is at a right angle to the road, and the vertical axis of the signface is

inclined to face upward at a rate of 3mm per 300mm of vertical sign surface for each one

percent the road gradient differs from +2.0%.

Cleaning considerations

Careful siting may reduce the fouling of a sign and consequent maintenance/cleaning costs.

Full advantage of the height range allowable in the Transit New Zealand/Land Transport

Safety Authority Manual of Traffic Signs and Marking should be taken to keep signs above

traffic spray.


6.3 Foundations and Location

Sign supports shall be carefully located to ensure that the breakaway devices perform properly

and to minimise the likelihood of impacts by errant vehicles e.g. sign supports should not be

placed in drainage ditches where erosion and freezing might affect proper operation of the

breakaway mechanism.

Supports placed on roadside slopes shall not allow impacting vehicles to snag on either the

foundation or any substantial remains of the support. Surrounding terrain shall be graded to

permit vehicles to pass over any non-breakaway portion of the installation that remains in the

ground or rigidly attached to the foundation.

Figure 1 illustrates the method used to measure the required 100mm maximum stub height.

Breakaway support mechanisms are designed to function properly when loaded primarily in

shear. Mechanisms are designed to be impacted at bumper height, typically 500mm above the

ground. If impacted at a significantly higher point, the bending moment in the breakaway base

may be sufficient to bind the mechanism resulting in non-activation of the breakaway device.

Therefore it is critical that breakaway supports not be located in ditches, on steep slopes or in

similar situations where a vehicle is likely to be partially airborne at the time of impact.

Figure 1: Breakaway Support Maximum Stub Height

6.4 Assembly

All brackets and fittings applicable to a modular system used shall be supplied and installed in

accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure tightness throughout the life of

the sign.


7 MAINTENANCE

7.1 Cleaning

The surface of the sign face material shall be capable of having road dirt and grime readily

removed from it. Signs shall be cleaned in a manner and frequency that maintains visibility of

the sign at all times.

Cleaning Recommendations

Frequent cleaning will maintain sign faces in better condition than infrequent attempts to

remove substantial accumulations of dirt. In industrial areas and on roads with high traffic

volume where the dirt may be greasy and more adherent, frequent cleaning is essential.

Signs should be flushed with clean water to remove loose dirt particles, and then washed with

a soft brush or sponge using a non-abrasive dilute neutral cleaner. Signs should be washed

from the top down and rinsed thoroughly with clean water to remove all traces of the cleaner.

Tar, oil, crayon, lipstick, diesel smut and bituminous material can be removed with mild

solvents, in accordance with the sign manufacturer's recommendations. Avoid screen-

processed areas. After solvent wipe, wash with neutral detergent and water, and then rinse

with clean water.

Strong solvents and alkaline preparations should not be used for cleaning signs. Apart from

the possible effects of such materials on the hands of the workmen involved, residue left to dry

and concentrate on reflective sheeting and painted surfaces can be very damaging.

Transparent protective overlay films, which are designed to facilitate the cleaning, and

maintenance of signfaces may be used in accordance with the sheeting manufacturer's

recommendations.

7.2 Repairs

Covering Signs Temporarily

If it is necessary to cover the sign face temporarily following erection, use caution since some

coverings may cause permanent damage to the sign face following exposure to moisture,

sunlight etc. Porous cloth covers, which are folded over the sign edges and secured at the

back of the sign, are recommended. Do not use tape, paper, plastic or sheet metal covers.


8 COMPLIANCE

Signs that are manufactured, installed and maintained in accordance with the clauses

contained in this Standard are deemed to comply with TNZ P/24.

8.1 Alternative Means of Compliance

Compliance of signs or sign components with this Standard, and therefore with the

Specification may be established by an independent professional opinion supported by test

evidence and/or a reasoned argument based on similarity to an approved product. Matters to

be covered by the opinion should include the materials of construction, sign face material,

structural and impact performance, design life and wind loading.

8.2 Right of Review

Transit New Zealand reserves the right to seek alternative opinions or test evidence on the

compliance of any element of a sign. Where this information, or resulting conclusions, are in

conflict with the submitted compliance documentation, the sign will not comply with the

Specification or this Standard until the supplier has satisfied Transit New Zealand of the

fitness for purpose of the sign.

RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs 2008; Amendment No. 1 Page A1

APPENDIX A

STIFFENING OF NON-DIRECTIONAL PERMANENT WARNING AND

REGULATORY SIGNAGE

Notes Relating to Use of Drawings

This Appendix relates to Section 5.5.2, Stiffening of non-directional Permanent Warning and

Regulatory Signage. The drawings provide guidance as to how to apply stiffening extrusions on four

common sign shapes.

Note: Small Channel = stiffening extrusion is 18.2 mm wide

Medium Channel = stiffening extrusion is 24.5 mm wide


555

555

283

283

438

438301

301

173

149

413

413

220

220

173

149

233

425

425

218

300

300

218

347

229

552

249

63

59

249

A) RG5

STOP

SIGN

1015mm (Medium Channel) 845mm (Small Channel)

B) RG6

GIVEWAY

SIGN

1200mm (Medium Channel) 900mm (Small Channel)

C) PERMANENT

WARNING

DIAMONDS

1200 x 1200mm (Medium Channel) 900 x 900mm (Small Channel)

D) CIRCLES

1200mm dia. (Medium Channel) 900mm dia. (Small Channel)


542

262392

179

249

179

532

249

202

16999

139

16999

139

427

154

487

59

124

124

675mm (Small Channel)

750mm (Small Channel)

750 x 750mm 600 x 600mm

(Small Channel) (Small Channel)

750mm dia. 600mm dia. 400mm dia.

(Small Channel) (Small Channel) (Small Channel)

RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs 2008; Amendment No. 1 Page B1

APPENDIX B

POST SELECTION CHARTS FOR SMALL SIGNS

B1 Notes Relating to Use of Charts

The charts in this appendix can be used for the selection of typical post sizes for small signs (sign

panel area less than or equal to 4.7m2) located at the roadside. The following notes apply:

1. Charts are based on open terrain (Terrain Category 2) with gentle topography (Mh = 1.0).

A conservative approach for signs in hilly terrain (with slopes up to 1 vertical to 5 horizontal), is

to multiply the sign area by 1.35 before entering the chart to select the post sizes required. If in

shadow lee zones, or areas of known channelling, multiply the sign area by 1.8 before entering

the chart. For more severe topography, or a less conservative approach, specific design is

required.

2. For posts in terrain category 3 the sign area may be multiplied by 0.8 before entering the chart

to select the post sizes required.

3. A structure importance level of 1 has been used, with an annual probability of exceedance for

ultimate limit state for wind loading of 1/50.

4. A drag force coefficient of 1.5 has been applied, (Cd = 1.5).

5. The charts are for single post installations. For multiple post installations refer to Section

B1.1.5. below.

6. Design to AS/NZS 1170.2 is required for signs at an elevation greater than 500m above sea

level.

B1.1 How to Use the Charts

1. Select the appropriate wind speed for the given sign location. The charts for the regional wind

speed of 45m/s apply to Wellington and the Marlborough Sounds, (Region W). The charts for a

regional wind speed of 39m/s apply to all other regions, (Regions A6 & A7).

2. Consider the local topography as outlined in Section B1 1 above and adjust sign area to be

entered if necessary.

3. Select the appropriate post type, (Section B1.2 of this appendix lists the types covered by these

charts).

4. For single post installations select the appropriate sign area (A) and follow the chart across to

find the intercept with the required sign height (H) measured from ground level to the centre of

the sign panel. The section size required is the one for the curve above this point of

intersection.

5. For multiple post installations the required sign area (A) must be multiplied by (1.15/n) before

entering the chart, where n is the number of posts to be used.


B1.2 List of Charts Included in this Appendix

Post Selection Chart for Basic Wind Speed

Chart No. Pole Type Wind Speed

1 Timber (Radiata No.1) 39m/s

2 Aluminium CHS (255 MPa) 39m/s

3 Steel CHS (C350) 39m/s

4 Steel RHS (C350) 39m/s

5 Timber (Radiata No.1) 45m/s

6 Aluminium CHS (255 MPa) 45m/s

7 Steel CHS (C350) 45m/s

8 Steel RHS (C350) 45m/s


Timber (Radiata No.1) Post Selection Chart for Regional Wind Speed of 39m/s (Region A

for Average Recurrence Interval of 50 Years & Importance Level of 1 (AS/NZS 1170))

[ULS Pressure (F) =1.13kPa at <5m, Terrain Category 2]

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Height to Centre of Sign, H (m)

Maxim

um

Perm

issa

ble

Sig

n A

rea, A

(m

2) Area = A (m2)

H (m)

Notes:

1. Refer to the notes at the front of this appendix.

2. Chart is based on a maximum sign eccentricity of

0.15 times the sign panel width ( i.e. a 1.5m wide sign

with its centre offset a maximum of 225mm from the

post centreline ).

3. The plateau on the selection curves results from

shear and torsional effects on the post.

4. The chart assumes that the longest side of the post

section is perpendicular to the sign face.

100 x 100mm

100 x 150mm

150 x 150mm

100 x 200mm

150 x 200mm

Chart B1


Aluminium CHS (255MPa) Post Selection Chart for Regional Wind Speed of 39m/s

(Region A for Average Recurrence Interval of 50 Years & Importance Level of 1 (AS/NZS

1170)) [ULS Pressure (F) =1.13kPa at <5m, Terrain Category 2]

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0


Ma

xim

um

Perm

issa

ble

Sig

n A

rea

, A

(m

2)

Area = A (m2)

H (m)

Notes:

1. Refer to the notes at the front of

this appendix.

2. Chart applies for maximum sign

eccentricity of 0.75m (i.e. a 1.5m

wide sign mounted on one edge).

3. The kink in the selection curves

is a result of the l/20 serviceability

deflection limit.

60mm diam CHS x 2.8mm





Chart B2


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Maxim

um

Perm

issab

le S

ign

Are

a,

A (

m2)


Steel CHS (C350) Post Selection Chart for Regional Wind Speed of 39m/s (Region A for Average Recurrence Interval of 50 Years & Importance Level of 1 (AS/NZS

1170)) [ULS Pressure (F) =1.13kPa at <5m, Terrain Category 2]

Area = A (m2)

H (m)

Notes:1. Refer to the notes at the front of this appendix.2. Chart applies for maximum sign eccentricity of 0.75m (i.e. a 1.5m wide sign mounted on one edge).



Chart B3


Steel RHS (C350) Post Selection Chart for Regional Wind Speed of 39m/s (Region A for

Average Recurrence Interval of 50 Years & Importance Level of 1 (AS/NZS 1170))


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0


Maxim

um

Perm

issa

ble

Sig

n A

rea, A

(m

2)

Area = A (m2)

H (m)

Notes:

1. Refer to the notes at the front of

this appendix.

2. Chart applies for maximum sign

eccentricity of 0.75m (i.e. a 1.5m

wide sign mounted on one edge).

75 x 50 x 3.0 RHS

Chart B4


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Ma

xim

um

Perm

issa

ble

Sig

n A

rea

, A

(m

2)


Timber (Radiata No.1) Post Selection Chart for Regional Wind Speed of 45m/s (Region W for

Average Recurrence Interval of 50 Years & Importance Level of 1 (AS/NZS 1170))


Area = A (m2)

H (m)

Notes:1. Refer to the notes at the front of this appendix.2. Chart is based on a maximum sign eccentricity of 0.15 times the sign panel width ( i.e. a 1.5m wide sign with its centre offset a maximum of 225mm from the post centreline ).3. The plateau on the selection curves results from shear and torsional effects on the post.4. The chart assumes that the longest side of the post section is perpendicular to the sign face.

100 x 100mm

100 x 150mm

150 x 150mm

100 x 200mm

150 x 200mm

Chart B5


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Ma

xim

um

Per

mis

sab

le S

ign

Are

a, A

(m

2)


Aluminium CHS (255MPa) Post Selection Chart for Regional Wind Speed of 45m/s

(Region W for Average Recurrence Interval of 50 Years & Importance Level of 1 (AS/NZS 1170))


Area = A (m2)

H (m)







Chart B6


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Maxim

um

Perm

issab

le S

ign

Are

a, A

(m

2)


Steel CHS (C350) Post Selection Chart for Regional Wind Speed of 45m/s (Region W for Average Recurrence Interval of 50 Years & Importance Level of 1

(AS/NZS 1170)) ULS Pressure (F) =1.51kPa at <5m, Terrain Category 2]

Area = A (m2)

H (m)




Chart B7


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Maxim

um

Perm

iss

ab

le S

ign

Are

a, A

(m

2)


Steel RHS (C350) Post Selection Chart for Regional Wind Speed of 45m/s (Region W for Average Recurrence Interval of 50 Years & Importance Level of 1 (AS/NZS 1170))


Area = A (m2)

H (m)


75 x 50 x 3.0 RHS

Chart B8

RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs 2008; Amendment No. 1 Page C1

APPENDIX C

FOUNDATION SELECTION TABLES FOR SMALL SIGNS

C1 Notes Relating to Use of Tables

The tables in this appendix give the required depth of embedment (L) for cylindrical foundations for a

range of applied forces and sign heights. These tables have been derived using Broms theory. A table

for shallow pad foundations has also been included for situations where underground services are

present. The following notes apply:

1. Topsoil, very soft or very loose surface sediments shall not be included in the embedment

depths given in the tables.

2. Soil type should be assessed from appropriate investigation.

3. Specific design is required if the groundwater level is above the base of the footing.

C1.1 How to Use the Tables

1. Evaluate the soil conditions for the given sign location. Section C1.3 of this appendix gives

typical properties and the appropriate foundation selection table for a range of soil types. If soil

conditions are not known Table C1 may be used.

2. If a shallow pad foundation is required in areas with underground services Table 16 can be used

to size the pad.

3. Calculate the force on the sign panel using Sign Area (A) x Ultimate Limit State wind pressure

(F), given on the post selection charts.

4. Enter the left-hand column of the foundation selection table and select the appropriate value of

F x A.

5. Follow the row across to the appropriate column for the height of the sign (measured from

ground level to the centre of the sign panel).

6. Read off the required depth of embedment which is given in metres.

C1.2 Typical Soil Parameters for Table Selection

These parameters are based on values from J.E. Bowles, Foundation Analysis and Design, Third

Edition, McGraw Hill, 1984 and NZ Geomechanics Guidelines for Field Descriptions of Soils and

Rocks in Engineering Use. The foundation selection tables are generally based on soil properties at

the lower bound of those indicated below.


A) COHESIONLESS SOIL (GRAVELS & SANDS)

Friction Angle (Degrees): Table to Use:

Loose

Medium Dense

Dense

Very Dense

27-32

30-39

35-43

>38

C5

C5

C6

C6

Typical friction angles for sands are nearer the low end of the ranges quoted above while typical

values for gravels are near the high end of the ranges quoted.

B) COHESIVE SOIL (SILTS & CLAYS)

Undrained Shear Strength Su (kPa): Table to Use:

Soft

Firm

Stiff

Very Stiff/Hard

25-50

50-100

100-200

>200

C1

C2

C3

C3

C) ROCK

Parameter: Table to Use:

Unweathered to moderately

weathered, strong to very

strong rock with closely

spaced defects.

Unweathered, very weak

rock with widely spaced

defects (highly fractured).

= 45 degrees

Su = 500 kPa

C7

C4


C1.3 List of Tables Included in this Appendix

Table: Description:

C1 Cylindrical Sign Post Foundations – Unknown soil conditions

C2 Cylindrical Sign Post Foundations – Cohesive soil with Su = 50 kPa

C3 Cylindrical Sign Post Foundations – Cohesive soil with Su = 100 kPa

C4 Cylindrical Sign Post Foundations – Unweathered rock with Su = 500 kPa

C5 Cylindrical Sign Post Foundations – Cohesionless soil with = 30 degrees

C6 Cylindrical Sign Post Foundations – Cohesionless soil with = 35 degrees

C7 Cylindrical Sign Post Foundations – Strong unweathered rock (highly fractured)

with = 30 degrees

C8 Shallow Pad Foundations – Cohesionless soil with not less than 30 degrees and

cohesive soils with Su not less than 50 kPa.


Table C1

Table of Embedment Depths (L) for Cylindrical Sign Post Foundations.

Unknown Conditions

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

1.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

2.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

2.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

3.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9

3.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0

4.0 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1

4.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2

5.0 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3

5.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

6.0 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

6.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

7.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6

7.5 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

1.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

2.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

2.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

3.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7

3.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8

4.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9

4.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9

5.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0

5.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1

6.0 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2

6.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3

7.0 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3

7.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

300 mm diameter Cylindrical Concrete Footings.

Height to Centre of Sign (m)



Notes:

The above tables give the required depth of embedment (L) for cylindrical concrete sign post foundations for a range of

applied forces and sign heights. These depths have been derived using Broms theory. The following notes apply:

1. Refer to the notes on table usage at the front of this appendix.

2. Above Footings do not allow for eccentrically mounted signs.

3. Tables assume that posts are embedded to within 100mm of the bottom of the foundation, or a steel/Aluminium

sleeve (with end cap) to take the post is cast to within 100mm of the bottom of the foundation.

L


Table C2


Su = 50 kPa

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

1.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

2.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

2.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4

3.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

3.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

4.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

4.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7

5.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

5.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8

6.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9

6.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9

7.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0

7.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

1.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

2.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

2.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

3.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

3.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

4.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

4.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

5.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

5.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

6.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7

6.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7

7.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8

7.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8





Notes:

The above tables give the required depth of embedment (L) for cylindrical concrete sign post foundations for a range

of applied forces and sign heights. These depths have been derived using Broms theory. The following notes apply:


2. Footings above the dashed line are satisfactory for sign eccentricities up to 0.75m (i.e. signs up to 1.5m wide

mounted on one edge). Footings below the dashed line do not allow for eccentrically mounted signs.



L


Table C3


Su = 100 kPa

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

1.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

1.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

2.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

2.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

3.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

3.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

4.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

4.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

5.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4

5.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

6.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

6.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5

7.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

7.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

2.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

2.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

3.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

3.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

4.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

4.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

5.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

5.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

6.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

6.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

7.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

7.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4





Notes:




2. Footings above the dashed line are satisfactory for sign eccentricities up to 0.75m (i.e. signs up to 1.5m wide

mounted on one edge). Footings below the dashed line do not allow for eccentrically mounted signs.

3. Tables assume that posts are embedded to within 100mm of the bottom of the foundation, or a Steel /

Aluminium sleeve (with end cap) to take the post is cast to within 100mm of the bottom of the foundation.

L


Table C4


Su = 500 kPa

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7

1.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

2.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

2.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

3.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

3.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

4.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

4.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

5.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

5.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

6.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

6.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

7.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

7.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

1.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

2.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

2.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

3.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

3.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

4.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

4.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

5.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

5.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

6.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

6.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

7.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

7.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9





Notes:




2. Above footings are satisfactory for sign eccentricities up to 0.75m (i.e. signs up to 1.5m wide mounted on

one edge).

3. Tables assume that posts are embedded to within 100mm of the bottom of the foundation, or a Steel /


L


Table C5


' 30 Degrees

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

1.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

2.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

2.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

3.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

3.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

4.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

4.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9

5.0 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0

5.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0

6.0 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1

6.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2

7.0 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2

7.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

1.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

2.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

2.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

3.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

3.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

4.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

4.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

5.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8

5.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

6.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9

6.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0

7.0 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0

7.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1





L

Notes:








Table C6


' 35 Degrees

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

1.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

2.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

2.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

3.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

3.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

4.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7

4.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8

5.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

5.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9

6.0 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0

6.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0

7.0 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1

7.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

1.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

1.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

2.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

2.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

3.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

3.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5

4.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

4.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

5.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7

5.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

6.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8

6.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

7.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9

7.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9





Notes:







L


Table C7


' 45 Degrees

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

1.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

1.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

2.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

2.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

3.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

3.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

4.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

4.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

5.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

5.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

6.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7

6.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

7.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8

7.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

1.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

1.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

2.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

2.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

3.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

3.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

4.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

4.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4

5.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

5.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5

6.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

6.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

7.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

7.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6





Notes:




2. Above footings are satisfactory for sign eccentricities up to 0.75m (i.e. signs up to 1.5m wide mounted on

one edge).

3. Tables assume that posts are embedded to within 100mm of the bottom of the foundation, or a steel /


L


Table C8

Table of Lengths (L) for Pad Sign Post Foundations.For soil conditions not worse than:

Loose-Med Dense Cohesionless Soil (Gravels and Sands)

' not less than 30 degrees

Firm Cohesive Soils (Silts and Clays)

Su not less than 50 kPa

F x A

(KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0.25 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2

1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

1.5 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9

2.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2

2.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5

3.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.8

3.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.0

4.0 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 - -

4.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9 - - -

5.0 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.0 - - -

5.5 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.0 - - - -

6.0 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.9 - - - - -

6.5 2.0 2.4 2.7 3.0 - - - - -

7.0 2.1 2.4 2.8 - - - - - -

7.5 2.2 2.6 2.9 - - - - - -

500 mm wide (B) x 400 mm deep (D) Concrete Pad Footings.


DB

L

Wind

Notes:

The above tables give the required length (L) for concrete pad sign post foundations for a range of applied forces and sign

heights. The values given are for a 500mm wide pad of depth 400mm, for use in areas with shallow services. These

depths have been derived using Meyerhof Bearing Capacity Analysis and Factors. The following notes apply:


2. Soil descriptions are based on NZ Geomechanics Society Guidelines for Field Descriptions of Soils and Rocks in

Engineering Use.

3. The values in the above table assume that finished ground level is a minimum of 150mm soil above the top of the

pad footing.

4. Above Footings do not allow for eccentrically mounted signs and are based on a conservative assumptions of zero

sign weight.

5. Pad reinforcement is detailed below for a concrete compressive strength of 17.5 MPa. Cover is 75mm with the post

embedded to within 75mm of the underside of the pad.

RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs2008; Amendment No. 1 Page D1

APPENDIX D

WORKED EXAMPLE USING POST & FOUNDATION SELECTION

CHARTS IN APPENDICES B AND C

D1 Worked Example Using Post Selection Charts in Appendix B

Sign Size and Locations

The sign shown is to be located at the side of

the road (not over the road) in a low-density

suburban area in the central North Island. The

topography is flat. This worked example

illustrates how the design aid charts in

Appendix B and C can be used to select an

appropriate post and foundation size for the

sign installation.

Clause

Reference

Worked Example

4.2 Importance Level for Design

Sign panel area is less than or equal to 4.7m2 and not over the carriageway. Importance

level = 1 and annual probability of exceedance for wind ultimate limit state is 1/50.

4.2 Terrain Factors

If specific design is being carried out to AS/NZS 1170.2. the terrain factors adopted are

contained in that code.

If the terrain and sign location are within the bounds covered by the charts in Appendix

B (see guidance notes in Appendix B) the charts can be used rather than carrying out

specific design to AS/NZS 1170. (Note: A more refined solution may be achieved

through specific design to AS/NZS 1170).

Appendix

B

The charts in Appendix B can be used for this example because the sign is in gentle

topography, the sign is below an elevation of 500m above sea level, the importance

level is 1, and the sign panel area is less than or equal to 4.7m2 and is not over the

carriageway.

The above sign is in Terrain Category 3 (as defined in Clause 4.2.1 of AS/NZS 1170.2

with a broader description given in figures C4.2.1(A) – C4.2.1(F) in the commentary to

AS/NZS1170.2).

B1 (1) Since the sign is to be located in an area with gentle/flat topography there is no need to

modify the sign area to account for the effect of any hills. If the sign were to be located

adjacent to hills or escarpments (with slopes up to 1 vertical to 5 horizontal) then the

sign area would need to be multiplied by 1.5 before continuing.

B1 (2) Sign is in Terrain Category 3. Therefore we can multiply the sign area by 0.8 before

entering the charts (charts are based on Terrain Category 2). The 0.8 area reduction

factor will account for the sign being in Terrain Category 3.

B1.1 (1) Wind speed = 39m/s for the central North Island. Therefore for a steel CHS post we

would use Chart B3.

Area =

2.0m wide x

1.5m tall

H = 2.5m

Ground Line

RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs2008; Amendment No. 1 Page D2

B1.1 (5)

and

Clause 4.2

Because the sign is more than 1.3m wide more than one post will be required. The sign

area must be multiplied by (1.15/n) before entering the chart to determine the post size

required. This will give the effective area per post. Check with say two posts.

Effective Area = (1.15/2) x 0.8 x 1.5m tall x 2.0m wide = 1.38m2 per post.

(Where 0.8 = area reduction factor to account for the sign being in Terrain Category 3,

determined from change of Mz,cat in AS/NZS 1170.2, Table 4.1(A), (0.83/091)2 ≈ 0.8)

B1.1 (4)

and

Chart B3

Using Chart B3 with a height to the centre of sign of 2.5m, we require two 76 diameter

CHS x 3.2mm thick sections for the given sign.

Two Steel CHS 76 x 3.2mm thick posts are required to support the sign panel.

D2. WORKED EXAMPLE USING FOUNDATION SELECTION CHARTS IN APPENDIX

C

Foundation Conditions

The foundation selection charts in Appendix C can be used for signs with a panel area less than

or equal to 4.7m2 and not over the road as specified in Clause 4.2.

The sign in this example is to be located in medium dense sandy soil overlain by 100mm of

topsoil/soft sediment.

Clause

Reference

Worked Example

Appendix

C C1.2

Tables A, B and C in the guidance to Appendix C indicate that Table C5 should be

used for the above soil conditions. Table C8 can be used if a shallow pad foundation is

required to avoid any services.

Appendix

C C1.1 (3)

The sign area (A) used should be that used for the post selection table. i.e. in this case

A = 1.38m2

per post (see example above). The value of the wind pressure F, is also

given on the appropriate post selection chart.

F x A = 1.13kPa (from Chart 3) x 1.38m2 = 1.56kN.

Appendix

C Table 5

For a 300mm diameter concrete footing the depth L must be greater or equal to 1.1m

(using height to centre of sign = 2.5m and F x A = 1.5kN in the table).

Appendix

C C1(1)

Therefore the depth of foundation required = 1.1m + 0.1m of soft topsoil/sediment. i.e.

the topsoil is not included in the calculation of embedment depth; therefore we need to

add 0.1m.

A 300 diameter by 1.2m deep concrete foundation is required for each post.

RSMA Compliance Standard for Traffic Signs2008; Amendment No. 1

Date post:	05-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	dinhnga
View:	221 times
Download:	0 times

2008rsma.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/RSMASTD2010.pdf · An acceptable method for the design...

Documents