$ and Sense of Non-point Source Water Pollution in Eastern
Europe and USAID/ Moldova Case Study
Chisinau, Moldova, October 2006
Mohammad A. Latif, P.E.Bureau Environmental OfficerUSAID Europe and Eurasia Bureau
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Danube River Catchment & Hot Spots
01/6380
Bodrog/UpperTisza Basins
AUSTRIA
CZECH REPUBLIC
ROMANIA
CROATIA
BOSNIA ANDHERZEGOVINA
SLOVAKIA
POLANDGERMANY
MOLDOLVA
BULGARIA
UKRAINE
YUGOSLAVIA
SWITZERLAND
SLOVENIAITALY
MACEDONIA
GREECE
TURKEY
BELARUS
HUNGARY
Hornad/HernadBasin
Cris/KorosBasin
Project Overview
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Water Quality Monitoring Stations along the Romania / Hungary border
R.
ple
érSuplacu
Oradea
Debrecen
Barza Brad
02/6380ref02/5780
H U N G A R Y
MS-2
MS-5
MS-6
MS-4
R O M A N I A
MS-7
Stei
Pocsaj
´
Sebes-Koros¨ ¨
Mako´
Korosszakal
SarkadBekes´ ´
Bekescaba´ ´
MS-6
H-7
R-5R-9R-10R-11
R-12R-13
R-2
Watershed
River
Country Boundary
Monitoring Station
LEGEND
Activities & Results: Hungary
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Point & Non-point Source water pollution challenges in Romania
• Industrial Sites– Petroleum, phenols, suspended solids, zinc, chromium,
heavy metals, copper, cyanide, hexavalent chromium
• Incompletely Treated Wastewater From Oradea Municipal Plant Discharged to Rapid Cris
• Institutional Issues, Inadequate Infrastructure• Agriculture and mining
Activities & Results: Romania
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USAID/CNFA-MoldovaAgribusiness Development Project
2001-2004 Environmental ProgramsWater Quality Monitoring
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Site Specific Mitigation and Monitoring, and Point Source Water quality monitoring
Environmental Review Documents (ERD) were prepared for each Farm Store and Farm Service Center By USAID Implementers.
Each ERD contained:A. ER Checklist (of Environmental Consequences)
B. Impacts (Explanation of)
C. Recommended Environmental Threshold Determination
D. Mitigation Measures
E. Monitoring Procedures
F. Approvals
Over 100 site specific M&M documents were prepared during the CNFA and project and maintained in a central database
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List of CNFA Water Quality Monitoring Stations
1) Sireuti station, Prut River near Sireuti village2) Cahul station, The lower part of the Prut stream near Cahul town3) Mereseuca station, Dniester River near Mereseuca village4) Rascaieti station,Lower part of Dniester River near Rascaieti
village5) Balti station, Raut River near Balti town6) Orhei station, Raut River near Orhei town7) Straseni station, Bic River near Straseni town8) Bulboaca station, Bic River near its confluence with the Dniester
River, near Bulboaca village9) Causeni station, Lower part of Botna River near Causeni town10)Cimislia station, Cogilnic River near Cimislia town
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List of CNFA Water Quality Monitoring Stations
11) Aluat station, Downstream of Yalpug River near Aluat village
12) Cahul (Vulcanesti), The Cahul River South of Vulcanesti town, New added stations
13) Egorovca borehole, Soroca town14) Mitoc borehole, Mitoc village15) Costesti water body, Costesti village16) Ghidighici water body, Vatra village17) Dubasari water body, Dubasari town18) Taraclia water body, Taraclia town19) Cuciurgan water body, Dnestrovsc town20) Comrat water body, Comrat town
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Non-point Source Water Pollution sampling and testing
• Samples were taken in the fall and in the spring• Samples were taken under normal weather conditions (after a non-
rain period of at least 2-3 days)• Samples were tested for 27 ingredients at the Monitoring Center on
Environmental Quality (MCEQ) of the State Hydrometeorological Service in Moldova.
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1C
2V
4G
3I
5RE
6U
7B
8S
9O
10R
11S
12M
15C
13 E
14 M
16G
17D
19C2
0C18
T
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INSERT GRAPHIC TO ADD PHOTO
Water quality in the Prut River
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Water quality in the Upper Dniester
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Major pollutant values in the Bic River a) before it enters industrial and municipal areas and b) near its confluence with the Dniester
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Water quality in the Lower Dniester
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Concentrations of major pollutants of the Cogilnic River
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Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Observations and Conclusions
• There seems to be no growing tendency in water pollution levels; in majority of stations, concentrations of most ingredients is decreasing compared when compared with soviet times.
• Increased ammonia concentrations, while exceeds Moldova MAC in some cases are still lower than European MAC standard.
• In cases of increased concentrations of Zn where registered, it could be explained by the presence of widely spread Vendian Age rocks rich in zinc.
• There is still a cumulative, prolonged effect of soviet time agricultural practices characterized by over usage of copper containing pesticides and ammonia containing fertilizers.
Summary and Results
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References
1) Mohammad A. Latif: USAID'S Transboundary Pollution Reduction Program in Hungary, Slovakia and Romania for Global Environmental Facility (GEF), Danube River Project; First International Conference on Management of Transboundary Waters in Europe, Mrzezyno, Poland, September 1997.
2) Mohammad A. Latif : Environmental Impacts, USAID'S Global Environmental Facility (GEF)/ Danube River Pollution Reduction Program in Hungary, Slovakia and Romania; XIXth Conference of the Danube Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management, Osijek, Croatia, June 1998.
3) Mohammad A. Latif: USAID Water Projects in Europe and Eurasia Region- Case Studies in Environmental and Water Management Technology Applications in Romania and Poland; Second Annual Environmental Conference on water and Mining in Romania, Bucharest, Romania, September 2005.
4) Constantin Mihailescu (Moldova Minister of Environment), Aureliu Overcenco (CNFA) and Mohammad A. Latif: USAID/CNFA-Moldova-2001-2004 Environmental Programs, Water Quality Monitoring, December 2005
5) USAID/Bureau Environmental Officer’s office Compliance Records at USAID/Washington, DC
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Ensure that the environmental consequences of USAID financed activities are identified and considered by USAID and
the host country prior to a final decision to proceed and ensure to adapt appropriate environmental safeguards.
If you want to save money ($), it makes sense to do timely water quality monitoring to attract
investment for economic growth and infrastructure upgrade
Thank You
