© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. EDC 601 Instructional Technologies.

© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.

EDC 601InstructionalTechnologies

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies


We will learn how to integratemultimedia into PowerPoint

slideshows and Web sites.

Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.

EDC 601EDC 601I nstructionalI nstructionalTechnologiesTechnologies



What is multimedia???



“Multimedia is any combination of

MULTIMEDIAMULTIMEDIA

(Vaughan, 2008)



“Multimedia is any combination of text


(Vaughan, 2008)



“Multimedia is any combination of text, art


(Vaughan, 2008)

I prefer the termgraphics

which we will use.

I prefer the termgraphics

which we will use.



“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics


(Vaughan, 2008)



“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics, sound

(Vaughan, 2008)





“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics, sound, animation


(Vaughan, 2008)



“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics, sound, animation, and video


(Vaughan, 2008)



“Multimedia is any combination of text, graphics, sound, animation, and video delivered to you by computer or other electronic or digitally manipulated means.”


(Vaughan, 2008)



“A computer product composed of two or more media (sound, video, graphics, animation, text, and so on) with which the user can interact.”


(Walsh, 1995)



““The ability to navigate the contents of a multi-media product, giving you some degree of control over it. With an interactive product, you are in control, telling the product where you want to be, what you want to see, and how you want to experience it.

INTERACTIVITYINTERACTIVITY

If it’s not inter-active, it’s not true multimedia by today’s standards”

(Walsh, 1995)



Walsh classifies the interactivity

of multimedia into four levels:



Informational/Reference Navigation (Lowest Degree)

HighestDegree

LowestDegree

Early Multimedia Encyclopedias such as Compton’s

(categorized by keyword searches or by the use of buttons)

Early Multimedia Encyclopedias such as Compton’s

(categorized by keyword searches or by the use of buttons)

Degrees of Multimedia



Hypertext (Standard Degree)

A system that links words and phrases together so that you can navigate textual information in a free-form fashion that is faster and more accurate than other methods of searching for information.

A system that links words and phrases together so that you can navigate textual information in a free-form fashion that is faster and more accurate than other methods of searching for information.

Some of the newer help systems such as the one with Office Some of the newer help systems such as the one with Office

HighestDegree

LowestDegree




Hypermedia (Advanced Degree)

A system that uses the same principles found with hypertext. Photographs, video, sound, and text can be linked to one another to form a system of interconnected media.

A system that uses the same principles found with hypertext. Photographs, video, sound, and text can be linked to one another to form a system of interconnected media.

Newer Multimedia Encyclopedias such as Encarta or well

designed Web sites

Newer Multimedia Encyclopedias such as Encarta or well

designed Web sites

HighestDegree

LowestDegree




Immersion/Virtual Reality (Highest Degree)

The ability to move about and control a multimedia experience from your own perspective and as a full participant rather than a passive viewer. VR is the most advanced multimedia available and requires more than just a hefty computer system. Specialized hardware, such as video goggles and data gloves, may be required to get the full effect of some VR products.

VR Example 1 VR Example 2

The ability to move about and control a multimedia experience from your own perspective and as a full participant rather than a passive viewer. VR is the most advanced multimedia available and requires more than just a hefty computer system. Specialized hardware, such as video goggles and data gloves, may be required to get the full effect of some VR products.

VR Example 1 VR Example 2

HighestDegree

LowestDegree




Walsh’s definition of multimedia includes interactivity, but as we saw with Vaughan, not all definitions have this requirement. Since we are using PowerPoint for this course, we will ignore the interactivity requirement.



Assignment

You are to find an alternate definition of multimedia, and e-mail

the definition and the URL where you found this definition to me.



MultimediaHardware, Software,

and Peopleware



Hardware





CapacitiesMagnetic

floppy disk 90k – 1.44meg

hard disk 5meg – ??tera

Flashflash drives/memory cards 16k – 4+gig

OpticalCD-ROM 650meg – 700meg

DVD 4.7gig – 50gig

Multimedia was not practical until the advent of large capability storage devices..



CD/DVD-ROM



Magnified x 2,500



• One of the keys to DVD is that it can write data much more densely than standard CD-ROM techniques.

• The spacing between tracks, pits, and lands is much smaller.

• The laser wavelength is much shorter.

The original CD/DVDs used a red laser, and the new DVD technology uses a blue one. Blue light has a shorter wave length, so the pits, lands, and tracks are even smaller. A HD DVD disc can store up to 30 GB and a Blu-ray one can store up to 50 GB!

The original CD/DVDs used a red laser, and the new DVD technology uses a blue one. Blue light has a shorter wave length, so the pits, lands, and tracks are even smaller. A HD DVD disc can store up to 30 GB and a Blu-ray one can store up to 50 GB!



100 million listing on one disc!!!



Software



What's a meta for?

Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.

EDC 601EDC 601I nstructionalI nstructionalTechnologiesTechnologies



• Card- or Page-based

• Icon- or Object-based

• Time-based

• Presentation

Authoring Tool Metaphors

“Utility” multimedia software will be discussed later.



Card- or page-based

Authorware (PC & Mac player) (desktop & Web) www.adobe.com/products/authorware

Quest (PC) (desktop & Web) www.allencomm.com/ELearning_Tools/Quest/Quest.aspx

Icon- or Object-based

HyperStudio (PC & Mac) (desktop & web) www.hyperstudio.com

ToolBook “Family”(PC) (desktop & Web) www.toolbook.com/index.php



Director (PC & Mac) (desktop & Web) www.adobe.com/products/director

Flash (PC & Mac) (desktop & Web) www.adobe.com/products/flash/flashpro

Time-based

PowerPoint (PC & Mac) (desktop & Web) office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint/ FX100487761033.aspx

Presentation





Fenrich Fenrich (1997) classifies authoring tools as:(1997) classifies authoring tools as:

• Authoring SystemsAuthoring Systems• Object-based SystemsObject-based Systems• Authoring LanguagesAuthoring Languages• Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

Other Classifications

And there are still other criteria that can be used to And there are still other criteria that can be used to classify authoring tools.classify authoring tools.



Peopleware



As this course progresses, we will see that a good commercial interactive multimedia package is the product of a team of skilled individuals some of whom are:

• Project Manager

• Instructional Designer

• Subject Matter Experts

• Media Producers– Video

– Audio

• Graphic Artists

• Editors

• Programmers

• Reviewers• Pilot Subjects



Villamil-Casanova and Molina (1996) identify the team members as:



Producer

Programmer

Script Writer

Content Specialist

Multimedia Architect

Instructional Designer

Computer Graphic Artist

Audio and Video Specialists



• Executive Producer

• Producer/Project Manager

• Creative Director/MM Designer

• Art Director/Visual Designer

• Artist

• Interface Designer

• Subject Matter Experts

• Instructional Designer

• Script writer

• Animator (2-D/3-D)• Sound Producer• Reviewers• Music Composer• Video Producer• Multimedia Programmer• HTML Coder• Lawyer/Media Acquisition• Marketing Director

W. Baker in Vaughan (2008) identifies the team members as:



Before we begin our exploration of multimedia, let me show you a Toolbook project in which I was involved for three years...



and a Director project



and a PowerPoint project



and a Web-based project

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