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“Are we really what we eat?”
“Where does the ‘stuff’ that makes us come from?”
-macromolecules
Compounds
•Inorganic: compound that does NOT have carbon
•Organic: compound that HAS carbon
Sources of Food
Autotrophs make their own food but.... We are heterotrophs so we need to get
our food from other organisms What are some autotrophs we eat? Other heterotrophs?
Why Do We Need To Eat Food?
Energy 8 characteristics
of living things “obtain energy and materials from other organisms”
Provide our bodies with materials to grow
So How Does a Cheeseburger Give Us Energy?
Digestion: Breaks food down into molecules that our bodies can use
Our Stars:
Carbohydrates
Lipids/ Fats
Proteins
Can you identify these macromolecul
es?
Carbohydrates
Function: Main source of energy for the body
Men’s World Record Marathon: 2h 03:38 Patrick Makau Kenya 25 September 2011 Berlin
Women’s World Record Marathon: 2h15:25 Paula Radcliffe United Kingdom 13 April 2003 London
Carbohydrates
Variety of Forms: Sugars
Glucose Fructose Lactose
Starch
Carbohydrates
Diet: Fruits Pastas
These sugars and starches are the carbs that give us energy
They are made up of many parts called monosaccharides (MONOMER)
Carbohydrate Examples
-Glucose: the main source of energy in the body. -Made from photosynthesis
Carbohydrate Examples:
-Glycogen: stored in liver and muscle cells, and is a secondary long-term energy storage (animals)
Carbohydrate Examples:
-Starch: a stored form of energy (plants)
Carbohydrate Examples:
-Cellulose: a chain of sugar molecules that gives the cell wall in plants their strength
Carbohydrates
Recap: Carbs like sugar (glucose) and starches are our main source of energy. These carbs are made up of smaller units called monosaccharides, and can be found in foods such as pasta and fruit.
Lipids/ Fats
A calorie is a unit of energy
When we eat more calories than we burn, the extra energy is stored as what?
Fat Function: lipids are
a way to store energy in the body
Variety of Forms Fats Oils Waxes
Lipids/ Fats
Lipids/ Fats
Diet: Oils (Olive Oil) Fats (animal fat)
Subunits: Lipids are made up of many parts called fatty acids (MONOMER).
Why one type is better for you.....
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats
Saturated Fats: have no bends in their chains so they are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated Fat: bends in chain make this a liquid at room temperature
Phospholipids: molecule that makes up the cell membrane
Steroids: a type of lipid (ex. cholesterol)
Recap: Lipids like fats, oils, and waxes are another source of energy. These lipids are made up of smaller units called fatty acids, and can be found in foods such as olive oil or butter.
Lipids/ Fats
Proteins
Functions: Form muscles Control reactions Help move substances into cells
Proteins
Variety of forms: Enzymes: control reactions Hormones hemoglobin
Proteins
Diet: Meats Nuts
Subunits: Proteins are made up of many parts called
amino acids.
Proteins
Recap: Proteins like enzymes, hemoglobin, and hormones help control reactions and create muscle. These proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids, and can be found in foods such as meats and nuts.
http://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=8448
Nucleic Acids
Another type of macromolecule But this one does not come directly from
your diet Functions:
stores your genetic information Provides instructions for making new
cells
Nucleic Acids
Variety of Forms DNA RNA
Subunits: Nucleic acids are made up of many parts
called nucleotides.
Nucleic Acids
Recap: Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store genetic information. These nucleic acids are made up of smaller units called nucleotides.
Monomers vs. Polymers
Monomers: subunits Polymers: “many parts”; a string of
monomershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgWgLioazSo