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30pt
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Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSPA & HSPA+
Introduction
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Understand the basic principle and features of HSPA and HSPA+
Page1
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. HSPA & HSPA+ Overview
2. HSDPA Introduction
3. HSUPA Introduction
4. HSPA+ Introduction
Page2
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UMTS Data Rate Evolution
Page3
GSM GPRS
EDGE
WCDMA
R99
HSDPA
R5
HSUPA
R6
Mobile Network Uplink Peak Data Rate Downlink Peak Data Rate
GSM 9.6Kbps 9.6Kbps
GPRS 20Kbps 40Kbps
EDGE 60Kbps 120Kbps
WCDMA Release 99 384Kbps 384Kbps
HSDPA Release 5 384Kbps 14.4Mbps
HSUPA Release 6 5.76Mbps 14.4Mbps
HSPA+ Release 7 11.5Mbps 28Mbps
HSPA+ Release 8 11.5Mbps 42Mbps
HSPA+
R7
HSPA+
R8
DL 64QAM
MIMO
16QAM
…
DL 64QAM+MIMO
DC-HSDPA
…
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
What are the benefits of HSDPA
Higher Data Rates
Peak data rate up to 14Mbps per user (Release 5)
Higher Capacity
More subscribers and throughput
Further reduces the cost per megabyte
Richer Application
Low latency – improvement for streaming ,interactive, background
applications
Page4
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Release 99 Downlink Packet Data
How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD) ?
DCH ( Dedicated Channel )
Spreading codes assigned per user
Closed loop power control
Soft handover
FACH ( Common Channel )
Common Spreading code
No closed loop power control
No soft handover
Page5
Node B
Node B
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Release 99 Downlink Limitation
Dedicated Channel Features ( DCH )
Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps
OVSF code limitation for high data rate users
Rate change according to burst throughput is slow
Outer loop power control responds slowly to channel
Common Channel Features ( FACH )
Good for burst data application
Only low data rates supported
Fixed transmit power
Page6
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Basic Concepts
Set of high data rate channel
Channels are shared by multiple users
Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource every 2ms
Page7
HSDPA user#1
HSDPA user#2
HSDPA user#3
HSDPA user#4
Node B
a set of HS-PDSCHs
Code multiplexing for HSDPA
2ms
“Big shared pipe”
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Basic Concepts (cont.)
How will HSDPA figure out the limitations of R99
Adaptive modulation and coding
Fast feedback of Channel condition
QPSK and16QAM
Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1
Multi-code operation
Multiple codes allocated per user
Fixed spreading factor
NodeB fast Scheduling
Physical Layer HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest )
Page8
35pt
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) :18pt
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Comparison between R99 and HSDPA
Page9
Mode DCH FACH HSDPA
Channel Type Dedicated Shared Shared
Power Control Closed Inner Loop
at 1500Hz & Closed
Outer Loop
No Fixed Power with
link adaptation
Soft Handover Supported Not Supported Not Supported
Suitability for
Bursty Poor Good Good
Data Rate Medium Low High
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
High Speed Uplink Packet Access
Driver force for HSUPA
Data Rate – demand for higher peak data rates in uplink
Qos – lower latency
Capacity – better uplink throughput
Coverage – better uplink coverage for higher data rate
Page10
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Release 99 Uplink Packet Data
DCH (Dedicated Channel)
Variable spreading factor
Closed loop power control
Macro diversity (soft handover)
RACH
Common spreading code
Fixed spreading factor
No closed loop power control
No soft handover
Page11
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Release 99 Uplink Limitation
Large scheduling delay
Radio resource is controlled from RNC
Uplink DCCC (Dynamic channel configuration control)
Large latency
Transmission time interval duration of 10/20/40/80ms
RNC based retransmission in case of errors (RLC layer)
Limited uplink data rate
Deployed peak data rate is 384kbps with limited subscriber
number
Page12
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSUPA Basic Concepts
E-DCH channel has been introduced
Interference is shared by multiple users
NodeB controls all UEs data rate with fast scheduling
Page13
E-DCH
35pt
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) :18pt
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Improved Characters by HSUPA
Higher peak data rate in uplink
Reduced latency
Faster retransmission to improve throughput
Fast scheduling
Optimize the resource allocation to maximize the total throughput
Quality of Service support
Improve QoS control and resource utilization
Page14
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSPA+ Introduction
HSPA refers to HSDPA and HSUPA which are introduced in
3GPP Release 5 and Release 6. It can provide significant
throughput, latency, and capacity gains on the downlink and
uplink, compared to Release 99.
HSPA+ (also known as HSPA evolution) is introduced in 3GPP
Release 7 and develops continuously in the following Release. It
is an enhancement to HSPA.
Page15
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Goals for HSPA+
Reduced service delay
Increase peak data rates
Improve spectrum efficiency
Increase system capacity
Reduce UE power consumption
Page16
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. HSPA & HSPA+ Overview
2. HSDPA Introduction
3. HSUPA Introduction
4. HSPA+ Introduction
Page17
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Key Techniques
Page18
AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding)
Data rate adapted to radio condition on 2ms
Fast Scheduling based on CQI and fairness
Scheduling of user on 2ms
HARQ(Hybrid ARQ)with
Soft combing
Reduce round trip time
16QAM
16QAM in complement to QPSK for higher peak bit rates
SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM
Dynamic shared in Time and code domain
3 New Physical Channels
Block 1 Block 2 Block 1
Block 1?
Block 1 Block 1?
+
35pt
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) :18pt
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Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) in accordance with
CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )
Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition
Good channel condition – higher data rate
Bad channel condition – lower data rate
Adjust channel coding rate to compensation channel condition
Good channel condition – channel coding rate is higher e.g. 3/4
Bad channel condition –channel coding rate is lower e.g. 1/3
Adjust the modulation scheme to compensation channel condition
Good channel condition – high order modulation scheme e.g. 16QAM
Bad channel condition – low order modulation scheme e.g. QPSK
Page19
35pt
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) :18pt
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Adaptive Modulation and Coding (cont.)
AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI
( Channel Quality Indicator )
CQI ( channel quality indicator )
UE measures the channel quality and reports to NodeB every 2ms or a
longer cycle
NodeB selects modulation scheme ,data block size based on CQI
Page20
Bad channel condition
→ More power Node B Node B
Power Control Rate Adaptation
Good channel condition
Bad channel condition
Good channel condition
→ less power
→ low data rate
→ high data rate
35pt
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) :18pt
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CQI mapping table for UE category 10
Page21
CQI value Transport
Block Size
Number of
HS-PDSCH Modulation
Reference power
adjustment
0 N/A Out of range
1 137 1 QPSK 0
2 173 1 QPSK 0
…… …… …… …… ……
13 2279 4 QPSK 0
14 2583 4 QPSK 0
15 3319 5 QPSK 0
16 3565 5 16-QAM 0
17 4189 5 16-QAM 0
18 4664 5 16-QAM 0
…… …… …… …… ……
28 23370 15 16-QAM 0
29 24222 15 16-QAM 0
30 25558 15 16-QAM 0
35pt
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Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA UE Categories
Page22
HS-DSCH
Category
Maximum
Number of
HS-DSCH
Codes
Received
Minimum
Inter-TTI
Interval
Maximum Number of
Bits of an HS-DSCH
Transport Block
Received Within an HS-
DSCH TTI
Total Number of
Soft Channel Bits
Category 1 5 3 7298 19200
Category 2 5 3 7298 28800
Category 3 5 2 7298 28800
Category 4 5 2 7298 38400
Category 5 5 1 7298 57600
Category 6 5 1 7298 67200
Category 7 10 1 14411 115200
Category 8 10 1 14411 134400
Category 9 15 1 20251 172800
Category 10 15 1 27952 172800
Category 11 5 2 3630 14400
Category 12 5 1 3630 28800
35pt
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) :18pt
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Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReQuest
Conventional ARQ
In a conventional ARQ scheme, received data blocks that can not be
correctly decoded are discarded and retransmitted data blocks are
separately decoded
Hybrid ARQ ( HARQ )
In case of Hybrid ARQ with soft combining, received data blocks that can
not be correctly decoded are not discarded. Instead the corresponding
received signal is buffered and soft combined with later received
retransmission of information bits. Decoding is then applied to the
combined signal
Page23
35pt
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) :18pt
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Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReQuest (cont.)
Illustration of HARQ:
The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the effective
received Eb/Io for each retransmission and thus increases the
probability for correct decoding of retransmissions, compare to
conventional ARQ
Page24
35pt
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) :18pt
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HARQ Combining
There are many different schemes for HARQ with soft
combining
In case of Chase combining ( CC ) each retransmission is an
identical copy of the original transmission
In case of Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) each retransmission may
add new redundancy
Page25
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HARQ Process
Each HSDPA assignment is handled by a HARQ process runing
in NodeB and UE
The UE HARQ process is responsible for:
Attempting to decode the data
Deciding whether to send ACK or NACK
Soft combining of retransmitted data
The NodeB HARQ process is responsible for:
Selecting the corrected bits to send according to the selected
retransmission scheme and UE capability
Page26
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Short TTI (2ms)
Shorter TTI ( Transmission Time Interval ) is to reduce RTT
( round trip time )
Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other functionalities
such as AMC, scheduling algorithm and HARQ
Page27
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Shared Channel Transmission
In HSDPA, a new DL transport channel is introduced call HS-
DSCH
A part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically
shared between HSDPA and Release 99
Page28
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power Sharing for Channel Transmission
A part of the total downlink power resource is dynamically
shared between HSDPA and Release 99
Page29
Time
Allowed power for HSDPA
Total Power
DPCH
Power for CCH
Higher power
utility efficiency
Power margin for DCH power
control
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Resource Allocation
Page30
Resources are assigned to HSDPA user only when they are
actually to be used for transmission, which leads to efficient
code and power utilization
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Higher-Order Modulation Scheme
HSDPA modulation scheme
QPSK
16QAM: 16QAM can provide higher peak rate
Page31
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fast Scheduling
Fast scheduling is about to decided to which terminal the shared
channel transmission should be directed at any given moment
Page32
Scheduler may be based on:
•Channel condition
•Amount of data waiting in the queue
•Fairness (Satisfied users)
•Cell throughput, etc
Some basic scheduling algorithms:
•Round Robin (RR)
•Maximum C/I (MAX C/I)
•Proportional Fair (PF)
•Enhanced Proportional Fair (EPF)
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA New Physical Channels
Page33
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSDPA Channel Mapping
Page34
DCCH DTCH
HS-DSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-DPCCH
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data Rate
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum data rate is 14.4Mbps
How do we get to 14.4Mbps ?
Multi-code transmission
NodeB must allocate all 15 OVSF codes ( SF =16 ) to one UE
Consecutive assignments using multiple HARQ process
NodeB must allocate all time slots to one UE
UE must decode all transmission correctly on the first transmission
Low channel coding gain
Effective code rate = 1
Requires very good channel conditions to decode
16QAM
Requires very good channel condition
Page35
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Example of Calculating HSDPA Data
Rate
Try to calculate the HSDPA data rate assuming
5 OVSF code for HS-PDSCH
Consecutive assignment
QPSK
Turbo code rate =1/3
Retransmission
75% of data block decoded on first transmission
25% of data block decoded on second transmission
Page36
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. HSPA & HSPA+ Overview
2. HSDPA Introduction
3. HSUPA Introduction
4. HSPA+ Introduction
Page37
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSUPA Key Technology Overview
HSUPA key technologies
Page38
2ms TTI
Fast scheduling
Lower SF
New Channels
Fast L1 HARQ
Improved
Cell Capacity
Higher Peak
Data Rate
Lower Latency
Improved QoS
Support
Fast Resource
Scheduling
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSUPA vs. HSDPA
Page39
HSDPA HSUPA
New high-speed shared channel Dedicated channel with enhanced
capabilities
HARQ with fast retransmission at layer 1
Rate/modulation adaptation
Single serving cell
Fast power control
Soft handover
Fast NodeB scheduler
Shared NodeB power and code
Fast NodeB scheduler
Rise-over-Thermal (ROT)
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rise-over-Thermal Noise
In order to decode received data correctly, the uplink
interference shall be controlled.
Rise-over-Thermal is a measure of the uplink load.
Page40
NodeB monitors uplink interference and tells UE
how much power can be used to transmit uplink data.
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
NodeB Scheduler for HSUPA
The HSUPA scheduler considers the trade-off between the
following two points:
Several users those want to transmit at high data rate all the time
Satisfying all requested grants while preventing overloading and
maximizing resource utilization
Page41
35pt
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) :18pt
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HSUPA Operation
The UE sends a transmission request to
the NodeB for getting resources.
The NodeB responds to the UE with a
grant assignment, allocating uplink band
to the UE.
The UE uses the grant to select the
appropriate transport format for the
Data transmission to the NodeB.
The NodeB attempts to decode the
received data and send ACK/NACK to the
UE. In case of NACK, data may be
retransmitted.
Page42
NodeB
1. R
EQU
EST
3. D
ATA
2. G
RA
NT
4. A
CK
/NA
CK
UE
35pt
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Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSUPA Operation (continued)
1. Transmission Request
The UE request data
transmission by the scheduling
information (SI), which is
determined according to the UE
power and buffer data
availability.
The scheduling information is
sent to the NodeB.
Page43
UE
UE Buffer UE Power
Scheduling Information (SI)
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSUPA Operation (continued)
2. Grant Assignment
The Node B determines the
UE grant by monitoring
uplink interference (RoT at he
receiver), and by considering
the UE transmission requests
and level of satisfaction.
The grant is signaled to the
UE by new grant channels.
Page44
NodeB
RoT SI
GRANT
Satisfaction
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSUPA Operation (continued)
3. Data Transmission
The UE uses the received grant
and, based on its power and
data availability, selects the E-
DCH transport format and the
corresponding transmit power.
Data are transmitted by the UE
on together with the related
control information.
Page45
UE
GRANT
UE Power
Data and related
control information
UE Buffer
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSUPA Operation (continued)
4. Data Acknowledgment
The NodeB attempts to
decode the received data and
indicates to the UE with
ACK/NACK.
If no ACK is received by he UE,
the data may be retransmitted.
Page46
NodeB
ACK/NACK
Data and related
control information
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
New Channels for HSUPA
Uplink Transport Channel
E-DCH: Carries high speed uplink data
Uplink Physical Channels
E-DPDCH: Carries E-DCH
E-DPCCH: Carries control signal for E-DPDCH
Downlink Physical Channels
E-HICH: Carries HARQ ACK/NACK indicator for E-DCH
E-RGCH: Carries relative grant determined by the scheduler
E-AGCH: Carries absolute grant determined by the scheduler
Page47
35pt
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) :18pt
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HSUPA Channel Mapping
Page48
DCCH DTCH
E-DCH
E-DPCCH
E-DPDCH
E-HICH
E-AGCH
E-RGCH
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
New Channels in HSUPA Operation
1. The UE sends a request for resources.
The request includes status of its data
buffers and is sent on E-DPDCH.
2. Based on the request from the UE, the
Node B allocates a resource grant to the
UE. The grant is sent on the E-AGCH
channel.
3. This grant can be modified by the Node
B every TTI using the E-RGCH channel.
4. The UE transmits data on E-DPDCH.
Control information needed to decode the
data is sent on E-DPCCH.
5. The Node B decodes the received
packet and informs the UE whether it
could decode the data successfully or not
on the E-HICH channel.
Page49
E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
E-AGCH
E-RGCH
E-HICH
1
4
3 5 2 1
4
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HSUPA Features
Shorter TTI of 2ms
In HSUPA both 10ms TTI and 2ms TTI are supported.
A shorter TTI allows reduction of the latency and increasing the
average and peak cell throughput.
Higher Peak Data Rate
For a 10-ms TTI UE, peak data rate is limited to 2 Mbps.
Higher peak data rates can be achieved with a 2ms TTI UE
5.76Mbps is the maximum peak data rate for HSUPA.
Page50
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) :18pt
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HSUPA Features (continued)
Hybrid-ARQ
N-channel stop-and-wait protocol, with 4 HARQ processes for
10ms TTI and 8 HARQ processes for 2ms TTI
Synchronous retransmission
Separate HARQ feedback is provided per radio link.
Page51
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
E-DCH Active Set and Mobility Support
There are three different types of
radio links in the UE E-DCH active
set:
Serving E-DCH Cell: The cell from
which UE receives AGCH.
Serving E-DCH RLS: Set of cells that
contain at least the serving cell and
from which the UE can receive
RGCH
No-Serving RL: Cell that belongs to
the E-DCH active set but not belong
to the serving RLS and from which
the UE can receive a RGCH.
Page52
Serving
E-DCH cell
Serving E-DCH
Radio Link Set
(RLS)
Non-Serving
E-DCH Radio
Link (RL)
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate
How to get 5.76Mbps:
Lower channel coding gain
Effective code rate = 1
Requires very good channel conditions to decode
Lower spreading factor
UE uses SF 2
Multi-code transmission
UE uses 4 codes, 2 with SF2 and 2 with SF4
2ms TTI
Page53
35pt
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) :18pt
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E-DPDCH with SF4 and Puncturing
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and coding
rate of 1 is 1920 bits and the corresponding data rate is 960kbps.
Page54
1920 bits payload
1920 parity
1920 symbols
1920 modulation
symbols
1920 systematic 1920 parity
7690 chips
R = 1/3
Turbo Coding
SF=4
BPSK Modulation
Puncturing
2ms
35pt
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) :18pt
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Lower Spreading Factor SF2
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 2, TTI of 2 ms and coding
rate of 1 is 3840 bits and the corresponding data rate is 1920kbps.
Page55
3840 bits payload
3840 parity
3840 symbols
3840 modulation
symbols
3840 systematic 3840 parity
7690 chips
R = 1/3
Turbo Coding
SF=2
BPSK Modulation
Puncturing
35pt
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) :18pt
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multi-code Transmission
For one UE in HSUPA operation, up to 4 E-DPDCH can be used
simultaneously, two using SF4 and two using SF2.
Use of 4 codes transmission 2*SF2 + 2*SF4:
(2*1920kbps) + (2*960kbps) = 5760kbps
Page56
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HSUPA UE Capabilities
Page57
E-DCH
category
Max number
of E-DPDCH
channels
Minimum
SF
Supported
TTI
Peak rate
for TTI =
10MS
Peak rate
for TTI =
2ms
Category 1 1 SF4 10ms 711kbps --
Category 2 2 SF4 2&10 ms 1448kbps 1448kbps
Category 3 2 SF4 10ms 1448kbps --
Category 4 2 SF2 2&10 ms 2000kbps 2886kbps
Category 5 2 SF2 10ms 2000kbps --
Category 6 4 SF2 2&10ms 2000kbps 5742kbps