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CHEMICAL BONDS AND STABILITY
Intro to Chemistry
How do atoms bond?
Atoms bond by or
electrons.
TRANSFERRINGSHARING
An atom’s depends on how likely it will .
STABILITY REAC
T
Why do atoms bond?
want to be therefore they want their energy filled.
ATOMSOUTER-MOST
STABLE
LEVEL
electrons (with the exception of having
electrons) make a
8 VALENCE HELIUM 2
VALENCESTABLE ATOM.
Atoms react or BOND in two ways:
1. An atom electrons to become
2. An atom electrons to become
LOSESPOSITIVE
GAINS
NEGATIVE
CHEMICAL BOND
The of that
FORCE ATTRACTION
HOLDS TWO ATOMS TOGETHER
Reactive Metals and Nonmetals
Elements that have react easily with whose atoms 1
Which group has 7 valence electrons?
Which group has 1 valence electron?
7 VALENCE ELECTRONSELEMENT
SGIVE UP OR SHARE ELECTRON
17 – very reactive
1 – very reactive
Reactive Metals and Nonmetals
Usually elements have , or
will their electrons.
Elements with , or will electrons.
1 2
3 VALENCE ELECTRONS
LOSE
5 67 VALENCE ELECTRONS
GAIN
Nonmetals
Have or more Bond with by
electrons. and
bond by electrons.
4 VALENCE ELECTRONSMETALS GAINING
NONMETALS NONMETALSSHARING
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF BONDS
IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS
IONIC BONDS
Atoms transfer VALENCE ELECTRONS to reach stability.
**Atoms with 5, 6 or 7 valence electrons
** Atoms with 1, 2 or 3 valence electrons
GAIN ELECTRONS TO BE STABLE
LOSE ELECTRONS TO BE STABLE
Lithium, Fluorine, Neon
Lithium – Gives 1 Valence Electron Fluorine – Takes 1 valence electron to
become stable. Neon – does not take or give any
electrons. Neon is in group 18 and is already stable.
Ionic Bonds
When an atom or valence the becomes or electrically charged.
Ion -
LOSES GAINSELECTRONS
ATOMPOSITIVELY
NEGATIVELY
An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge (+ or - )
LOSING VALENCE ELECTRONS GIVES YOU +++++POSITIVE IONS
LOSING VALENCE ELECTRONS GIVES YOU….
When an atom an it becomes charged.
WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?
LOSES ELECTRONPOSITIVELY
+++ POSITIVE IONS+++
GAINING VALENCE ELECTRONS GIVES YOU…
---NEGATIVE IONS--
GAINING VALENCE ELECTRONS GIVES YOU…
When an atom an it becomes charged.
WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?
---NEGATIVE IONS---GAINS ELECTRO
N NEGATIVELY
REVIEW: HOW IONIC BONDING WORKS
Atoms become charged Transferring valence electrons
cause ions to be formed Opposite ions attract each other
COVALENT BOND
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. (Uncharged)
***Covalent bonds usually form between and
. The of the
of each holds the together when
NONMETALS NONMETALSFORCE ATTRACTION
ATOMS NUCLEUSSHARING
ELECTRONS
COVALENT BOND
** A molecule is
**Remember** Atoms bond to reach (Helium 2 v.e.) which makes the
Molecular Compound: A that is of
A NEUTRAL GROUP OF ATOMS JOINED BY COVALENT BONDS.
COVALENTLY8 VALENCE ELECTRONS
COMPOUND STABLECOMPOUND
MADE MOLECULES COVALENTLY BONDED