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Industry: An Introduction

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How can industrial activity be classified?How do global employment patterns vary?How can industry be described as a system?What links exist between different industries?What factors influence the location of industry?

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There are many different types of industry. We can classify industry into three main categories:

Secondary

These industries provide a service.

These industries extract raw materials directly from the earth or sea.

These industries process and manufacture products from raw materials.

Primary Tertiary

How can industrial activity be classified?

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Classification of industry

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There are also quaternary industries.

These industries incorporate a high degree of research and technology in their processes and employ highly qualified people.

Biotechnology and computer programming are examples of quaternary industries.

What is a quaternary industry?

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How can industrial activity be classified?How do global employment patterns vary?How can industry be described as a system?What links exist between different industries?What factors influence the location of industry?

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The balance of jobs between the three categories in a particular area or country is called the employment structure.

A major reason for some changes in employment structure is mechanization – the use of machines to do jobs rather than people.

Primary (%) Secondary (%) Tertiary (%)

Bangladesh 63 11 26Brazil 23 24 53Cameroon 79 13 17France 4 24 72India 60 17 23Italy 5 32 63Japan 5 25 70UK 1 25 74USA 2 24 74

Country

How do global employment patterns vary?

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Interpreting graphs

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How can industrial activity be classified?How do global employment patterns vary?How can industry be described as a system?What links exist between different industries?What factors influence the location of industry?

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Think of industry as a cake-making process!

For a company to be profitable, the value of the outputs must be greater than the cost of the inputs.

INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTSThese can be physical, human and economic inputs.

These are the activities that are involved.

These are the finished products and any waste.

How can industry be described as a system?

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Industrial system for a clothing factory

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What type of industrial activity is taking place here?Describe the links between secondary and tertiary industries.

Examination question

Study the photograph.

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How can industrial activity be classified?How do global employment patterns vary?How can industry be described as a system?What links exist between different industries?What factors influence the location of industry?

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Links between different industries

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How can industrial activity be classified?How do global employment patterns vary?How can industry be described as a system?What links exist between different industries?What factors influence the location of industry?

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Deciding where to locate an industry requires weighing up a large number of factors.

The owner will want to locate at a site that will give the greatest profit.

How do industries choose their location?

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Factors influencing location of industry

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Location of different industries

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Energy

Capital

Transport

Finished products

Study the diagram showing factors that are important for the location of a manufacturing industry.

What is manufacturing industry?Complete the missing boxes for inputs and outputs.What are ‘components’?

Components

Examination question

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Industry anagrams

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Oil drilling

Categorize these industries under the following headings: primary, secondary and tertiary. Are any of these industries quaternary?

NAPP PharmaceuticalsResearch

Industry classification

Study the photographs.

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Industry can be classified into four main categories: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.

Employment structure varies between areas, countries and over time.

There are links between all of the main industrial categories.

Industrial location depends upon a range of physical and human and economic factors.

The decision for choosing a site is usually determined by the site that will give the greatest profit.

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s Industry: an introduction