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It I, no •• bl. In ,hi. U\Ody I ... bolllfa f.9ud1nq 'hI

Inllulncl of holpltlU .. Uon .... I""Ing chlld,"n If. "". und ... t.ndlbll by .. 10'011<:. to ~.ophle •• ,labl ... _dlul uporrlUc. 0' _lth •• 10"'01 .tUt...:!ln.)

l.fo' ... tI .... of docto... n.ay bo U .... <IOC.O,O· .II~I on .h. I_U of ho.pltoll •• tL ........ _ child ... d.,lvo ho<o

th.l, boll.t •• bout child ... ond/ ... 1 __ oUI phlloloplly

of IIf •• Inc. ouch ~I .... <10 not ._ tIM In/lulnc. of

.duc.tLonll «0101n9 ouch .. tM PClI or .... 'k .. pert.nco ouch .. upoouro '0 c_nLtJ lep) ",tU hotpltol "".~.

It I1 0100 dUo"""IMlnV tI ... ,. I .. 'M loco of dlnlcol orwl

..... 'ch .tUntl .... '\>10.1"" thirty,. ... 01>4 c ..... u_,

.ctlon In Ingl.nd and 1f.101111 Ithf Oll9h g.oup. IU. th.

IIltlond " .. o.lnlon 10' ,!lot IIOlfo .. 01 CIIIldf.n In Ko.pHd! of ..... IU .... n y.o .... , ..... I"" I.v.to of

Ippfocl.tlon 01 .h ••• .,.'h. I_e, 01 IIOtp""lIutLon .. Ill .. h' In _1 •• 1 el •• I ......... eh •• Idonco ..

outllnO<! IR .. cUo .. I doll o f "DU'" Ih"" .h.t ono oho .. ""' plt.lI .. tton dOli ..... Il00 •• 1""9 • • , ... og .. l .. l_cU on

young child, •• bu, .Il00 ....... ~ ••• hoopltoll •• tlon ••••

do .. glng In 'ho lonq to ••• U 10 In .MI ,o'pe"' .h., Iny

no'pltoll .. Uo. n.o<Il to bo ...... a ",,1 ... lblll ty Ir>dudng foetor ov •• Uno. ". .. ,Iog In ond of 1 ... 1f "od .hot .he d.chl .... '0 ..... pl •• U •• bo toko. vlt~ .hl. nutlon

_ 75 -

Of •• 19nlUunUy col ... d to .~. n_'. 01 c~lld'~n

~o.plt.l! •• d by GPO .R<! '~'Y •• plol" 'M 10<9*ot ~odonc. in GP r.t .. of hoopltoll •• ,IOft "" .. ho, GP fo,'o" 0' GP .nd poti.nt foc'o,. c_lnod oro ,o<>ol<lo,od. ""'0 .0gUlvo •• ".rI.nee ...... 0100 .... OM foe'o, clo .. ly

dHI.,."U.Un9 'h. oI ••• n GPo In'orvlowed who h.~ chlld,·o"

od.lttod to hO'pHoi 10 tb. 'h, .. ""nth otu<ly "..Iod. Th.y boo< .0 .d.H ..... hlp to hooplt01l .. lIo<> ut .. of hOoplUI

d<>c:tou. "",atl .... ""rionc" 01 ..... _"' .. 1<10 0 .. not .. Iotd ' 0 O"Y ho.pltol doctor fouo .. .

Th ... "",I.noo 01 ' .... 000 ... 1<1. by .... ,kln, In .h. Inf.ctl ... dlouo .. "".plt.1 ."do< "udy dud"9 .. olnln, I,

fouR<!.o 01""I(I,.otl1 I""r •••• "".pIUll ••• I ..... 01 .. (0,

,oo"_n.odtl ..... "9 doc t ......... .ojO'''J 01 .h ... bein9 GPO. Thlo fI ... :IIn, hl,h1l9hto t~. _,f.1 Infl"onco of I> .. t .0,oUv ... "".I ... c ...... doeto ... "" •• I,ht """e, .hot .... ,tln, In .h. ~o.pl'ol In "" .. "0 .. would 010" doeto .. '0 the of ••• ""n.c .... '1 hoopltolhotlon of

child ... with g .... oo ..... I.Io. A100 tI •• vo,~ .. ".,10.<'

I ... H ...... Id provld. th ... do«o, ... Lt~ 0".0 ~'p"'I .. ,. ond , .... fLdonco at j"d,lo9 cllnlcoL oopoc .. of , .. t,o_

ont.ri.1o ouch .. lovol. of dohyd •• Uo .. '~u. oll ... I", th •• '0 .0 .. 09" Child" .. 1<0 •• !>olr """ ou'9 .. 1 .. ""'re of ton. "" ...... , I.fluo.« .h ... Io<to,. hovo, thoy ... <hotly .Ino •• Inco do".o," .. ltb """'(0.00 I •• h. bo.p(,., .. od

01_ •• lwlco .. _ny of the vi, •• ". c .... to hoOplUI (5 •

vo. l.1l. TII", upoo" .. to the P'Obl .. I .. "01 .. 1.9 .ppoo<o

'0 ••• oltl.o doeto<o to .h. poto."oUy .",Otlv. 0"'« •••• of ,,,,,,,.,.,1,,. ott""",h doath. f, ... , ....... ' .. 1.1 •

.... or •• "y .... I .. 1r.'Ond (''''.ty-o .. o Info.t de.,ho I .. 0 ... HI.UO bir'h In .ho fir.t bUf of .b. nu. l.uUn)l.

TIt. ,.uIU.ln, .If.ct "" doc'or. o! ho.PIt.1 .. "." .. < .. b .. bo •• c_ntod o •• ' .... h ... IE.o"o.nd "<Irldo, 19611. Th •• 10 • dllfJcuh P,obl .. to .dd..... • •• hop. het of Influon,," 01 bood .. "",h." .. o. 'h. 10"".1 '''0. 01 Mop"ol doeto .. ' .. un. 1«,."

'" t~'I ... P*cuu ..... , _ .. "".IOU .. 1ft. e •• ~.hy

"'''''''' .. ft' lottl ... .....

I b ) . "" 11 ... 1 ... ", •• ea .. IUI .... t ...... , quit.

dl!lIcult Uo" ....... 0. ,,"vlll9 .or .. of 'dI(Uc,,\t

. ... ' ."" tool", I .... 1 . .... _ • GP .. IU ...... of

olld ........... 1'11 ..... _I.", .... 1._ .0 .... .

".Ioul n .. .

It My 0100 ........... U ... 1 • GP .... 1I_.t, .... 10

_ re '''.r. of ....... I ••• _"lbIlItJ l or. cMld'.

bu lt".

II lU ... oly, WP* 11 . " .10 (I ••• lIoopI101l,ln9' , . Io'I ~.ly

oil" c ... , In .. ell I ... n,'''''' 10. lM 60.,., .hon '11'" I

.. . o n 1110 ••• 1,1 •• 1101 .......... UN'. G.", deep ...

"' ''llIy IIlvht .... _lit 01 h1l , .. Hr I>oci"""JId ond

chLld h .. ltll lo l or .. U. _ .. U". .......... n. ""clolon,

o r . p.<>bobl, .......... tlMy I ..... t ..... ...,Hy Iv,noble

.. I •• _Ut .0 • • _1,-.0.< _. C .... I.)' "",,,,,._n, " .vle.. Thh <:0\11<1 _ t o u ..... U ....... . cI .. " by ~,.

_ h, ... hd "" ....... U .............. HI, •• p", ... c .. in

th, P ... .

_.h •• "".1'-, '0' to. pcenl •• Iou_ne .. G .... I".M

o f .,..t.outuIU ..... b ..... 1 ..... 4. lO_ ~ ... U t . it

n .... ~.n •• dlr .n~""'."" _ v ... . w., 01 .""d.~

p' ot ... I .... o1 ..... 11_1.1 • .,.et. 01 tb.1I ... ,k. ID <hi.

t nu .• ou Uw, .10. or tlw Ill' ",.ni .. ,0 __ .... I_et ....

hO'~IUIl .. tl'" (n .... IUrI .,.I r _ doeto. I' t ... p •• e H ee

'~99 .. tln, t"'" loo ~4 .. ~ 10 • • H<_ ."lnIO<! If ... hlo

~01l .. ".. ..... ,. ... _ •••• 111. ___ , In dlffl t ult

c... . . TIlt. t<>ne ... . 1'" .... (1 .... 10.,. 1.0'''''' 50,",,1 .. o(

v .. y IInh «0 .. ___ 0 ••• , .... 11. (l t 71l. TIt ... I n

dI H ... nu In ..... ~I ••••• 1,_, to. doe, .... 10 ,"' ... on

.hou "". H..., I ... _,.1 ", ••• 1<. ,M I' C ..... It,

O'P· ... t .. nU.

_ 71 _

DHf., • ..., .. bo._.n the ,.f."., ' .... of ho.plt •• A

d<><:,o .. /G" .t>d hO'plt<, • doCOots 0<. d, ... tI. In .hI. otucty wlU ho.plto' • d<><:'o,. <of."ln~ .I_at .wLce .h.

nu ..... of ,,""oon ... I". vl9no't .............. 'e th •• twlc. the potc.n •• ". of 900u .... U,I<I. po,lont. In the"

""" «tu< • ....,.~ ...... "tlonod .. <liar the .-blutlo. of ...... _nt •• _. th., In ...... d nfon.1 by ho.plUI

docto,. b nOt .tu. to th. dlffo,.nt t}'i>O' of p.oblol ... en In , ..... lty .nd G •• u." .. I ... Coopo.ln" rotlo. 01

vl",.tt ••• nd ",'_-coh,.d .. fa".1 only 11\ 01 ,h. hi'lh ••

• ot .. of •• 10"., ID. " ....... nt.dU. by ho.p'tol doeto .. 10 occ<>w>tod 10' by dHIo,.nc .. In u ...... n In 'nu.I'y .nd I. G' ' .. "orl ...

""tlplo tt~r ... lon ollOlYIII for hOlplt.l dOctor. and G .. ...... ot. , ......... Hy uUu ... of ""'roan.orlth •••• n ,~ .. , .. t .... "c. of ,.10,,01 ... 'oblllty In both 9'OUP" lion, of U •• otho, Ioc,o .. In ,h ... 9' ... , ..... or. 01011 ..

to. ,bo ..... o.to of doc'on. So. 10 • focto. In both ... 1, ... oLthou.<jb 10. Mopltol d...,.o ••• _n ., • ..,<0 IIkel, to too.plt,H .. chlld •• n ( ••. IOS. p .•. llSl • .mIL. 10. Gh left JI.o •• hL9h ... .r.".1 ••••• I. _ -.241. p_ .1001. T ••• p.actlca .. 0 ."'obl ..... Lch pe.Ulno .0 Gp.

o~IJ •• hue bad "P"'''nu. 01'(10" to be the "'dlu} foetor c_ to both """p' .... Ich •• phlRe v .. ,.blLlty tor GPo

only. Ind.ed It h the _tt ''''''''hn. "p\ono.o,y •• rl.bl. fo. Gp •. 110'''''''11. o~ .PP •• clotl .... ot th. Influence ot

""."ltoll.ouOll .... \'OIl", cMld .. n (lncO.p<> •• tI"~ "Ioltln~ " __ ndo.I_., '1'(10' .. '0 bo 'h .... dlcol foc.". C_n '0

both .'''''!>O 'fblch upl.lno .... !ablll.y 10' hooplt.l doe.o .. .... 1,. '1110 '_ct of bod .. perlonc .. on dOCton' roh"ol .. to ... I_pend.n. of lOa .. "Yeol,y .. tln~. 01

"'''","nt.<lU ••• ".n In ,ha """plo '.9 .... I"n •• nd In , ........ cO".latl ...... n. •• JI.o"'n9 "".a .~9 ... v.

a,pert.no .. 01 "'''oon'otIU. ~""o "0' ' .. ul, In u~ln~ It ....... Inu. P,oblu ..... loh M. alqh. h •• ~ .h""9hl to

bo .... 1",,1<01 .. pl.n .. l .... 10. '"~, •••• ~ h~'r""1i •• tlon

""k - ...... 9otl ... ··PO'Io"c .. 01 """oon ... ,, 1o hy G',. In.t •• d It _Id '1'(10" .b .. aony GP. h'.'n, n~9"lv.

- 7a _

g .... o.nurlU. expulenc .. !n ,h. p .. t ~.t oO<jnhcan< ~f

t~. alld "o,uro of gutroo"todU. tond .... of ton to uf ..

c .... th.y oo~"""I""go o • • Ild. e..d O'porlOM .. thon ... .. ns!U .. d"ct",o to 'ofe .... « "f'en 'j,,1I 'n co .. ' .o.! .. • hon .. no\thlng .ho. U ove,utl .............. Hy of th.

p .... nUng probl ... One G1 In the .U.dy qulto ol .. ,ly _nog.d ,utroonto,I,1s In .hio ... y. Ho o.plolnOd hi.

roforrol roU of U/18 ~i9"o'h' end ~S, of hto geMc.' 9 .. tro.n~ .. Lth .... rkload by ,.I.dng 0 fnalhy In M. pue.leo .. hi ch , .. "nod f< ... hh ,.v.tOlng • dodolon to

hOBpltolln on roq,,'" f,o. 'ho cbUd', .oth .. , Thl£

uporlonol chonged hi. g ... ,oo ••• <I" ••• n.g .... n' to oM of h".pltoll.lng ...... chlldron ,oga,dl." of thol, .. die.' ~r

hoot ,\tuotlc .. bee""'. of tllo potontla. for dlo .... ' In ,ha .!.".tlon ud bee.u .. of hh hellng. "f uItIN'O

"opondblll.y fo, tluoL a. dId no • • 0' qu .. _ntodth n .,.lnq g .... r.lly o.~uo but fdt tM' Ulo uc.ptlono

dlctoUd .. noq ... n. ,u)u.

"ultlph roq, .. oIon 11Iu"t<"od Ulat 01<><:'0' ,otb., tM ..

p~t1ont .... ,tobl .. oocountod fo. ""n (U'I 01 ,h. up .. ln'" vulonoo In ho.plt.1 ,of« .. 1 , .... by GP •• '"'" r.y ....

~ .. ,bo co .. for hOlpltOI do"'o" .. Ith only )61 01 UlI

uplolnod varlone • .-1o.log to 'dooU" 'octo<o. This

dlffuon". i. uplo'"ad In .h ... 'a"". hoaog.noHy oC ho.plUI doetou on doetor_,olov.nt o,It.,)" ,.oh •• yo.,,' uporlon". whloh would InO.te the !.ponone. of P"t1 .. t_ulov.n t orl.orlo. Tho foot t""t n. of tho total

v.due. In potlont ,efucol '"t~o lu ho.p"O' d •• ,o" Is

"plalned by .ho doctor and boUy loctorl •• \ocud In •• h

"udy 10 otrlklnqly ~Iql> f!qu" by socl,l 5clon.o .""do,dol 01.0 sugq .. U tI>o .-latlv,ly "nil"'. pol.ey 01 1>001'1 .. 1 doeton "IUI ,oq"d ,0 9 .... oon .. <l01o _ .... 9· .. ""

In cont' .... only IU of !.foo 'otd ~"'lobLllty 10 "r.".\ ratu by G'o 10 upldne<! by .t""" edto,II, Thl. ··99··

t •

• eoy other Influone .. opototl~g on GP.. lbO llct t .....

docto< t_etoU are , •• pono1b" fo' .1_0< 01 I o( th.

explAined ,..d"ncP In ~p ,ef.".l po".,nl \1 • Y'cJ

!"p~'tont flndlnq. It \I1u.t< .... the d.ddln9 '~Ie 1IIt!1. n~n_ •• d!c.l pM!.n'

_ 19 _

ro«oro Coft t.. ot>own '0 i"r1u .. co GP <locIUo"o "" 9 .. tr""ntorlth lOO 'U" In .110 vlgnotU o"olyohl the GP. __ t..c''l".ul>ll 01>11 .. p .. lo"c .. ..,IUy <I .. o •• lne ""0'le_M

<loclolono. nuo It \0 .hot 0"0 G' will U"o'lo oil vl9UUO c ...... "-" ond ono. h., oond !cur"," of 019ht .. " to

hoopltol. TO .... on ""010fl GP •• h ... or. boo' U"''lo'' lO.h ... han bont toll ... In 'hot thoy CO"tlo! ond d.ddo

.h. naw or potiO"," to o.h .... ,vie .. 101 bon' aan09"0 ,held. 011 ,h. 011<><: •• 10" o! 100"0, o'c .• rothor ,ho" o"'ho'hln., po.lo", !law IMO the h .. l.h co .. oyot .. In toll ... ov.horlu tho provl.lo" or coo. to cv",o., .. wHh ou tllelo,,' b&"~ OCCOlll1'o). GPo hovo 0 pl ..... al rola tho" In hult. run<!I"9 In 'ho oroo of 9u"oon • .,It!I. Thio

tlndln9 for 9 .. troootulUo o"wono 'ho 90" ... 1 flndl"., by

Groy 119"1 .h •• the <!octo, 0 .. r9'0 ....... 01"910 ""ot I_,t .. , r.ctor (ov", '90, ... ond ooclol ch .. of

potloMol In .0" .. 1011. i" h .. lth caro d.d.lonl.

VOIIoU"". In proocribl"., rot .. fo, .Inor !lIno .. h .... o 0100 t..oo ._ .0 dopo"d _'a on ch"oc,",I .. le. of doe<oll

''''0 o! potion .. ~1Oh1'.I><>u •• 0.-.1 MOII'lklo, an).

All _"Uooo<l .. rH .. tbo """klood of t~o G' 10 • Ilttlo

M~b" Ln .bio 0_10 .han In lrolat>d 9""","lIy. It 10 .100 cl .. , r,_ lho roo~l ....... It I. ,n. buoy doc.o, rothor Ut.oc lho "'" <!octor por ", .... 0 .. nd. _ ..

, .. t'OO~'o<!t\o c ..... o boopi"]. 11010 &Ok .... noo In tor .. of both th roloUvo unl~, .. nc, of ot,~c.uro! f .. lly hetoro by ~. raUn9' ond In t".o o! 'b,

da_nO"ot,d 10000'U"cO 01 &0'''"01 anol .. y In ...... ln

9

,o"rooM,,"1o co ... ""'y doe.o," "'U""'bly h.vo 10 .. ,i_ O"'o\lobl' to .ufflclontly cal. O",L"". _.h ... 0' to .. poet '0 .oo .h_ • n_, 01 tl~. ~lth 'ho .. ... ,o"'''''o'"''tI. ,,'obl ...

.. "-, of loc.oro point '0 tha .truCh,,! 0'

0'9onlooUOftol nnu .. or tho heloion '0 hoopltolho for

'''''OOMorIU •. Doopit .... y d(ff ... ", rU~rr.1 "'" vi .... on the <oI.nnco 01 0 Ii .. 01 non-_dlul rocto," In ,o"''''''to,IU. II oiol1or lor 1 .. lly 60 , I Ch on<! boOpltal

• Oro. 0 <00 0 .. , ..... \ o"I<Wo' 0" ""olth edueotion,

_ 8~ _

the In!luene. of k".plt.lhotlon On YO<l"9 chlld,en ond th. ~." . .. I .. dlnl ..... Ity ,atiog of g •• """nt.,IU.. Th ...

[actOf. 0 .. oho olollor [0' the ..... ¥,oup. of ho.plul 60c.o ,0 vltk the n.<pU"" of ~".<o1 90.t'''''nto,lth

..... I.y , •• 1"90 "heTO •• RH. or, ,u9~"lv. of • _.,

.evere "I ... of tb. IllD005 by hO.pIU) A """'0". In thh

ka'pltol .., .. <>v .. "I.., .. flv. tI ••• the "_'0 o[ ,afo«od

eoe .. I~ O .Z vo. !.ll ond 0 •• ' .vleo lh. p.rcontag .. of

actual patlo"u •• en III ond 9\) "'" ... at to hooplhl to, ~ .. treGa •• rHh .. In hoopl"l B. I" 'aCl hooplLal 11

~an.q ... nt It n" dlfroront hom the lo"or h •• lo of "fenol •• e" 'n Gr fI(IU"" 2.~ ond 2.5~ .19Mt . ..

"f., .. d by hOlpltAl 5 and 0" and ~ """ 1\ ,ofo"." In

octual proctlc. r .. poot!.~ly.

Uuon. for the .i.Uuity of bo.pltal , _n" th~ dUf"on ••

of hoop, .. l A to G' q .. «o~"t .. !U. "."qo,,"' ,.qul ..

fu'tb" ,.v .. Hq"UOO.

'" ' ,,,

""'theu

tbrou9b

eno. ov~re.tI .. to le •• l_ 01 'lu,d I ou

vo.itlnq,

o bu, ,, •• lo" ,no' upede"O' ,,,,,Id ,OM.".'· M'~G" .nd

.due." tn •• [0 provtd ..... 1I.1'd I .. cq".n~ 1,··" It ..

th~n torqe enco-offl InUIe> ul fluid to th. l ,

ch i ld , •• ud;

n.. Mln tlr>dlng'

._dud 1..1"". up In Ue,lon I .

h.,. Lblo ' .... 'eh on d<>cto," .. , ""t. ~ ... ,.I dl ....... lon I»ln ••• ,.

Doe.n,,'

'" n., • ..-plo .. lI<Iltd 1>,_1, nU.Clod 'h ."".tu .. of .ha Ifl." .. dlcol populotlon _Un~

,"l<ouU,ltl, .. , .. "I <Io~I.lon. (' ••. ("P' .nd

e ..... l', Depo, ...... PO<,O<O).

(11) Gaou ... n •• "tl. I. ,ho.....sa, 'v," I, 0

( 1111

eo.ol<lo"I>I ....... _. 01 do.'on· u ........ .v.n~. of ..... c ........ H, 10 ... n by •• ch docto, _ , U", I. dllld .. ,,·. C ..... lt, <>opo .... n .. .

ond 1.1 e .... Of •••• n .... U, by GPO. """ .... .. rap ... ont l.n 01 GPo .... Ur .0 •• "tt.,10 ••.

LA''1' dlft ... " ... 10 .,. ........ ' .. IU. Mnog ... n • • nd h .. f .... 1 ..... odot bo." .. " dO"O'" In

both on u~fI"'I.1 .I< .. doll lpopa'

patlon"",I""""1 aod In .bolt """ ,."","d p, •• ,lu poUq.

(Iv) lIOot chlld/><K>Ol ........ " ••• 1". I ........ '1 • ., It 100_

.. lth 0,,1 lObl"l'otlon .,.. •• py (oon ond potl.".

, ... 11. ft .. PO' ..... (10" of o<:.uol 011<1 21\ 01 vI9no'" u" .... "/0,,," '0 hoOpl,,1 ."" 161 01

docto<o ...... dleO,I .. \" q.o."",n'OII'1o "_9._nt on ._ <>cc .. I"""

Ivl VI'Ino,,_ ono-Iyo" , .... \Od , .. ' ........ dleal ')'.pt_,ol"", .... ,bo ... ot I""" ..... io«o< In ~ .. t< ... nl~.ItU .. to"oIO. ", .... t I .,'ou lond

..., .. I"""" .10" ...,MfO" 0"",-0'< 10"]' ...... yCW/19 _9' 01 aloUd. oIn'llo ... ,,... oft<! udou • ...,t/,." oil 1>o1119 01 tqI>Il .nll ... "" • • ~ ""opIU'

... •• , .... 11. ",. " ..... hth. elhet 01 ,hU.

_-_dl"OI I.eto, ..... not .... IIUv ••• IM p .... nc. of oa. ·"..I ..... bIUty· het.,. hl"I .. , by hI the

","t i_rUM dhc. on uf •• nl 10'''.

hI! F'Unctl ...... I, .. _"ed to 1t,,"ctwr.l ....... • .. dlul

Ivlll

lieU ... r. ,M I_runt 90" ... 1 I .. U, c:on.l .... Ulon. In , •••• oeM .. lth " .. I, ... nl by

60<:00 ... n.o Ability 0 1 po.,onU to .op ..... , ... .. • Njor ' hI" 01 t hUe I letor •.

".~. t h. p,ut.,., .... puhn ... of , .. u ... n ... ltlo

tl " cl<>dJft9 """ .. Lonol t •• hi .. , I n I loooplU) cut • • f or ,uU ... nt.,lthl 11 lhe ... 01 i""",Unt

hcto. In .,o .... lnl.., • GP.' .. "",._no <kehlon. ft. 0 ...... I_,toot f lcto .. Of ... tt_ ... 01 the

..... lty of u.. dl ..... 9 ....... 11' .nd thl ..... k10M1 01 tb. _ t or .... .1 .. CP. I.l.~ not NU""

tMy ... do .. CIOIS 10'0) .oh. _n ""lIun to _piU\' "" ..... 1 bell" ._. tt ....... <10' 01

, .. U .... U .. ItI. 10 oh .. lh' ","t i_nont heto.

In "".pl u l 6oc. o. <.1 .... 1 (1."101 ......

(villI .... on ch . .. etulnlu o f d<>cto .. end n .... ·_lul

che .. eucl.Ue. of f .. llI .. u. con.tchud

tCHjUhl " cho.oct •• ht l e. o f doc t o .. 'ccoun l for

.1 .... 1 dl Cl ..... I .blllly In .ef •• • • 1 •• t .. ond

...... ou th l 'd o f ""'pIUI doctor "Othblllty.

!Io) C .. uolt, Dopa.l_nl .oh .. ol nu_ •• to ""'plul 0 .. ol.,nlllc: ... Uy ",,,b., t,,*" Cl ••• I ... d .U ..

ond •••• cc:ounle6 for by ..... 01 t_ c ..... It., Dopa.t .. nu ,.f.","'! ..... t,,*~ blu 11>0 h".1 of

,,19"""" .nd potlont """'1.U .... un. 10 hOlplloL .... on. for thlo OJ'poo, 10 ,"fllet thl

o .. '.n' .. tl ..... 1 dlfh •• "" .. In Couolt, ,,"pan_M

.. n.~_nl cother t~ln b .... 11, ~Ifl.rln" I,ll."" ..

o. dl_<lpIol<: cb ... ~lr.Iotln 01 d"'no ••.

- .. h) •• H of thl doctou quule<l did ..... Un • CIUr

Mile! 1ft .M cktd_nul .UUlI 01

""'p!UUuti"" on .,.,...,~ 01111<1<.0. klLd. on <hll I ........ r. not ,.h .... to on, dccto,

url.bl .. nob u upe,tonco 0< ... uutt .....

id) 00<:00 .. ' o"'J'jutiono fo, tho '""r.,vo_nt o f the

~ .. t.,"n ... ltl •• \tu.tlon elnt •• on .d"eHI .... 10.

",,'"nto \n hnllnO .nd 0 •• 1 nhyd,,"lon.

Doctor .... r. In favour of thl hu't" ,d"cHlon _.hod, of l .. nIU. vld, ... nd thl .. dlo In t/ln

.,«1 .. "lth tllo .. jarlty 17n .... ln9 lutlHI ..

".eful",. .. bll by th •• In till I< ...... _rk for thl

..... q ... ot of 9 .. troenUrItLI.

'""" full, clrnooon.nc .. of chltdna .. lth ' .... oent .. IU. Of. cor\olcler'" nut.

~Lr CIIICUIlSTAIICIIS ASS!!CIATIID .I'm _PI'ro\L 011 -.; CAIUt IUUUIC_....QI'

CIIILIBlOO ~1'r16

for uekln9 "'dlul advice. 00 •• ~6\ of pO'en •• '.IJOI'U"'1 thlo. far thou Hlell.lln'1 the cuualty J>epOu ... nt only.

u\ .. Id It .... MUU .. of problee.5 .. lth u.ln" a e , and

ll\ Mc ..... they "e,e unhappy "It" CP advice.

IIh." poo,."t. Uh their children for _dlul .. dwle. on~

ponlbl. outco .. of th.l, .ction. 15 the hO'plt.Uu,lon of

th ... childr.". The I.poct of h".pitol!utlon on youn9

chlld,u "U bUn outlln.d In th@ Int,oduc,ory .. cUon o~

.hla '.pon. ~ow.ver who. are .he view. of V.ront .. ohout

5UC" hoopl,,,llutlono ond ore they aw.re of tho

connquenceo of hoopltallutlon for their child,'.,,?

l'ueM"v1e .... on the hoeplUlhatlon of children

The qu ... lon ot ,,1."0 of h"splt"llutlon luelf ha. not

bee ... <Id ..... d but .. n_b", of 'elat«l luueo have. E6<1..1,,_1 end Slacey (1971) ",hd po.,ent5 about tho ha,.

cou .. d by leek at '09,,1 .. vlsl.ln9 01 chlld,.n In hooplU!.

Shty v-r c.nt 16U) of I"'ron.s felt lhb caused. '1'00'

dui of hera, lU .. Id so .. hac. in 00 ... eu .. ~"d 6\ uld na' ... eh ,,' no har.. in anot~er otudy 4H of .othero .. H~

unconditionally "Illln~ '0 Slay in h"spll~1 with thol<

child and. r .... hor lU wodd If th. chll~ .... n",lously

III (Roblnson. 1970). Reported pHto,n. of vhltlnq olso

Indlceted th •• -ath .... pent less ti.e vlaltlnq ohUdren

.. nde< en. and ove, four yura of "9" _ po .. o,,,. pruu .. obly

.no , .... It of boll.h In tbe "e.d to vhlt at vorlouo oq ••. Earth,o"l .nd $Ueoy" 11971\ wor~ 0100 .ho ... d thot

••• Itud ... 0 tho volue of visiting cM Id,." in ""eplul did

nO. dlffe. by ooelol cia .. thU5 diopellln9 • widely h.ld

vi .. , thot 1_< cluo _t"on dr> not .pp ... :I",. 'h

nec ... lty for h.quon. eontoc' .. Ith thol< child, ... du,ln9

hoeplUllutlon. In .... d the outhon .h ..... d that Iou

f'.queM whiting by le,"", clue parenu '''u)le~ fro.

_<ono_lc and o th, conOlrOlnto. In all th~n ,no ~vld~" r~

. 1099 .... thot por.n .. are ."Mc " I t h" ,,~ ",J.. .. r • htl<lo~" t" hoopi.al.

- 9J -

no d!Beunlon nov 'b<ns '0 th~ oo<e gftne'~l ""r~rt.B ~{

feellleB "hleh heve en I_pact on the h~.l!h"{ hlldcrn .

... "lth oth~. au~«h.<5 (~.g. "'~9 •• 19R1I Iu'l!es In

lhh otudy BCe defined as the chlld«n Uu,Il.,1 .,"<1 'h~it

c .. et.~.r('I. The tI<st ~Sp<!.' 10 con.ld~r I. th~ b.>.,~

"ru.t",. of the fully unit.

- 104 -

I.u I .. ~hl bo.plUI eont .. ,. q ... llty of _"I~u .....

-" .. lticI'" p.ldleto. of th. fr ........ cy of ......... 1 .hiU""

01 pTO ........ I"f."u ~I!I_ It .1 .• I,n. d. hl •• y.

"Ill .

" .. ltll ,dI U...,.hlp •• nd poo .... thg .trio •• ,. t ...... pocto _i t hlft t"" _uU locl.l COOl .... of lr.. 1 •• Ii,. Till •

...... . 11 ."vh_nl I. b.l.tiy c""oI~.od.

' • • Hy I ..... lron .. nt h .. 1>0 . .. conc.p .... Uu<l In •• ,.I.d o f

... y. f ..... he .oclol09Ic.1 '0 th. p.yclw>IO'Jlcl1. ...... jo,

...... ch p. obh. h .. beln ,hi lophl.tlcotloft ""4/0. Idlol,nc .. IY of ... 011 ......... 111111 ... ~olll .... nd n. ....... I"U. n.h pCl,,"nu ulhl 00., .. 110 .... erolO "well .. to

... l1d up. ' ...... 1 plct .. <I of dl ..... lo ... of I •• ill ... e.o ..

ttrc""Unc... ... recent toal ""Ich 11 .. MU dewilt<! to ...... 'hi .oclll ell ..... o f f .. l1l .. Ill. con.I ..... bl.

poUntll1 In I .. nllt",.ly U .. lghlfo ....... IOU-'.po.t

lo .... t yet "It /I. .... fflehntly r."IU .. l ........ ltl-

.. 1 ..... lonol eonUnt ""Ieh CID 90 1_ ".y '''''lId, .0k"""I ... ,Lnq tM """,,,Iully of f,.lly •• loU...... Thll ........ 11 the r • • lly Envl.on_n' le,lo ~nll ".vllld by

Il00. (1976). It conlllt. of tin 1 .. lly dl .. nllo,,"

eoll.p .... Into , h . .. b,o."ef c.'I,o.l .. 0' Int~"",r.o"_' '.h'lon •• dlrle,lon. 01 ~ .. on.' 9,,,...h ."pl<,yoJ b, 10.111 ..... '" 0 ' 9 ... 1I0<Ion.' IU .. ~t~ .. of 'h, 'nil,. Tho ........ h .. Mon .... d '" de_I .. d!fIo"M , .. Ilr 'rpol...,l .. 10 ....... ch.Dd ell.",.1 ""'<PO". 'alliin,. _NI _ •. ,tU, _. ,Dd F\lh<. UIIi. he/l. typol...,l .. f .... c_o"r

'upl .. p.""I~ ,,",tul p.otll .. I .... ""'Icb to c_II"', I .. n, '.0 .. ,. In tlHl p< ... nt .. ....,.

".. .""i,l ell .... of U,* f_I1, I, .100 ,.thetM! I"

10.11, bo,,", ... IDU'. ""Ieh ••• Ifttl ... ncod by tlHl ,olu ,<lop"" b'( dlU .. ,nt h.lly __ no " .. '0 .... "I fo .. dy

boh."i ...... die ... '" by 'h .. , '·01 .. """"tit,, •• ''''' "",l dnn. In ond for U .. , •• lly.

- HD _

1'I\h dhon,lon lA 'efcrc~d '0 ao lo~~o of ~ont'OI,

Intunoh "I."lng .... nU .. Mln9 "Ithln thll' cont,ol and eournah "I ... lng th ..... nentl .. Mlng controlto<! by

to hulth tho .. "loo loan an InU,nal loc", of .ontrol, I .•.

thoy .. 0 huHh .. I fnu,. "hlch t .... y con cantro!, a,e

Mttu It .. king and kuplng aedleal appoln .... nte .nd

,oh,"d I.llvld .. ( .. alhton Ond "all •• on. 1918). T ....

po ... rf,,1 I'pact of the up<t<ience 01 porlonol cont,ol of

health 10 .vldent In Increaud phyel •• 1 raeo".,y (roil

1110 .. , l8eho« and Rodln. 1962) and ."0" In loc ••••• d

lon9. y lty In 9.,htric populotlono ILang.r ond Rodin. 1916). HuHh bohOYlours ge" .. olly He ohown to ho .....

• Ignltlc.nt hpact on hul.h ........ In perlonal hUlth

tor •• BllIoc IUlll has .el.cted uyen huHh !>Iha"lou,,, to

study - Utln9 br .. kfut. ,o'JUja, ••• 10. o .. lng Iwerately,

.. orchlng 0., .. , n"t n"kin9. drinking lOader.lIly If .. dl

ud &hepln9 .... n t .. el9ht hours dolly. Be show.d thtt • ~G-70 y .. r old heviR9 011 .. "en hoblU had ° phyolcol

hul'h cO" .. pondln9 to on indlvld"ol thirty yee,o youn9"' hovln9 f ..... thon thue bob\t.. 1n oth •• "o<d. 0 fOTty

fi". yu, old Individual followed fly. and. holl yur •

• ner the original 5t.udy wh" follow.d fouT to fly. of the

.fo,nontlonod heolth behavlOUT$ hod 0 lilo ~~I"'ctoncy of

'."onty thr.1 "hil. "ith .i~ t<> uvon hobito the 11£0

.. peotancy ..... u ... onty eight. Health boho ... lou,o of "n.

Indlyldual .. lthln the fully .ay 0110 100 ... 0 .n I .. p.~' on

othor .... boor. of tho .. fullY. ..01<In9 by .other ••• 0

lpecl!lc unhoolthy b .. h.vl">1' Iou b •• n ohown to Influence

Intant oli •• ntary and ,espl'HO'Y Illneso 11".1. oven abo ... e

the elf •• u of .. jor foeto<o such as social clue (0<]0<00.

FI.,un end ".lker. 19811. Buld .. Influencing health

dl,ectly, huHh bohavlou'. hIve on Indl,.ct eff.~t on

children'. hullh In thel' oodell.I"'J copocHy fo' In$tonce.

On ..... pie h so<>Hn" vhl~h 10 .0<_ co_only t.~en up by

the c~lld<on of eooke .. 1IIO,,,.n and GcuM. 19B,I. UHt

119761 outllnu the rol~ of the f .. ii~ 9~no<~lly u

educat"," of chlld,en In a ,.n". of h.oHh ~~h" ... lour5.

112 _

~hlldren. Th •• uus of SdOll ~hildr.n on .~. _ntol

h •• lth of .oth ... h oh" @~ldMt In .. own 01><1 Hurl.'.

ot181 .. udy of dopr@".lon In ...... n' in .ltu.tLons "Itl>out o.her probh ••. 7l of ...,the" vith youn9 chlldun .... re

d.pr .... d "hlle n of those .. !thou. chlldron _re

d.pr .... d. whe .. oth.,r str .... on .. ere in nln.nce. 17' of

_n .. ltho"t children. and U, with chlld«n. wu.

d.pr .... d. IIhH@ e~ldene~ cn the hveh of depr ... lon ot

"".n ... "lth YO""9 children In Inlond I. not available. ,he on. year pHlod prevalence of dOpr ... lon In ,h. 1~_6, .g. group of "rbon Wollen I. 17 9' (Clury, 19861.

Wo.en In 'he role of coring for ch!!dron ore U""ly .0 (ed

.lgnllle.nUy 110". ,un dovn and Uud thon .on (GOYS ond

Hugh .. , 1979\ but .ou oUen ull-•• dleo.ed fer phyolc~1

hulth proble .. slnee th~y continue to be ulled upCn In

tho hou .. hold .. lien sld (LH ... n, 19711. TII ..... Oftn are

11'0 1 .. & lIbly to 5eek .edl".l "elD for poyeholeqlcd proble .. (Goldberg, ~ .. ye and -rno.p.on. U16\.

Tho health probl ... of .. o ... rn take thol, toll o~ children

'00. "-pr .... d vo.on ore lou IIhly to Inltlel. or

oncouro9. conv .... tlon In young children !hckerlng. ~jll •. Co. u<l Pound, 1905). Acddont. to children or. ""r.

CO"'on In fo.llI .. wh .. re the ..,ther hu p"vcMloglcol probluo, the ratio. being ~.~,j for lo ... r clu. nnd $:

for .Iddl" clA .. hlllllu (8'OWnO ond D •• ld."n. I~"O).

Lower ch .. f •• illes hove ~.6 UOIU u .. ny oecld.nt. &0

,h.ir .iddl. cl ... coun,@rput. geneully. refl.etlng the

high .. hvolo of •• ruo In I""", d ... 1 •• 111 ..... n

without .. urna! poychol<><;l!cal proble... Th. ~utnor. here

poln. to the uonuct!onal "ot" .. of 01 .. ,

P.ychopothol .... y/.cdd .. n. rohti""ohlp ''''19utlng .hat

Incr ... "d ocddo .. t •• ~e no. just due '0 lod 01 .uptlryloion

but duo aho to cha"ge. in the behnlour 01 .110 child In

rupon .. to a dloturb .. d .other. In •• dlc.1 toru .other.

en P.vchotroplc dru95 aloo ha ... children wIth IOOre

reoplratory Illne .. consultationo '0 th~ G~ 1~0"1~ and

51~9, 1980). S ..... in th~ f .. lly gen.rally ~~. ~I.o b~~n

oho"n tc give rh. to streptococcal ,.<oat In(nctleno in

~rl"

_ H7 •

"<JU'. 1,1 hU...,. "" _pHd doctor. 01 I ... __ ,H)' DC

, .. UoUI .. ltll .~~t .. 109J' 01 .. ooy c .. lld •• n

"

2 3 • S 6

••• ·.HQIQIUI """,

...... -"" .. _rlt, of Sl'lOl>"_tolO9Y

011 lnltld Iywptoa u.llnoU"". <io<:tou rHlnq ,"" ... 4lrol .y.pt_t01O<JY of cM Id .. " c~n .. d _ thl hi,,, IndO of

rlpOrtod w,,"'Un, I" chIU •• " Ind .. p ..... d th oplnl"" th.' luch roportin9 I. c_ but no .... lly U o .... utl ... lo .. ot thl __ un' 0 1 !IuLd 10lt by children. " "",VI' to. p .... n<

",,'po ... dOctor. 'ltld the oyoptOI' ... ccur.... Thl' ... nl

ohl lhl p'o!lle. on ,'gur. l.1 do <llhet Ih. rohUu

."'ltIO,,"hlp. o f h"'pltal 104 100_ .. ~l .. on ... dlul

.yap ..... but ...... 101 aetuII .. led for hOlplUlluUon 10'

,u ..... "t .. ltll. In het ut In" .. , bo' Ili,htly bI.nd 10 lh. (It •• eU,,,, o f •• <1"9 hOlplUlhod nu. _r ... ".uly

IlncI U\ 01 11> ....... u. 15\ o f "- CI.O potL""I .. po r'''''

.... llI..., oil 01 ,h.h !Iuldl. '"'" .toll.<lty 01 ,.""po thU d .. plU this ,.fI.c .. .!l tJI. _._ 'hi IdeMlul ,..,,,,. 01

u •• , .... _Multi. p.obhq 01 ho.plUI aIM! h .... cln

child ..... '"'''s, 11 _Iell beto ........ the only <.\tod"" of "".plt.l Idol .. lo" 10. ,OIt<""nterltlo ... ~h ehllll 1ft ,Mo

otudy eould hove lieu u •• d 10 ••• h~ ...

_ 1)5 -

Table '.1 ... _1-. p.obl_ \belle' .. ,U.,,_ ...... _It\ftql 01 cM I,,,,.

_InK to ..... pl'd (or opn • .,.nlulth

,~.

Nowt .. ,1'1

n.~ .. t~<./U.TI IIIl" dohy",.,.IOft

-UI," dohydro.lo" .... 4.'11 ... dohyduUon

"IV .. udod"

con.\llolono

11 _ 1.

,.,,,.n.I,_ of Child ... .. • • ,

n. ... p'obl ........ noted by ..... c.!n.l",) """.0<. "", .. "".plulln" 0II1y _ <:I>tld 01 ..... nty ,10 ,_1 .. 6

Int<.~.n ..... tr ..... nO .. Ith On. oth .. child booln, bordorllne.

lIo.plUllud "bUdren .~nl .n IYOU9' 01 6.l dlyl In

hooplul Ir.n~ I_nl. 14' of chlld,o" _r. h".. .. Ithln unn

""y' Ind 'U .,ltMn loun .. " "oy •. Th ... "Mldr~n ..... "he .... ,_" frOI ho.pHII by po.enu ".Inn ... 41"81 Idvl".,

0"0 oh ........ ,h .. ,d.I .. lon. SiA chlld.o" ... ,". 0100

dl.chl.,I" ... Iy Icco.dl09 to ""'101 ut '""o,d.. ",11 .... ,o .. l.olly Oft the .. ""ut 01 PII •• nu to be 111_ to contl"ue uhf<lutlotl It 1'1_. 'In chLldrn ..... dUII_ lon,o •• u"

.... nee .... " ("'. t ... cl .... n~. of q .. t< ... "U<lth .... Ieh

.nullO;! 1ft ""."l .. " .. t<. hO'plUl _ .s.,. (". the .. live

~hlld •• ". Clt.Il<l<ell .... ,. detelMd bee.u •• or nd"", dLtu .... ltl .. III tile "- Ilt .. U .....

- HI -TIIo •• I. ~o dltt.,.ne. In tbo I.voh 01 occ ... to ""oplul to, the "".pltol ..... _ un ...,tI.l .... -..ld be .. ~,:t"

In thlo ... ben _apl.. It I. _ ...... ""t_.thy .hot In thh ... ben ..... 1., _ IIv ... UIU.o alto •• t u. • .,n 1< .... tho

hOlplUl, JO\ 01 bOth g'''''P' dld,--,Id 11 .... It V'O'y dIHI ... lt to , .. to t/to ""'.plt.l In ....... Itt"". ",",. _ ......... Ip

.110) , .... 'c.t'ng thot ... tho .. ,",,0 did .... v. cMld •• n

hOlpltdhO'd t ........ H "" .. dHllcult to p.oy 10. tunlpo" to

th. hOlpl.ol thU _Id "".ho •• 01 "- CO" chlid ... n. In

'M. ' .. poet _c, 1>0.0 n •• ootlt ... 10,<1 holly cu, thOn did

hO'plt.1 cor ..... tb ... (S. u. lit, p •. O!!.

1..- g.n ... 1 .h"ocu<l,tI •• of the t .... g'o .. p' 01 to_lIln

'" ~"" di>lcr'bod.

146 -

Qu .. tion~6 op~cHleally .bout their relotlon.hlpo "lth their

nel9hbouro 2H ot hOlplUI ta,. and 8\ of hOIl, to<e lIoth~rs

'''pOrhd bol"9 on bad U'II' with, 0' not IIld"9, .. lth their nelqhbouu (p .ODt),

" ... ntlon 10 now focused On upect. of the young child In the

ra .. Uy conte.t.

1.4.d. Gon ... l ...... Ily I:n~ho .... nt Of Oildr.n

Thon ... n no dIH .. onc .. ~ In .h. cltewouoncu Ot 'h~

p,egnoncy and birth for the t~o ,roup. of oo.h .. o. Th.

nu.b.r. Cf proqMndeo .. onto<l. the tloln9 of .ho proqnanoy.

Mtltudu to the pregnanoy .nd birth. ond tho .hdng of

ootho<" fir" conuct with tholr ohlld,on wero doll .. (et

both troupo. Support froa loth«" and 001"rations of ooth~r and child In tho [!r£t IIOnth we .. the .aM fa. the ''fO 9'OUpo. fOr ex •• plo. 250\ and 21\ of hOlpl.ol .nd h .... 00.0 oother. did not "hh to be pregnnt a, the .... t>t concoptlon. 81 and 7U ,upectlvely _r. happy with ,h .. 1t

P"9naney oveuU .. d 81 and 89\ of father. ".r.

IUpport!v"'''try lupportlve n the blnh of lM bIoby.

Th. n_r of und.r .... lqht I>ohl .. no .... 1I and " .. oiothr in

both ,roup' I~ _ 1 for ho.plUI 9'OUP. olld N • 5 f a . "_ ,rOUp) "hU. thor" wu a .Uqht tendency In tha <llrecllon of

.o.e hQII. cor. b.bha beln9 born pr"""tur.ly Inine ~o.~ e~,. v."u • • h<eo noopl .. l to.<~. I' _ .071).

Br" .. t re.dlnq

followln9 birth the,,, we .. sI9nlflcent dill.renu. I" 10v~J.

and duration of br.ut fewdln9 fa. lhe two ,roup. 01

Chlld.on. ho •• co •• cnlldr.n beln, buut fod _re olto .. and

for a lon90< pe.lod II' _ .oot). ubh ).16 Ih.,... ,h ...

patto'rlo.

• IU_

TII' loyoh of 1_~h .. l_ for tk , .... ~.oup. <>1 rhll,h ....

lo f 010110' .'u, • - to.l, SI) •• 1 101 _p.tol u ••• 1Od.

1,.1. '" I.t 10. "- core ,,_"1 _. 'l,nlll'U\ly 1_, fo lho ..... ph 1 , • cor, ''''''p lp •• OHI. l.oty,1o ., l-.onl ... IO<\ ,,, ~ .. .... 0 1 c~lld ...... , .~ ....... " TaJol, 1.11.

nbl , 1.11 ,",yoh 01 l_nh.Uan ,., ho.plUI ..... _ CO" g.O\I~

I_mutton UN' ~SIIlUL ". .. " ... , , le, blro ... 'II' I .on.1IS ~ •

.) 1 Or 2:1 . , Defo ... •• S .... tlI • • • . - . - " Der ...... 1 D'It/IS " ~ . . . . " Der" ... IL ..,tlIS " " ·.nLts bI'o ... • '" la -ontiI1. " " , .

It> L_utlon. " ,

" TIHo 0,. 1I.lt 011_ I .. thl • .,wly 100101' chll."," wo ••

I',ord.d ....... ~I..., I_hod h .. Iul .... ly .,. .... , .....

..... 1 .. I ..... nh.tlon I. 'oc_""ed .. ..,.. Bloww" _.h .. CllII.I<.n ..... nOt e_tod .. l.ul"9 oh •• d 'h,1< _001 ••

1010c\lon .. ntil ,bor ... "Md .,. ol,M .... _th.. "'10 vU to 011_ to, ._ tiN l.tlt",o t •• "bo ......... f .....

In"""ln, to p,owlde ,,," oppfopflo" ,_loo" ... I .. Chlld .. o. lI,nlll"oot dlll ..... c .. In 1-."loo,l<,n 1.~.I. cl<>

""" nlo, in ,bo !In. d. _thl of OM IIvu nl I'" 1_ "OUIII of chlldf'" but diU .. ,"" .. 11«1 ...... I\h 1._ .... _.n

the t .... """po .tt .. thlo ..... Th, "pu.~ .. 1 oe .•• \. ~ l_nlu.IO" In the _ co .... ",,10 I~J'I .>&.,".,.. ......... "h

uti ..... or tbo ,o"oul ,,_Itr UVU~. "I '.G' Iftol",..'.

1911). fony.wo PO f cont of "".plt.1 M<1 11\ nf h·· .. ·• .'.,. I!Oth, .. ,y," cl>lldhood Illn ..... I ....... ,In , •• ~, " ..... ~~.

_ ISO -

av.1I1 .. , of I_nl •• Uon ,uudly 0' • po<lhuh,

l_hotlOll. "vlO'o.n P'" c@nt 117\1 of h,,_ ra, ...........

"o~ uollla, of t_ntuU"" ,oport.<I f ..... thllr tu_ 0,

<11<1 H ot "".pIUI eo .. _thro. U.v." por ".M III',.r ..... pIUI Co" .. th ... ,,,,".oto<l II.corr.~lIr) tll .. , .... c.u •

.... too r-<>, for the I_ohotlo" _,10<1. """1 .... t ... .. _Ye< did IIOt atUc"l.t .......... for not ayalll"".r 1_"lutl""o. n_._nt In t .... of t~. 9"'<" .. 01 boh.vlou. Ind ".peu .. "t 01 ,·hlL~, ...

th ...... f. no ,roup dlft ... ne .. In e'1109. 'u'"n~ M" .I"pl", ".obh •• "",.n th ... child .. " .. ,. yo"n~ l~n.I .. , .10 .... "th.oldl ...... IY ••• " af 16\ of tho to_Ill .. had 1'",1>1_ ot c'yin, I" th ... child .. ", Il' b.d hodlnq pr~M~ .. _ It, had .1"1'1", 1'<01>10 •.

- .. of ... Iou. '~CI_" .aCOUot",od by child .. " ,"d _

dUf., •• ,0 .. ,rou"". TI>e .. we ••• h' .... '"ch •• doto-.... 10< ""'pltol ......... u. far _ eo .. child.... ""'1'110) .... chll<l.u _re oI,nU •• "Uy .., ... ctln tll.., I"''' 11_ CO"

CO"", .. ",, ... II' •• OH. n.. .. ver. no ''''''1' dlfh.~nr ... ,_ oth.r .. _r_nUI ch ... c",lotlc. of _ 0. "']Optohll,"

or In chlld,,"'o boh ... I"""I/blol09'<:al ,,~~I~t\ly. '" ... th··.·"" ... 1I ...... _nt of "_pUG_nt ,h ... W.," • "e ....

h .... OY., I. ,lie direction of ho,pltl' co, •• n'h~,o ,.,1""

tb.1r child" ...... 1., to ... no~. Iho" did h" .. e .. ~ ... th ... , HI of hO'pIUI "0" ond lU 01 h_ c~ .. .at,... •• found th.l, cbltd of OUllr tho .. n .. oql ........... "t to -",,0 (I' •. 0661.

"1.U"""'I~ All but H of ""'plt.1 co ..... tbor. utod tb.I< .. ,lotl_",I" .. lth thlit child .. bot ... than ..... t .. 1 M ...... v •• Ih ... _ •

... "" I .. th. dl .. ~tL"" of "- c ... .... t"' .. h.vl"~ , ... n.'

.. hUo.ohlp. "Ith thOI' cMI<I, 91 ¥ ... ". 81\ h." ....... ~,'

.,- "Iou"",hlp. (p •. O~H .• ~,.n"MhJr •. ,f I.,'h.", .... ,.

'hll' child". "0" Ih ..... fa, , .... t ... , """"'., "' .. ,,' .,'

at hOlplU] ."d h_ u.~ father8 .... vl""' "."., '" .... 'V .... -1 .. olotloll.hlp. "Lth th.lt cbi Id •••.

_ 151

_ ,h. _~h' poo«olnhg ,0 pU9,.anq, chlldbh'h.nd ,;hll,1

...... Tb ........ Itla,", , •• ftd h"""~'" Lp - .O~) In''''' dl •• <:<lon 01 ... r. _ ca •• lIO,hol. , .. .,1"9 1I •••• c _

__ I .. ID , ... '1 .. 1.11 _enloo .~r •• ~ .. <I.. -,--

.. bI .. •• In bet ol ... ot .11 .M _

till. _un to.,! ,.ad,{ .... d It \9UI.

c. ..... U''''' ,.c~hl"" ,,,,,,,Id ... _ ••

'hll<l •• dth Id"".olon .urn .. bOOU" ',hy It u,." , ... d"

'hIt OfIly 21 01 ,h ... ..,th ••• Md Iun thll bo<>U.t ,.".

opinion. 01 'ha ... ,h ... In 90nHOl on lh. ''''' huhh .d"utlon bOOkl ... which .. I .. Id.lr c!tcul.Ud In 1"'11".101

cu. ara O\l'lInod In Ubh 1.20. 110.< .0,11 ... 0 l.c~lvLn', I.,,~

publlcltlon. ".r. convlne"" o~ 'hair " •• 1"1,, .... ,

n bl . ).20 u .. by _th ... of Hu l th &d .. " ... "" DUna ..

uo.d l "" _ led.l .... pr."".nc,..nd child c • • •

= ~ ••• m '80::10* of tIIIt OIL Id"

"f _ _ _ .. '

ilrIlnion ttJ",lUL - IlClso>l UI

~"' Clr40S ClI"I~

Bookl .. : M' ,..e.l ... " " " » M' "~ " " " , .. 'nu'" , .. ,

~ .. PlOt UMfu! , .. .. dl"1911t " " " - " " • "'~,~ " " •

~ 152 .

OpiM"" •• _ ... pec •• of baby Cl ...... ~ qu., L." I" ....

.. udy. Uble l.U IIh.trlles t~ ...... h~.~' ~,.... ,~ ...

.... r. no .'~nL[lun. dlfferenu. In ,,,,11.1. on 8~~~' ,h •

•• ven .. ~cu quuLod.

-Cltt ,

• • , • " " "

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