+ All Categories
Home > Documents > 9Mpweb.sophia.ac.jp/oka/papers/85/ma_3.pdf · C -r: , , , s 3, < A. , ' k )I . { (**) . ...

9Mpweb.sophia.ac.jp/oka/papers/85/ma_3.pdf · C -r: , , , s 3, < A. , ' k )I . { (**) . ...

Date post: 03-Mar-2019
Category:
Upload: dangthu
View: 215 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
11
1 - 1 . $Fk-&?!, +i3k#a>z.-2a>9 4 7f. 1-0 ~JW~FA~II~, ~ P Y S ~ s ~~rarn~a>wa~w,~~-~~\-c, RE m At S HGl-3,Irl~!a)JFQ$flk~)$~Tk\b h i It!,!ikb13\6 Lhtb:k\ . Lax L tti~:b , +*~I;r;~lllbJs\C~i%b-C856. $P1%t S HGM!@fea>$@f&%)$-b. a& @ A h S H GI&R~~a>dPk'&PkQI.$-,Tb\ba>~;kb . a -r , -t'r-1~j~a>);$.~~atta>a>~1.3; . IWRM F-!.%mrz#gs &tzwsr:litl j k \ k '\%Pji!! J t w A T ~ ~ $ Q,a)Thb . -5tzIt34LT . SHGa>H?%%f% 1-3,. efie~l_,a>s~1rt~3b\~=,3~fiacta~~r3tr)_tr:~~t~ r) , a %I& J k)f~ht(tk\k\)ta)~'di,&"'. 'kt3F~~f!kI~~~~T~~~Jla>~ t:t:ik\k&. -ttc)sh, B&-RAt a># &&tfif4FJf.i%I-S;' ~BB%!MJ t66a>Tih&a>It$4LT, SHGL:a>?&&&b!l148M 1% ' B@WJ J tb+ba>T&b. 'rd5~@hfi\kkAIk, rR?k@mL-c 9R%, Zfia>AhB$Z t I & T d .tb:b\fis, k'a>SHGa>@@JtlQir3.66l&s #GZtfi~T&b. c \ b \ m ~ ~ z , s H G ~ B I B ~ ~ I ~ , srnsa>*&L: FJ \: < fiat^ , BE wo A~>+~LI: mil ~;3~23t+w~-;>~a>-cit~513$, a or,xez~zt\it~z, smsu) F!I.P%t!~*%%Ctjr;f LTI* , R~%@J+T%%~ , %% RAh~F%;)RW3B2&%I: $! LT C& ,3!!~tY~;IP&~~4%9a>-Ti66. ZtzQW5-%t~I.JtTtWa>k 5 ftb: aiZ55. -@pg~ ---- BWS *tat% - RWi!! -- ' SHG Y&.lF!t% -- I- - slF 2 iR rk -C 3FHRtk --- %!l%*W9A -2- l-O.SHGa>@lJba>&~&rcb~~a>#f$ m.3; s~~u)titm~1~~-wa~a>t: LT , ~ma,-~~+~+eh;k~.~tk\)r~~ 3. Vk_-;>I& .~~~/L?&~,-k;)b:h'bSHGa>$>/~-I;t;~&I2btbk\~$~(I(% bA,i:%LLk&;#1?Ft8561b\i Z LTihi5. ~{$~T%.381f$~~&3eIk;t;b\ L , K%)rAU~L:Ir~-,ItkTfNd%4,tb:C~. ~WTh63;h~~~T&5i13~, h ik I;-Ck\hIi!b\~T%Milb@ 31-fbL )rjiit& & . @ - $ & I t , $UbJiris@A n\ba>mrtwlgi;kt&d:3tb3t2t$~, SHGa>j '//~-ij\[email protected] ?tk'3ZkTih5. 6 3'0.)I-;>a>$$+!kCk, rVdBl~lzW#-6 r%Bifl J L: &$dB 4,a>th&. 9 * r) S HGa>$ >I(-ft'bI;tr, Elfik.ba>%&2!L: Y)~--Ia>@jQ@ijliLT, I:iJH J I:fRl-d-&?G < a > b & k @ h ? 7 3 b ' 5 L k\i z LT&& . Gat-1.- fza>$rJ ~i~n ~n\t-, , ~~1t'di,.a~~);iu39aa>~ma~ LL\WXL', smenAnsla t A,P $ilbtb:b\hi'tb~ L @ , S H G a > 9 ~/(-C;t;%3Tk\6a>-~&&. t a> k 3 C r s H ~o>B@~a>=~a,&*#~$$R%%%*h-ktz, ~~P9+H&E AaOAk%a>aVJk < bd'Ta>SHGa>@@~@#fl13<flJI;ji\C~;t;-,T (6. -€tz &M%$tLlf[, Ffetla)3:iILCf5. <*a%> %A% < 2>-#+% > SBM Efi ryJ G47 SHG <3FQ&@> St&-RA
Transcript

1 - 1 . $Fk-&?!, +i3k#a>z.-2a>9 4 7 f .

1-0 ~ J W ~ F A ~ I I ~ , ~ P Y S ~ s ~ ~ r a r n ~ a > w a ~ w , ~ ~ - ~ ~ \ - c , RE m A t S H G l - 3 , I r l ~ ! a ) J F Q $ f l k ~ ) $ ~ T k \ b h i It!,!ikb13\6 L h t b : k \ . Lax L

t t i ~ : b , + * ~ I ; r ; ~ l l l b J s \ C ~ i % b - C 8 5 6 . $P1%t S HGM!@fea>$@f&%)$-b.

a& @ A h S H GI&R~~a>dPk'&PkQI.$-,Tb\ba>~;kb . a -r , -t'r-1~j~a>);$.~~atta>a>~1.3; . IWRM F-!.%mrz#gs &tzwsr:litl

j k \ k '\%Pji!! J t w A T ~ ~ $ Q,a)Thb . - 5 t z I t 3 4 L T . S H G a > H ? % % f %

1 - 3 , . e f i e ~ l _ , a > s ~ 1 r t ~ 3 b \ ~ = , 3 ~ f i a c t a ~ ~ r 3 t r ) _ t r : ~ ~ t ~ & ~ a > ~ ~ r) , a %I& J k ) f ~ h t ( t k \ k \ ) t a ) ~ ' d i , & " ' .

' k t 3 F ~ ~ f ! k I ~ ~ ~ ~ T ~ ~ ~ J l a > ~ t : t : i k \ k & . - t t c ) sh , B & - R A t a># &&tfif4FJf.i%I-S;' ~BB%!MJ t 6 6 a > T i h & a > I t $ 4 L T , SHGL:a>?&&&b!l148M

1% ' B@WJ J t b + b a > T & b . ' r d 5 ~ @ h f i \ k k A I k , rR?k@mL-c 9 R % , Z f i a > A h B $ Z t I & T d .tb:b\fis, k'a>SHGa>@@JtlQir3.66l&s

# G Z t f i ~ T & b .

c \ b \ m ~ ~ z , s H G ~ B I B ~ ~ I ~ , srnsa>*&L: FJ \: < fiat^ , BE wo A ~ > + ~ L I : m i l ~ ; 3 ~ 2 3 t + w ~ - ; > ~ a > - c i t ~ 5 1 3 $ , a o r , x e z ~ z t \ i t ~ z , smsu) F!I.P%t!~*%%Ctjr;f LTI* , R ~ % @ J + T % % ~ , %% RAh~F%;)RW3B2&%I:

$! L T C& , 3 ! ! ~ t Y ~ ; I P & ~ ~ 4 % 9 a > - T i 6 6 . Z t z Q W 5 - % t ~ I . J t T t W a > k 5 ftb:

a i Z 5 5 . - @ p g ~ ---- BWS

*tat% - RWi!! -- ' S H G

Y&.lF!t% -- I- -

slF 2 iR rk -C 3FHRtk --- %!l%*W9A -2-

l - O . S H G a > @ l J b a > & ~ & r c b ~ ~ a > # f $

m.3; s ~ ~ u ) t i t m ~ 1 ~ ~ - w a ~ a > t : L T , ~ m a , - ~ ~ + ~ + e h ; k ~ . ~ t k \ ) r ~ ~

3 .

Vk_-;>I& . ~ ~ ~ / L ? & ~ , - k ; ) b : h ' b S H G a > $ > / ~ - I ; t ; ~ & I 2 b t b k \ ~ $ ~ ( I ( %

b A , i : % L L k & ; # 1 ? F t 8 5 6 1 b \ i Z LTihi5 . ~{$~T%.381f$~~&3eIk; t ;b\

L , K%)rAU~L:Ir~-,ItkTfNd%4,tb:C~. ~ W T h 6 3 ; h ~ ~ ~ T & 5 i 1 3 ~ , h ik I ; - C k \ h I i ! b \ ~ T % M i l b @ 31-fbL ) r j i i t & & . @ - $ & I t , $UbJiris@A

n\ba>mrtwlgi;kt&d:3tb3t2t$~, S H G a > j ' / /~ - i j \b I~@I l f i .3813ISb-h

? t k ' 3 Z k T i h 5 .

6 3'0.)I-;>a>$$+!kCk, r V d B l ~ l z W # - 6 r%Bif l J L: & $ d B 4 , a > t h & . 9

* r) S H G a > $ > I ( - f t ' b I ; t r , Elfik.ba>%&2!L: Y ) ~ - - I a > @ j Q @ i j l i L T ,

I:iJH J I:fRl-d-&?G < a > b & k @ h ? 7 3 b ' 5 L k \ i z L T & & . Gat-1.- fza>$rJ ~ i ~ n ~ n \ t - , , ~ ~ 1 t ' d i , . a ~ ~ ) ; i u 3 9 a a > ~ m a ~ LL \WXL ' , s m e n A n s l a t A,P

$ i l b t b : b \ h i ' t b ~ L @ , S H G a > 9 ~ / ( - C ; t ; % 3 T k \ 6 a > - ~ & & .

t a> k 3 Cr s H ~o>B@~a>=~a ,&*#~$$R%%%*h-k t z , ~ ~ P 9 + H & E AaOAk%a>aVJk < bd'Ta>SHGa>@@~@#fl13<f lJI; j i \C~;t ; - ,T ( 6 . -€tz

& M % $ t L l f [ , F f e t l a ) 3 : i I L C f 5 .

<*a%>

%A%

< 2>-#+% >

SBM Efi ryJ G47

S H G

<3FQ&@>

S t & - R A

2 - 1 . d F 2 & B I z & + < 3&rn%B : El R % . S H Ga>fillha>&*EJVk#$2)a> k -3T8 6 g t f i & # I E E 3 b r k - f J & B ~ % f k @

' Z ~ t T k ~ @ r ~ ' ~ m a > 8 ~ & ~ k ~ h ~ $ ; $ k b \ . '@@JQ)a>#!kj i ik29

a > ~ g n \ c > ~ ~ ~ t ~ t t k ~ r ~ ~ f i a . ; f a , 2 - m g % k t ~ ,

( 1 > ;FqAl~OfiI!j%# (availability)

( 2 1 $4fHa>#RER (duration) @ 6' 5 . ( l > Q I I % Y k 1: lk , S H Ga))afa)lfii , Bfl"1a>a,)ariV~ k, t i %fit,-C ' gf$U$M J

ma,rlBtu,tt<, mm&-kc3, m i f f i 3 7 2 + ~ 1 & ~ ~ $ r m w t t < , r ~ a J a > z k l ~ ~ b % 5 r % 3 - B - ~ ) I t b < ~ ~ ~ i ; k l l J f i - C t a : t v , \ j ( a ) .

- 3 -

&*@Jf%&

l-lt2a>Wihi I-

%&tBMiG

IN 6% FJ flu Eii

4lr: &fk ( informelity )

El %!%

$4 %

$i afk (expertise)

*Bfk

Ilk%%

%%4Lfk

a jftJ:E%f!k

2 - 3 dFIL?-d=fli ; t i&f%iP( - t i l z&5b~ t t f i&@$.);B :

JI'5:Wk h . f i f k ~ h l : & 3 ~ ~ k t j @ m ~ % ~ , z z -era . tlrrg~a$#fit L T L b A . I L C k \ . @LYJa>&$$%lk , @)&I t$ biz 2 ~ ~ > B % I z ~ I J . t e k a k 9 M L e - k k b k i IZ!,L!hhh . 3.t 2 2 m @ % k I$-#-&h !, . ( 1 > I;[ttfia>%M# ( f l e x i b i l i t y )

( 2 ) ' b ~ l ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ - @ & & ~ t % f t ! l ~ ~ (comprehensive perspec t ive ) 3 . (l)a>Z4!k?kt lk , -&I: . &~D~'t3Rt&flt7l:$!l b t % k f i & V - f x l:34 L

T . $ 7 ~9 1) -rb:SiI$&iZhh,-Y- ~'zcT)$$@~ ~ - c & ' , ( - P b t % - ~ b b & a 5 m m u

k . ~F/k \~ f i~ I~@T%i&;t - ,hb@iB~d i . %&+f&l:#j b k & m - c & & z k 1-3; ~ + & T ( G & C ~ Z k - ~ h 6 ( ~ ~ ) .

L h b % , ~ ~ > S H G ~ > @ I P J ~ > % ~ ~ ~ ~ . F l C M & @ & - k % E t f f i s b $ \ 6 F

I ) ' / . - b t b : = - X @ 4 , L 7 1 3 \ r ) k E @ L T f 4 % L d : i t 7 t - & % a ) ~ 2 C j b . S H

G ~ > B % ~ J ~ > ~ , T Z & # I * , Egt-Fb%lAB8fi$hB%tl2th,EFJC#R& L

T 8 kkbb~Cb;&ClC~$f;.3T~I~?l131$S~Tb\b.lc,& r 17 - -X taa&i# i f i - #

t ih 5 not und Tat s i n d aus cincm GUS) L b \ i * f & & q f & l t $ -tt 6 %@T rn a ( 8 1 ) .

(2)a)agmw 13 . -emmirraraJmeam--iafi iii m k i i a w r z r.iE!x#~JOtlidi , ;1~ 9 Y-t? 7 - r c ~ . r ~ - c c a f c ~ m i a f i 1 rt ~ f i ~ i r j ~ ~ 1 - c ~ t b t m r t

34 L T . s H G a , B W ~ l & 3 a > ~ 7 4 B ~ a , + . . c - c m M f i * $ $ & k t-ctla r k ~ &

6 . Robinson a ) 8 : 4 % @ f E 9 h 1 2 1 ? S HGlCa BElkYZk L T % k r b & - C k b b I b m , - (what is thought t o be t h e problem) @ H a t : t k t \ i h b l, 6 $

>/i-hir&j]IElik, L T ) $ 9 ' r b b b % a > - % & ~ ~ ( w h a t e v a r t h e member has a s h i s

prob lerns )Q&h 5 t L L b b b a ) - t & 5'"'. Z a)& 3 ttik?&a)+f4(~ h k bIZ;

L \ ' ~ ~ J % J M & ~ S H Ga>Mt@~YJ-hjctm34@ t ~ - c $ f - , t k r i z t ra , %mrt I- rin Bi k, JtIz -:-t-V9Q$F'd!k?ii ;f; - r b \ 6 $i:f 3fiiBrPj.g- (I L -ch\h\;t) 5 1: b b 3 z t: ?E 6 7 - C L " C $ J 8 3 T ~ % T ; k 5 lZ -b$jb\&bb . :@[email protected] tf t : ; ( 1 ( J f % - & 2-#$&%

4t= .f)fl: L T C ~ < k 3 , S H G C D Z ~ ) ~ ; i t s r f 1 8 ~ ~ a & B f 6 ~ l l l @ ( 1 s ' r a . 3gs -5-

2 - 4 , JF%&fl: * , % ? ~ ~ 3 l z ~ 5 b ~ 7 ~ m f l t t ~ ~ % ~ k : 9kEtk

3P2\A# t + % % c & 5 b b k M Q O 9 4 f $ & Z Z T I 3 ' B@J~)%!&% J t: Biz b ? ~ t G L k b ~ . M M ~ ~ ) R ~ B t I ~ , 3 3 2 - C 4 , t b < ,)%t@JBa%t%@JS *

naatmner:afi\ts#gfit%ca: t * b \ i m f h i . . t& ia$ bs=-m@ g C r 9 t ( . f b z k h < a 7 @ E 3 5 . $ - t 6 & 3 ,

1 ) A & frfi 4 pk ( pcrsonal involvement)

2 ) rfl (6 Jf;. @ Yk ( i d c n t i f i c a t i o n resonance )

tl)a>A&ntllN')fit Ik. @oJI -Tt ,%t i ! f l ? - d t a>MI~ffi#t%3 r a r Y -

9 e >YJ-hif&fLLTbb6Z k e b b 3 . J.Mehr k ~ k t % I f , Z a ) A # m m ! F % ( in -

vo1verncnt)ItY. ( Q S I . I G K R ~ ~ . L T H ~ ~ ' L B ~ B O U ~ ? ~ h % ( ' ~ ' . $ b

1 R.Steinman bE3 : tLMI . S H G l 2 ' 157@l:@&#Bt&Ef%Lk9I)W&Lk

? $ a ? ~ n m f @ t L r n . & a n ~ k ' z ~ ~ m % a ) ~ P 7 h c ~ ~ @ 3 ; r ) B h # ~ IN$thm-jjcr 0 ~ s i x i g B a a v r v a m - c ~ ~ ~ ~ ' .

m m r i 4 W @ f i g B t i i , W C # U & L ~ e k t b b 3 1: z . 3 f i i b < birtfIflB%k & # 9 k4kk!$f!i: & b \ i . (UmA.#cbtlM4-i%d~ S H G P~mAR980i%a) '3B2&tZ~

EI g ~ + ~ ' r b \ a b ~ ~ h a t ~ n i g . (amrnmwtatZc1ci. IJICBW ~ - c e k z t ~ ~ a ~ % ~ g ~ E L ? ~ S < ~ m ~ h b t r , ~ k ~ 3 . A . A V O ~ ~

b 0 l C . b 3 i d e n t i f i c a t i o n resonance , : L T b \ i ~RI?~~6%fia>a(Ik~~ts

3 f t ~ - YYr1 -t? %I: ;#1W-d-b~dF ,3 3'"'. h 6 # ~ ~ f i i b \ 3 K D . ~ ~ & T I ~ ~ < ' G ~ ~ L ~ ~ , G ~ ~ L ~ ~ A ~ G ~ ~

z f d $ l f i ~ t % & . H b \ E # % $ L h b \ t t & i b k b 3 L A + , k b 3 L k + 1 2 3 5

m T h 6 . k h t x F l C # W T , W C & i R A 8 - ; L . b b 2 M C A 5 t b % g * 4 T t &

W l , - C b b a a E . X b ~ C m C L 5 t 6 & & & L T $ k m r L L k \ i t )r &it?iEtb r t e 2 -r , ~hzcfWt3f t b ~ i ~ # % ~ ~ ~ ~ t % a . brj&S%.%la tB#A

l Z k G T % h b h h , . N & i x H A , @ C e . Y ) L $ I ~ H ~ & Y @ T ~ * J ~ ~ ~ ~ .

n W m f i m k w , s H G W Y I ~ - E J ~ X ~ B ~ R E W - ~ Z t i z a 5 3 2 ~ ~ i . a a >

T&&.

6' &%%&f&k I$ , ~ ~ L ~ J ~ ~ ~ . ) & & I Z I ~ ~ ] I I $ ~ Z ~ > J J & G4,-9-ka L: & ; % I % - # - &

Gar tncr b 2 3 L k S H G a> @ I ~ J a>flfl ifii % empowering dimension k Rg A/-Tf & \ & ( ' a ' . % > / < - f c , b b $ , s 13 G ~ > $ & ~ J I Z 3 3-c f i ~ ) - ' ~ a > r ~ J ~ ~ @ - # ' a

Z LjJ f -C$ & m t h & . ' e&r%TS 1 J ' @ , f ~ s j I ; t , ~ j j ~ l ~ ; t d : k \ J k b b i ,I;

3 i: 1'1 M k f i !/i & -b KI h 6 a> -rt 81 6 . 2 -3 L ikfZt1Y~cr>&~i)~&fk& . ~ , ( . 3 : & a > - ~ 7 a > @ % I ~ . f ) R r l L k b b . -4-./k\.t-,'5 ,

1 > r~ tii%aa+t'k 2 > $1: 52 z iL& r;i~ ?k .

<l>a) WZi%i%llf%?k k la , %ifsl%f%xflf-Cj&4.: k k 6 3 a> fia{ifi%&j13RJ

k ,;11kbRji@&i(k 6 . 9 3 0 . Q;!Jrd1%(self-imagc)&$i:~ftjtd:$a>&\ b.RE(& t d : % m - k a A . T k b < L k j J i , Z C T k \ 3 ~ E ! ~ ~ ~ - @ i ' # i & O ) - C & & . -$*&b

'!, , %3U'i';!f%lk ' r]&$&tbh/:v J &m-Clf Q ( ' J td:a>'Th Q . m$f%i$ ' - f 9 . 0 > A ; L J l'sa>'Tiil's ( ' h f i l b Lk\hf;{j ' r s a > T h b . ;%15)lj3-&Tk\fch

13; 1'15JjJfr RBLk~AlilJ J t d : a > ~ l f & L ~ & < , @ L 3 ' + ~ ~ ~ & c I ~ & ~ ( - ) . - c c . \

B%!fdi;If% J - C h i 5 ,? 2 lrtXfii{t < a>-cA& . D. Robinson S H C a) 3 3 b \ 9 k 3 & 'm % @ d k ~ ( d e ~ t i ~ m a t i z a t i o n ) k

Wh/ - r tkba ( " ' . T&b4,'5. % ~/q-a>~l;Y!&~Iz.l;f-lrbi Lk'f!jB@j&l$J(stig- r n e ) ~ ~ A B - P ' 6 a , ~ & b " " ' . L & \ L D.Robinson I b ) 8 J f i # - 5 , k 3 1 r : ( ' 1 1 r >

/ f - 12 b h c f i t ! % ~ & % b l ) k ) t ~ ~ - t ~ l a r ~ ~ % f i J { k J ~ ~ ~ f ~ r ' ; b i 5 . %jl,l3:, 0 5175 fl /j)mrf:!jH~% &6!$,-IJ'@&@ 6 )r Mn$Iz, Jk&--#@a)a> h a>a>#jg $&

h t,l-t.tLCf'rb b;)Lkb\@Tdi,&. 3 Z T . Z h / E b i t # t i j a > A ~ l m ~ ~ ~ ~ k , $1

*':a,MB*%ZitTb\< z k_j~i~t I&Iztc ,7 : ( 6 a > - c & b .

(2,a>JtB$16;&ril1flL tit , S HGI ' l i Imr l : f l%~a>RI f J& $.It& i:&)Zbl>k

3 . & ~ 4 w ~ r : ~ z --c < a tw-c r a . m-3, s HGI'lSEktb'ctllC~tx qjlitje & 2,

-5 A a n l t . ? f i l i t - w - c r a s < a>%%&$& 0 , ~ - ~ c r _ ; i a f ~ ~ a > a > - c % g ~ , ~ - - ~ &C& ~ & - C C \ & C \ ( ~ ' ) .

L ij\ L ' ~ f i 4 k # J ~ a > , & & ' b g k I f , ' W @ J ~ ~ ~ & $ k a i ~ % b l ) b ~ ~ ( 1 i , i i ~ ~ ~ t t > . t a , 1 b a > n ; ~ 1 a m ~ z t ~ 6 < r ~ ; h i % ~ . b j l , b . m i i l z , 1 4 z ~ ~ g t ~ s

d tPI t r Lfl-cTFiib-b-.aa,ca ' $ ~ $ - t b k q q g n.t,%c\a>.~caI's < . B B * ~ : 2 *4A:r:$iftStLi)s13\9k 6 i 5 < 0 i z ~ O f i ~ ; f , ~ f ~ a > E k ~ f ~ f b \ ~ n $ ~ /@

~ ~ P ; - - b l ~ H i r i i h r 3 t A S ~ ZI&;Ei $I-) .& 3 i t Q a f : 4 3 . 3 t > C z g E I z

.tkBa>,%%@'Y.$ $B-3-ttB3i'i53.e%&-nta~h L k 0 - + f i r $ , 2nr-3; z > A - .t-,

% a r MfttI?J4t:~i~-k3 < % $ - k b Z t I z t s b .

4 i $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 < s H G a>@LY~a,lNRt#j$$%$ , t t t I i ~ W 1 ~ ~ ~ L #&E L

. fIIlJJ~-lr#Hik la , S H G a > % ' / A - m$fia%fi\Cz@@J+ $2-5 ' 3% l ~ i F b : & t k T h & . k ' f d * & - ~ ' f U ' J ~ ~ & $ > ? t k r ~ & 3 ~ @ ~ e ~ ( f & ' ~ ~ ~

T L j J b k f i \ 9 k A h & t , e I & b k # r ~ @ o ) ~ @ r'r._# J k aaa>T;&,6. F.Ricssmanl;t;. $I:&#JAk',t.- t = ' z a > ' 9 @ % ~ L L L % A . b j l , L - C \ b h ) ~ ( 3

) j J f , 2 i ~ ( ~ B 2 I i ~ i j C r / ' . 7 ~ , @ t r ~ n \ R z k \ a A k k c b C r $ ~ ~ a ) - p - e x

a > ' O k % % ~ t t d : & L S . r ~ ~ ~ ~ l z t d b z t Q { . f ; I r 3 t ~ r 4 , k 5 ~ j l , ~ r ~

~ a > ~ ; F r J & ~ 1 ~ & B - d - b z k g B % ~ ~ k \ & .-8rd:;h% :, '3~FlfJ;h\"@

~ ~ 2 - 4 J i : t d : & k j i z @ L Y ~ L , 'amS.ta;, r z t d : z , z ~ t z c f : - , : , - C ~ ~ t r , s - d ; z , ' $gk!i J ~ z J 3~ ' %%% J &fk b a > ' ~ ~ ~ @ ~ & f % & L ~ b ' < d; j1ta ( z )r &

F. Ricssman C-3; ' a @J 3 R $f (helper-therapy pr inc ip le) J L @ h, -C b \ EI ( 0 )

'@ffllr&@iYfl~fi\ ba>rkU&J(bcnef i t s ) I t 7 C . b ~ Riessman a*$ki ( 3 f i ~

a>~ri 1-1 l z91- ) .~34zb\a1 ' l . ; (~~) , t r . - ~ c a + t ~ & ' ; k % # k , l ~ ] ; t i 5 ( (ta>~:m

%.! t k-1:T'. MW~%+bYk(ir h ~ T 4 , k b2)z5%rJfPk)&=?a>@#IZ9tfkbc' I

Ck !L\ 5 . -4- k t> '3 ,

1 tl:A&h~rfk z > f3 ZbZYQIi?!

I coa>~.mewmn:. tr*, j > / f - f i i r ~ ~ ~ ~ { . t i J t t 6 z , t t : i : ~ - , ~ , f i l ~ ~ J ; L ~ ' l ~ ~ I ~ ~ I : ~ & t k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d - S a > - ~ l . 3 . ~ < . c k 5 I'srljflmJ& &?#b (a>

I hk.1: H g f i j ( - t , S f % f i ~ t d : A M M ~ ~ % ? ~ i I ~ ~ b e k & k ~ 3 . N4W;V+xl.i.trirB%tb: Y S 2 a k a?i$&~~\ Y ' / 4 4 Y * :.?hnfiijt

bli L-c - ; , - c ~ \ a ~ . ~ ~ a > o ~ ~ r a , g b ~ 3 j a > & ~ i : d ; ~ 1 2 , 4 i a > ~ f i 9 ~ 8 % a > ? 1 ~

S T & ? . f i \ Y L 5 f i ~ R R f & L T k ~ b A i ~ , %%k t:<h-b'fi\a>fitl$%, 3 L ~ f t t l

I l z k \ b t - F j l , 1 2 r % 8 ~ J e r ' & R ~ ~ % k a I r ) ~ k A C 5 c ~ I ' s % m ~ & 6 . S H Glr+;kr-c4) 2 k , Is1 C d; 5 i ) b r p d @ ~ ~ % 7 { $ ~ ~ f i ~ % ~ - , ~ % % ) Z l ; / l - k

A ~ ~ i % n ~ n ; n ~ b - - , stt!aa>4-~~3m~? L k M # S M I z t t - , t L -a 3eiw%c;t;% 1~ $, 6 . S H G I 2 $ % t ? * t d

-tf- t = ' x B % , 7 9 9 s y&f#i&#8F%3 b L , ~k#rCtbI$tLC2.5a)@$%l~& 3 b ' % ~ k ~ & a > Y ! i h 2 5 .

i ' f Q @ ~ % 4 , ~ k A B . I & ~ . t 3 # a > # ! f & ~ f Q ) t z % B ( t z ~ b \ j % i a # ) + %

1 1 I t , z h / e k k r a @ 1 T 6 * # ~ t t d - T , + < a > ' f $ f l ~ f : - b { ~ n x & h ? ~

k r l - t l i ! . $k&a>tllCzILk\' hllBf!4dT:a>#l J e 'J6tbZ t:fi<s'T$! 21 . 3.)zl&Y)L- I$@f i \b&t l . l d f , 9- t = ' ~ & f E T & & L k \ i i F , . 2 b i z , & r)%nftFr~% i@%

m r t @WJ I:{$ J 1: td: & ~ ~ J Y J ~ R M H R L T L \ I - ~ I ~ , - ~ . t z t - 3 , ~ 9 9 ~m~e1-7zb I -8-

i Z k l c k g m ~ h & .

(am ~3i35yfllIi+'kt? I& , ' @lVl?i# J IZQ 9 k z '! ic 9 - c , Q9&8rn*& J. 5 I z t b Z j ~ k ~ b \ j ~ ' " . D . R o b i n s o n b ( 7 > ~ % & f E ~ $ Z I f r %l!%I=flh%@@ @I-4- Z k id -C 8 ic '! t \ 5 z L C -r: , El ZE@(self-confidence)

t u, 4, E 3 - z t J r s a > ~ P j Z i ' " ' .

mn.c;tt, @ % m a , EI PR*, g);rSb , s ~$$Zt$i:Nr!~S$lJ+TQfb-dt * B s L z b \ a f i l t 3 z 3 , tn~i~;nt-cs &1i3 .cd ' t ta>~tm-~. B%%~HME-C

k \ & a \ b b J % T 3 fXk\ J a>TI&Q < , r @ % ~ 8 - ~ b \ 3 f i ~ b ~ f i j h ~ ~ $ 5 J

k 4 A. , % a ' 4 i8 t ' k J 4 9 - C , FiJ .k 3 fXrP:1@~%fia&~kkh&@~l-~'b z'!&i-rt$ b a > ~ h a . 3 L - C , @ @ I t l - b - 5 t k h ~ T 3 6 k ~ ~ & ? ? ( r I f i L , %o>

r C : l & j ~ J ~ ~ ~ z ) r X k 6 8 f ~ T ~ 6 L 5 k t C a . Z ? I . I & F ~ J ~ ' ~ ' ~ ~ ~ J ! J ~ ~ ' ~ E # R J ~ ~ : ~ T

hI5.

J .A.Lewis bC;I , 2 bI: , S H G I d ; r f i ~ ~ ~ % N ~ - l t A ~ l : 3 $ L Z r 1) - f -

k L-Ca)ll!!{\% (room a t the top)^ 4?-$kbZ k i Y t S 6 2 )I &g[;tRLTIr)& ( l o ) . & k , h a ~ 7 i - r m X d P p % & ~ ~ R r z 3 : & ~ : , t l f i @ & l ~ ; l i ' b \ ~ 1 & ' j ~ 4

x b J d . ' ~ I $ ; ) Z ~ % & ~ ' I ~ k ' ~ b ' a ) ~ h & . @kkh4?-;> { %?lJkk'3;h($T%& ( * * ) . z t z $ r @ @ ~ ~ % J ~ ~ t b a z k i ~ a a t ; l z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 { ( - @ ~ ~ ~ > @

! R t i h A k ~ k T = k b \ E 3 3 .

U Lo>: k h ~ b Q ' & k H T M % - b - & k 7 ; 3 f i a > L 3 I ~ a b .

3 - 2 . s H G @ @ @ J a > ' & h l f l ~

m,a:%---la tt;jJ@k ~-cma>iP;iBt I Z N L - ~ &An-k6ier?& k b ~ j & , & & &

irt L z ~ r b a ( ~ ~ ' . ;~sicz ~:.~IC;IE+.~LI-~ ~ H W I ~ ~ M ; F . ~ J L L r w t L , * - ) t % ~

k L~S/t .6tkE"cCitSR)a>~lUa>%fif lCb;~", -cAb J . SHGISr+a)d; i ; )dr@

hl-4- J _ICJ~C\'ZA$ td:l!tE@&&Z~ %mea>th& . #Llk tmr&DICa:% J &b'L ' $3fi l fk J &&Q)=qm@%i~ t@( -JZAkb \ .

-4- rs h b ,

< 1 > 2JiClfiB ( 2 > ttsf4. (ua> ' J )r ik 9 % ' ! f C % f t * b f i i $ k ~ a > ' ~ ~ ~ J * ~ G - t ,

FIlM-#- 6 z k lkb'3 . s H Ga)'a '%?k J 3k@k@LTb\a&a>k ' 8 - 1 ~ ~ 4 f l ~ ~ k ~ ' " ' )I &\-.fC,'b

~ T A a . - t t b : + % , + . t a > ) ) ~ - - yCrrab\9-c:b\I?&b\Alaaen\ba&L ,

2 L TMETS ZiAh~LSfiiF!!&Q)T;ti)&d~5 , Y)L- Y f i n ;1~lBHt+%&@m

11:l Hj ( t h e issues of power and control ) J I& lit k A, Y:')-k C b) k b\ h t2 b ( 8 0

4 - o . z?a>&shc~+$t%h\ 4, < If, S H G a>t2W~a>~b!Elf f~ f & ~ # .

$%Tlf S H Ga>fl!W~a>%.ilr;fi~$$Ykrh $F2s)=B J L ;Cl'Bf& a > = ~ ~ a k

.a k u i i x - c z \ t . . = ~ r ; r : z a > z s t l t J ~ ~ n x b < 5i;%rrtl038%5~&96 L ,

? : , - Z < % ~ $ i r - C l k t 1 2 & ' - I k F f i ~ k ' & h n J a > 4 B l , f i f i \ b % % ~ j t . I

L $1 L i)b&i b , $F!ksfk J k ' &%f& J k b' 3 &*t%$$f!!l& ? I, $9 1

t ~ I : $ i & t b % C ) k L T f i m $ & kl-f :@bICbb\. % W @ I Z ~ ~ C . \ T I & , +a>g*m I

+.I;PI:~\ c> < B s H G a > f i ~ ~ a , ~ ~ l f f H ~ r i ~ r k ~r ~ v ' t %% L . I

4 - 1 . '$pa$fi~It&b@!#kf&@#. I

I ' -Ipkgf'k J IZ 1 6 S 1-1 G a>@Lj~a>PRg L L@l?klr 9 b l - C la , &!,{3;24;a>Mq

a , % a > % l & i l L k b ' . 3 - a h % .

( 1 ) ~.l$jEjWk (publ ic accountabi l i ty) a> R n;.jlll.

( 2 1 @flfia>F*%fi I

( 3 ) # @J fil f% a> fiJ Ck 8 f!k ( pro-dependency . ( 4 ) ' U f t % a > % H t k # K ~

(om 2:ME3I!ka,Rbr1 J t la , .ta>@JtTrltla, $F'1?..d=B a > k & I r 2 b 9 l r .t

~ > B W J ~ > ~ > W W W J I Z R ~ Q ~ T S i ) b ~ r \ ~ I: ~ C ' Y ~ " ) . Z ~ Z L ra . el;lrnis

H G a > ? i ! % e # 2 @ ~ - 8 - & z t : I Z d t - T , 'ifSR;a>#i4Ea>loT-t:%RBZpfLk3k-8-6H I

3 , A $ &ll:l!#jH c t 9 - c J! 6 .

MlkCi!, ~?f~a>a>ft;lW:a>1;13ka>ke3I=~~%&. S H G G : ~ I j l c b ? ~ ~ f l ~ g L a 3 k i ~ a ~ , r a > s H G ~ z ~ m a n l ~ a b i a > f i \ ? - P & T ~ S H G I : ? S H

G I k k g l i i l r ' b > & E 3 3 , X A k * : ' L a > 0 , 5 1 ~ ~ - Y f i ~ ~ ~ E l ~ h 6 h i 4 : . . - . TI& @ A ~ ) ~ J S H G C Z ? ~ & I t L ~ T r ~ R & ~ S H G L t : ~ f i I 3 ~ ? $k&g*: * ~ ~ ? A ~ S H G & ~ ~ & ~ ~ ' @ B J L E b ? & & \ ? . t a > ~ J ~ r & ~ $ I ~ . ( ; i l . t b a > & ~ ? -4-k4-1 b i % t t ~ t & R k m P W B ~ . s ~ G a > @ @ ~ m a> $ F ~ s W ! ~ i-i%rzab\rz ( b \

rUS%gtrI h t - F a > - ~ h & ' ~ " .

(2)m r r a tma>$W2t%J L C * , s ~ ~ a > ) i t t @ ~ l ~ a , . t m r Y / $ - ~ B I A ~ > T ~ - ; ~ Y

$' I) - & & ; f i f i ~ z f 4 7 : , - ~ b b & k b , r e % L k ) B t I f t l ~ h i f i m ~ 8 tk & k b 5 . : ~ g / ~ / . . t - n t H f ; i i T a f i j t r) , a&a>w%nc%rt& ( rcb-,:, g LLIX$ , +A W ~ > ; F ~ Y ~ ~ ) - ~ Y ) L - - ; / T ~ F , ~ S H G C ~ @ ~ I ~ ~ - Q ~ > ~ ~ & , @jB!A3.*

- 3 , S H G ~ > ? & ! @ I ~ & % L T ~ ~ T % , ~ a > @ W ~ a > B @ f i ~ A ~ < % 4 k - $ & @

#?f i \ 'dr j 6 . MA. 1% , E@i-;&+? k'% 2 a>?EBU 2 b\ 3 k ' 33@l+~&l 'bM~(t ran-

s i t o r y a f f l i c t i o n ) &fB 3 S H G IZ $jIrC'T Ik . Y f i - YHukkti~$a>~@~a>?k&& fit-y L - r : ~ < t L ni-c$ aa>&\r 3 a b c a ~ w - c ~ , a . w m m . , - ) t i T a \ Q a > ~

k ha>=- X k , E # I l L T - ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ k l c c k A k % a ) ~ - X L I f n B b h b l t j & i . Ell11 L kC31131 !I a>Ak;.,'b-c-, < b & k S H G 4, , mi i ld \k -c l f % P & % ~ I J L - C ~ J

5 F F . k - t t k A t ~ . ' b ' r j S H G H G t . S H G H LTa>-Ca>.t)- ~ = ' z ~ ~ . ~ Z I Z J & C T @

m- ~f, ~-i-rixa>-c& a ( 4 1 3 . a k , ~ ' h @ 6 ' f k a > r t a ) % ~ j T ~ ~ G a > @ @ & i ~ h ~ ~ ~ ~ j ; t ) r 6 & & .

M J t l % V f i I % . 7 % I ) ? J ~ > ~ ~ S ~ ( ~ I ' ~ ~ * % ~ > S H G J T T ~ C R R ) I , - Y (COW

sciousness-Raising group) lj; T ~ J E ~ U J Af 7! $1 h h 1960+f%f&?p , *%$$M CZ

9 < t j $ ~ k + m / ~ , + Q ) L ~ ~ > Z Y/C-a>ptjlrjraqI:c;tf:am- B ~ ~ ~ J P ~ H T h 0 , ~ a > ~ ~ t f i r - i r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t a Q R E ~ . ~ Z T C . ~ . I ~ ~ B - ) " , ~ ; ~ S B ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ T J ~ ~ *~%rr.-b'6jA&%-/,< 6 2 t T ; k ~ . t t . 'k z? f i~?O${ t I tQd : , -j@a>*RSB !#~4,-Fki:ts->-r: < b)r , C R Y ) L - ? I z A & L - c (&J..)C,.ba>'%& J %a ;t, t < a . a : ~ ~ i + t i h r) ca . ~ ; ~ . f ; s s a a > ~ ~ o > r : ~ f d ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ , ~ 4 , ~ ~ n s y l ) n . , Y

YlktGPe3Y?BYr~- Y 6 Z k \ 9 , ~ 9 H rcb d:T < ( ( 4 a ' .

h 34: S HGa) f34J~~OB&lr3 ; , T?@Sa)@CZJk h ->TB. l t :LO.f -b \&a

-cih Q b.tz, V ~ I ~ Y S + 34~2 nqg*t+rt tt4~3b;i t: L t m ~ L

twi-jrnfiw..: ~ m - e ~ ~ i ~ b ~ k ~ m a .

O)o> ' ~ % r ~ ~ R a > f i l ~ ~ t k J k 12 , S H Ga>@atJa>'$Ffi%f&($F%&B)~a>

f: & 1: , %%%a>iik;ir'f!k tk$f~-fd$ -& bzf%fkfig& 6 z k T ak & '"'. * Y , S H H G ~ % S % C Z ' S H G ~ C ? I X @ - J & @ T # T 5 @ f i f i S & 6 .

f i ~ ~ z - , r c b f i ~ - . , - ~ ~ \ i ) b ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r z ~ r n ~ ~ G I ~ ) k @ @ & ~ l & # R m a . z.tz r a m a a a , r ~ ; F i : m ~ ~ ~ ~ a k 3 3 .

% k S H G & ~ M & $ ~ & I Z & ~ \ T U & L - C ~ \ ~ @ . E ~ . , > > / f - l & . 5 a > @ s t L

T S H G ~ Z ~ ~ L T L ~ ~ ~ H ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ . X S J . ~ ~~~.+, - ,k~t~f i~~ta- , . t t

Y a - 91:Ca LC-ZLCf-emaiIrd:zk&~P,c> . t z&. n ~ . t z b l & % a , Y ) b - - I ~ f i

a > k z ~ r l - f : r a ) r h L ' ~ A % i ) b < ,GBa)kiI:WCk3QAl;P13\b13c%*-, .-cia@% t - c b b a .

2 c , I Z ' @@I J Ic-a %I4 J Jib5 L , ' rm J a > r z ~ l ; r + $ l t ) g ~ ~ . t z k * B J j +n$lEj~t&.T5hcj--cCaixb\ . Btl~CtE%a,ril%Cr"i&g&en\rt s;;t,r-tcrrab'n\&

b ' f i i , ~ @ & a > & A a > B ' % ~ l a 8 i % % <T%%%TS 6 . A % I ~ f i $ j , &-@a)

% & L t K f i $ ~ - d - 6 Z t % T $ Q . ~ @ J ~ % ~ ~ ' ~ P / L ' ; ~ I Y J J L k ' c 3 T r 3 P

%#J#J #i$f(mi(fi~ J t b % a > T ; b i b k & , % % % ~ C ~ % # J E I Z S H G I Z R @ L T L - 1 4 -

3 5 f t t r g l B & i h & .

(4)m nfi#tia>!&RfkMk$ k 13. , s H ~ f i f ~ a > ~ W ~ f R l f i a ) I- $I'+>&fk 3 l i 9 P ~ f k J nt.bt)Ct , Y)L - -/a)~PCZ@I$-j13:&&b\Af",% e ' @2&a) 3 ibC= J #I& L T L % i f i r ; @ f % & S b & > & ~ k * b 1 5 .

jk# f f IJ%k & k f $ ' l k f , %$mma> [ ~ ; ) - , T b ~ & ~ $ f f & a > & l Z , fi#l~eatlfjiia>&k\%~f

6 T~h&S,Ea)&b\flYB%fiiA&LL-l"c k L i 2 5 b . . W Q ~ % ~ ~ - ; & T ; t i , 6 f i ~ b

~ a > ~ n , k - r z , & r a @ e ) t i 2 & L & b \ ( ~ $ . L & ~ L ~ ~ Z E & # U T = % S

+%ilibCd;@+ka>+~%BQ-);@, ~ b ' I z I a % + S % - c ~ s 3 r k C r t 6 b .

S NGl~ lT i JCrP61%~&$ T ~ A I I L T ; P ~ L - - C ;It3 Y31 1) - t d : @ b t ~ ~ &#f&Cjh-d-6

Y)I. - & h i , L 211 L&Ea)$%lMrB @~~(Selbs th i l fc ) -c -d i j T Z r{&lY~,

(F rc rndh i l f e )T l t .& t \ . {Llla),'Y/i-a> B m J JQt(.P5{%frBi&qf& a>&

b \ A , 'M@~a>!li~r\A;~b kCCk Y ~ L - Y?J\ b#&&i$ $ L & f & ~ # f i i ~ I ~ & a C b 6 ' . 4 - 2 . r * @ t ! k J l : L a R % k % & % .

3;it&?k _I 1: h b s M Ga>f.%!.Y~a>N%k &Rf!kC:-w-t:kt , %!,r;t:tka>-zm % a > 4 ) E # f i L T $ j 3 k b ' . -%td:hSc_, ,

( 1 -&7:,zr*32+!!J

( 2 1 jrJB#U:llc~;&T;iJ11

C 3 C4fWJ2% k a>$$@

(l)a>'a-dk *N4it:, , t 43, Y4t**lsc3d\'zt 'a>&R@%@L2:7< 0 ih tPkMTC9 ' %%?! J h i , 3 & ~ a > r P 6 j ~ J a > W r ; b & C z ~ ~ Z ~ c & ~ ~ ~ k 0 , k 1

i ~ ~ ~ ' ~ d ~ J ~ % 4 ~ ~ ~ ? & f i i 3 k b - d - & ~ f @ ~ ~ ~ - ~ & . 3a)k 5 & ' aTk -&%% J J ~ S H G ~ i B & 5 r ~ - d - B l ~ l ~ 3 t 3 S ~ i I ' a a ) a > i ~ ) f ; 5 5 $ z E 5 3 .

2 - Y . %8JIrrr,tJa,M&**bi)bZLfi'b b 5 b o & i h t z i a . a>a>gw@M Ci . S H G o > ? & % d ~ ' & 3 h @ ~ ~ f ~ ~ C z h \ f i * h b b & & B t j & k ~ C Z a 5 b ; t - , . t z - t :

< 5 . S H G l 3 $ & ~ P t b E t % & ~ b 8 & ~ t r ! ~ ~ ~ C ~ & ~ & * h & z L +

fi 3 t k & f d r j & c ' 6 ) . *-BIZ B%k%a>rb7fFBJ&r%~~4kJ(privat izat ion) t, 'bqH~a)a>?$i&85iflT$(fljk~;f;', fimaW$8,@a>F-biii)hibH & % @ ( $ & %

& h i & a o > T & & . 33'I:. 8 B k % a ) ' + ~ ~ a > - G M # t 8 a f ~ & C z , ' i f ??k r%%?!~ J

f$& C 6 Z t:?$nt5 . Mantel l bC-3; , - I J ' / / & f & * ~ $ $ 3 ~ l k O . ~ Y i ~ - -;/I= , 4! m k 5 t t tJ - - -x&Zbt )Tb ' i5 .33 0 , %,@*f~%C& ' ? j ~ % % , a>F%a>fc 6 I z SrS% ~ m T ~ E i ' ! k l ~ ? b \ - C (R!&k%a>%*tki!!&&-kiZt%CZ 1-B-k Ifis* , , @ f & k % 1 ~ d % A T t ~ k C 9 ~ h & ( " ' .

'ck bit, @ < a > I ( ~ / ~ - Q # - Y 1 8 3 i k j t l ~ ,A t r ' k??U.S? tJ&k5Ct r$ i%

fi t~ b ~ a e n t h a ( ~ ~ . L-EII f - P R ~ ~ s s ~ ~ a , ~ ~ r n ~ ~ a ) -15-

S H G f i i 3 a > % f i J ~ D k ~ 4 ~ C i b \ b f i ~ % L h t t k \ . L & ~ L Z a ) t k l & ~ @ i @

a > 1 3 1 ~ l ~ R < t R h a ? % % ~ T ; b , @PT'Y&a>tj$S$jSt@>k7f:hbk Z 4 T i b 6 .

@la> ' %$#&#f&mj&EI J )I Id; , S H Go>~F .@;h~b \bk f !k%a>S@kC~& b;t-,

t z 1 ; = r ~ ~ { ~ J ( s y m p t o m s ) a > & ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 Z L 4 ? b \ 3 " " . t h I ; L % d: 3 E

g ! Y f $ ~ $ d ~ ~ a ) t s b \ %#A _I Iru, MlldlF-Ma>i~g acbz )I k F l C T & b .

~JVIZ c . c - ~ ~ - ~ I T J w . J < z Lra%k-d-. , 1 ; ~ 1 r ; t a ~ v t t 0 , a%3'r;~sitbt

t w i l a . a > m w a - ~ i - ) - w L ~ ~ ~ Q W ~ C I Z t f i ~ , $5 2

~ ' ~ % E $ L b f ~ ~ , Z a > r % A ~ k ' % U I W ~ L L 3 k * b a > f i t S H G G r %

%t!k J a)&l ; l~?&k Z 6 t 6 a ) ~ i b a ' " ' . S H G G Z ~ L L C ~ % # ~ ! L B & # J & ~ J

C a % ~ % ~ ~ k ~ z ~ 1 3 ~ % a ) a > ' ~ t s t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f & , ~ % k b - ~ i 3 . % ~ t z i t z k ~ . L

db t I a > ' ~ A l H ~ a > & ~ ~ # & ) : B 6 b k CZd: -,To .h\A~T~f%lH~a)%fi%B

< z L J b * A + b . h & R 3 5 .

@)a) ' %f$.PY%k a)S@ J )I 1;k , S H G@ J 7 ! l ~ @ ~ ~ @ m r $ ~ " 1 B 5 % ' J ~ ~

3 ! " f i l f t f ~~ l@~t - -%L L b \ t j t C t , S H G L r!I.P'I%tLa)ff9CZB%;lst&C b t k & b 1 5 . SHGa>'*B.fkJC;t.Sm%%tata>Ea+)B1 , % p S ~ m @ r n : / z $ .

~ ~ ~ > # I ] ~ ~ % # L - P ~ H P ~ I z % ~ 0 5 zi i & k ? & B L . ) Z t \ .

4 - 3 . S H G ~ ) M E ~ J J ~ > ~ ~ M ! # & ~ J M - ~ - ~ ? Z & ~ ~ ~ ~ <3$1a>@%$.

@@I: Z- tzba)R#4fCRf i%H'@-8-&kb3m-t i%%~#ls=3%%L~ , @ 3 S ~ f $ l C L b ~ L ) & i .

3 f ~ A + b h 5 ~ C J ; ~ a ) h 3 ~ ) - b : & L h 5 3 . .-B-$%, ' 3 P 3 2 ~ f & ~ C Z k

&%%&?@?t-&CC;t. S H G # ' 2 % & ; ) g t r j ~ J 4Crk%+&A itd:#%&%T

I L W E ~ ~ L , r + i ~ ~ J i z d : i 5 e % ~ ~ m t l ~ a a i r c a w n E j g m L m ~ &lH:%Cz.J-~lI;t;' k b \ $ 2 3 3 2 b r 3 L k T.dij 6 . +a)-Bf&f$.J%@L L T M.L.Moeller K.-W.Daum b f i i ~ t -PTb \ i5a )%a>C3.

' * { f - % & J ( ~ e s a r n t t r e f f e n ) k b \ 3 % O ) - C & & ~ ~ ' ) . rl#%& J I A B S H G

n ~ b a ) ~ & ( C a > a ) l - t = ~ ~ & ~ R - - ~ ~ ~ 0 * X;ftzYha>&&&2&$a%C:atb2:br s . r e i ~ s e J ~ ~ s ~ ~ ~ d r ~ + - e r a ~ m , a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ J ~ a g ?k L k Q , GJf?Y3Zi i~: i&%#$Mt LT&flE$Bcr>T;k&.

ilk i t , J. Branckaerts b a) Support Centrec ' ' , L. D. Borrnan b a> Self-

Help ~ 1 e a r n i n g h o u s e ' ~ ~ ' L b \ ~ k I- @$!I+ > 9 - , M854$3$f!$%Jb3: 2 %

t r ) I ? m % T h 5 5 . V L : ' ~ ~ S H G T % E ~ ~ ~ \ < @ ) % ! @ ~ I I J . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L A

13. , %a> f#%-t? 7 9 - -citha)s H G + , S w @ C r ~ t ~ - c a > # r ~ % ~ ~ & B k

& S T $ & . & k 8 % f l % f i a b b f l % % - k Y 9 - % f l f t h L ~ , & O h f i x O * ? f - b \

T f " , & % 6 - , T S H G C Z i n @ T 8 3 t k 7 3 ~ T 1 6 0 T h ? 5 .

< fk > 1 ) T. Borkrnan( 1976) ' E x p e r i e n t i a l Knowledge. A N e w Concept f o r t h e

Analysis o f Self-Help Groups ' Socia l S e r v i c e Review 50(3) : 445-456.

2 ) D. Robinson ct a1. ( 1979) From Se l f -he lp t o h e a l t h - a guidc t o

so l f -help groups. London : Concord Books. pp. 75-79.

3 ) D. Robinson c t e l . (1977) Self-Help and Health. Richard Clay: Thc

Chaucer Press Ltd. p. 112.

4 ) i b i d . pp. 116-119.

5 ) H. L. Hocl ler ( 1978). Selbsthi l fegruppen. Sclbstbehandlung und

Sc lbs tc rkenntn i s i n eigcnverantwort l ichen Kleingruppen. Reinbek:

Rowohlt. pp. 350-351. Kostenlosighei t a>.1Ti$$fR. 6 > @ I l f i ' . R . W # R @ i z ~ k \ r i a , % I . @ . %2%%3R.

7 ) S SMGE hCb-CI* . $f L L AA L k l f f i l 9 a > A h i @ @ ~ B ~ L - f a { f l I :

CT .b , -3.a < $1 bt&lY~ L T k ' ~ , h & ~ @ r I ~ I H ~ ~ ~ ~ t k I ~ $ j k \ ~ @ & @

@ I u E A C . ~ ; @ @ I % - ~ ~ b f B J K ~ 2 3 Z L A i & L \ . A-Richardson If Z - h *

'li[si f l @J &I 3 fi J ( s e r i a l r e c i p r o c i t y ) k A T k \ b . A. Richardson ( 1983)

'The Diver-s i ty o f Self-help Groups' i n S.Hacch a t a l . ( e d ) Se l f -

h e l p and h e a l t h inEuropc.Copcnhagcn: WHO Refiional Off icc f o r

Europe. p. 40. &IIR. 8 ) D. Robinson e t a l . ( 1977) op. c i t . . pp. 115-1 16. t 13 D. Robinson e t

a l . ( 1979) op. cit . , p. 77. @ Rl.

9 ) A. H. Katz ( 1975) Self-Help Groups and t h e Profess iona l Community.

The Soc ia l Welfare Forum 1975. National Conference on S o c i a l I

Wclf are . pp. 142-153. N e w York: Columbia Universi ty Press. & IR. k E L , 196O+ttHi l i i i :@QLk&-b\94 Y a > S H G i E i 2 L I f L C i r ~ @

l % # f s % ~ n J k \ T s H G*PkQ)ED L T ~ \ T L M ~ ~ & b&a . (A.Gartaer et

a1.(1977) Se l f -he lp i n t h c Human Service. Sen Frnacisco: Jossey-

Bass. p.2. &RL.) &t- , .~PN%frrRl~AYzl f . 4 - 5 5 A a > & H & 1 1 , ? s * a > t t % m & S H G ~

I

I m a r # r i a a J b z t k r 4 3 ~ b J f & % @ n i b , 9 , L t n i 9 - c . t a > @ U f i r a %

# d d f ~ L k \ i @ f ! k Q 4 , k t b k \ Z L l z t 6 b . ~ ~ L ~ ~ > # ~ I - ~ - ~ - . . : - c L W & - C Q J

@fi t : t t Jz S H G i : f i k \ T q l t z & i % @ L k \ 3 - C k b \ E ; 3 3 . +$itf$-fi!(19

82) Y I L = J - J L S ? ~ ~ # ~ % - - @ E ~ ~ L L A A a > % t # r -h =- X A - . &#$R 1 0 )H.L.t!ocller (1978) o p . c i t . , p.351.

-17-

1 1 ) i b i d . P. 80.

1 2 ) D. Robinson( 1977) op. cit. . pp. 76-79.

1 3 1 & # ~ % & & r f ~ O k L k S H G G P h C I L ( t h e Center f o r Indepen-

d e n t Livingll* @f?l%Rl;: h h r g Z % B ~ E B r : F ~ ~ ( r e d u c t i o n i s t

medial m o d c l ) ~ k #fiB L . r&CliB(~PjJi ?? f JL ( h o l i s t i c h e a t l h model),

?k ~~k%C9rPdh%~f!%fia>k63iZ@!h 5 (t: L Tkth . H.R.Kirschbaum e t

a1. ( 1976) 'Indcpcndent Living f o r t h e Disabled ' Socia l Pol icy 7(2)

p. 60.

1 4 ) E. Funke( 1976) ' Aktivierung d e r S e l b s t h i l f c Behinderter und i h r e r

Familien durch Selbsthilfeorganisationen' , i n K. Peterscn(ed) S e l b s t h i l f e und i h r e Aktivierung durch d i e s o z i a l e Arbeit.

F rankfur t : Eigenverlag des deutschen Vereins fiir Gffentlich und

p r i v a t e Fiirsorgc. p. 473. &M. 1 5 1 J. Mehr( 1980) Human Serv ices : Concepts and In te rven t ion

S t r a t e g i e s . Boston : Allyn and Bacon. Inc. p. 197.

1 6 ) R. steinman e t a1. ( 1976) *Redefining Deviance: The Self-Help

Challenge t o t h e Human Serv ices ' The Journa l o f Applied Behavioral

Sc ience 12(3):347-362.

1 7 ) A. Avort o t a l . ( 1983) 'On I d e n t i f i c a t i o n Resonance' i n S. Hatch et

a l . ( ed) Self-help and h e a l t h i n Europe. Copenhagen: World Health

Organizat ion Regional Office f o r Europe. pp.148-152. Q k M.L. n o e l l e r 12 3 $Z t!? '9 % & 5 jk @ J (teilnehmcnd Resonanz) Lr 3 3 T 61

1 8 ) A. Gartner( 1977) op. c i t . . p. 99. 2 k A. Lurie et a l . I: k tZ 12. S H

8 A. 5 . A. Lurie e t a l . ( 1983) 'The Profess iona l Connection with

Self-Help Groups i n Health Care S e t t i n g s ' S o c i a l Work i n Health

Care 8( 4) :69-77.

1 9 ) D. Robinson( 1983 ) 'Self -help Groups i n Primary Health Care' i n S.

Hatch e t a l . ( ed) op. c i t . . pp. 15-16.

2 0 > P. M. ~oman(1980) 1; k . 'jdeMfi@ J (deviant behavior) a l~ )ana~t-b-at : i14 i= . l ixa~a>f8~Afi~q~-czt j .a . r r k ? r s 3 % ~ ( m o r a l ) R Z : %N139SI1C&'%k\4,a)~T&, 6 Zr L T R E % E A & . R l z q t *

~ E C l t l ( s o c i a 1 1 e a r n i n a ) f t Z : B I l # f i l i A r % S S h f i % a > J t : L - C B R

t d :b \k , RomanlikfS)&4LTb\6). %~ltE#4 l=(mcdica l i za t ion)a )&Z:

a&!fi!@&'%hc~,'b6a>Jk & T * m f i @ & % & 6 . $k&m&!!,i ( s o c i a l insight)I: J; 6 3 % : %Wtl'i%f, r$I:&b$@Elf h 6 9, cr>,k ?AT

~ o > I r ; f W - c & b r 4 k ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i 2 k & t t b \ z 3 ( c _ - O - & . .EL-c f&@l;:J-

7 1) -ti- 9 s >I~cf;&3j&:%IR~%Bb~rE*/X,'bIba>~t L T t b A a P i . 5 3

(r-, -4-5 2 t T& 6 . ' R % f $ k J k la. Roman m B E t i + i & ~ . l % . ~ % b t ~ & Z ( .tl;W?B&BtJkSi;) T B k r I krP4HJ& , Eii!g~tk%-c&%tb h-k t k. < m A K r ~ I L ~ - - I L ~ ~ F & I ~ % % @ , s B B B I C ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~ . k ? m % 3 % a - r : h & J ) .

i k k & @ 4 L m k n ; - c k b;tc,.tzr 5 kz z B b . t k & ~ % t f ~ & ! , ~ l z p t ; - ~ ~ . A &b\kkJ-?I)- t!-Va . / a > ~ A . ~ j l Z d ; ~ - f & % ~ b : L T b ~ < Z(c_ ( B J k 4 % ' R#!@%;?k k -,T&%!atba)& !@%@fit <6(-k~f i~8I l##!- I f&&kb\3

3; U) 1 i t a ~ ~ 4 . F ~ S - ~ ~ B ~ ~ ~ L ~ > A M L : L T L ~ ~ - c v r j a w t r r t ~ m a e ~

< 8 2 L - C h ~ J ) T & 6 L: b ' k 8 K3 3 . P.M.Roman(1980) 'Alternatives

t o t h e Hcdicalization of Deviant Behavior' Psychiatry 43(2) :168-173

2 1 ) D. Robinson e t e l . (1977) op. c i t . , pp. 90-94.

2 2 ) S H G Q&%hc~qXrifk & @ < ZS!* 6 %* L: L T C& A. J.Vattano(1972) I

I

'Power t o the people: self-help groups' Socia l Work (Ju1.1972): 7-

15. .E)ZC #?#' bl&& L C.\E&;iA A. H. Katz(1072) 'Self-Help Groups'

Soc i a l Work (Nov. 1972) :120-121. T%d b)Z-C bb 6 . -€ mjU! %%%a)f& &if!! S H G @ % ~ T h 6 D. Robinson c t a l . (1977) o p - c i t . .A . Gartncr et

a1( 1977) op. cit . . M. L. Moeller(1978)l& C.\-$'fl 4, S H G O)&*#fg%# 1:

% ~ ~ ~ ~ B E K J T , .tmrBEL159EB~a>&~##1$51zkk'b3Tb~&. 2 3 ) F. Riessman( 1965) 'Thc "Hclper" Therapy P r inc ip l e ' Social Work

( Apt. 1965) : 27-32.

2 4 ) F. Riessman(l976) 'How Does Self-Help Work? ' Socia l Policy 7(2): I

41-45.

2 5 ) V. W. S ige l e t 81. (1976) 'Beyond Coping' Socia l Policy 7(2) 67-69. I / H. L. Moeller(1978) op. cit. . pp. 233-234.

2 6 > A. Gartner et a l . (1977) op. cit. . p. 106.

2 7 > D. Robinson e t sl. (1977) op. cit. , p. 77.

2 8 ) J. A. Lewis e t a l . ( 1977) Community Counseling: A Human Services ,

Approach. New York: John Wiley and Sons, p. 82.

2 9 > A%!$fB!a&bfiRm P S W . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - 7 . ~ l ~ k b . k E L , &a>%&#flC~ k & I f . # i # ~ @ # i O ) a ) ) ) ~ - i ' C t . & b \ - C l t , l I ) - Y - @ l : & & L : L ~ 7 9 t ~ $

< QU) , / \ .=, 9 g h : $ A a t L l % L C X & b f l 6 k b \ i . - 19-

3 0 ) L. D. Boman(l982) ' In t roduct ion ' i n L. D. Borman et a l . (ed) Helping

People t o Help Themselves : Self-Help and Prevention. N e w York: The

Heworth Press. pp. 3-16. / R. Tippelt(1982) Die Bedeutung informeller

i n e ine r praventiven Sozialpadagogik. Ncue Praxis 12( 3) : 219-240.

3 1 ) W . Kiihl 13 rm fl k $t &htJ 8 ( i n gewohnten sozialen Feld) ! b\ 3 8-% Z b . W . Kiihl ( 1983) 'Selbsthilfegruppen -Uodeerscheinung

oder Korrektiv e ines ver fehl ten Professionalisierungskurses der

Sozialpgdagogik? Neue Praxis 13(1) : 37-45.

3 2 )E.C.~urmanl& S H G c 9 ~ ~ V s t f - A & , ' r \ d : tTC9?f - f 2 m r & l f l ~ P th -€ f rL ~(agency-dominated model)L~fk;t., 6 4, a) k L L T b\ 6 . E. C. Durman( 1976) 'The Role of Self -Help in Service Provision' The

Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 12(3) : 433-443.

3 3 ) ?jti-%ta>)liT@J*91-f& z k t::i?I!jrstigma~l~-i!fWL, 3o)k-C S H G Q )

B # ~ a > ~ $ F # & f K f % ~ ( b e i n g nonstigmatizing)d~%%53F'(! fl5 L L: ;h i&&. J.A.

Lewis e t a l . op cit . . p. 80./ J.E.Hantel1 et a1. (1976) 'Social Work

and Self-help Groups ' Health and Social Work 1 ( 1 ) : 86-100.

3 4 ) L. H. Levy( 1979) 'Processes and Ac t iv i t i e s i n Groups ' i n tl. A.

Liebeman e t 81. (ad) Self-Help Groups f o r Coping with Cr is i s . San

Frnacisco: Josscy-Bass. p. 265.

3 5 )Powell4-d;?!fcl%a)@W~&9lS&~ )r ;il.H*ttb"/? 4 z Y ).dtdrJHL 3

BO.t:?:,a>EHL: L T S H G Q k c j k T b ' b . t h l t . S H G O ) r B B & , Q

8 L k%,& T #j 6 L I/\ A. 5 . Powell(1975) 'The Use of Self-Help

Groups a s Supportive Reference Communities' American Journal of

Orthopsychiatry 45(5):756-764.

3 6 Ir9*%- ' 6aAE J ; -kf@Z!!&iIf~E ' AF"J tf:Bi$f?k J ;i. JL Y 7 %I Zi! . 1982. pp.

3 7 ) Selbstkonsti tuierung : M. L. fioeller(1978) op. cit . , p. 241.

3 8 > kELfi&$lbQkti@~&%%i$Tb\&k i & % J g . I L $ f i k S H G l ~ $ 3 b \

-Cl& . ztt.l-khTl&& b & b \ t k lksRb73rtaF,5. J.Coplon et a l . ( l983)

'Roles of t h e Professional i n Mutual Aid Groups' Socia l Casework 64

( 5 ) : 259-266.

3 9 ) Side1 et a l . (1976) op. cit. / M. L. Mooller(1978) op. cit . p. 96. / D. Robinson et al(1977) op. cit. pp. 129-130. / A. Gartner et e l . (1977)

op. cit. p. 155. $$I#\.

4 0 ) J.E.llantel1 1-1;. t a> Z L: S H G ? @ a a > s % & ) f J t \ T b i 6 2 -20-

!h 145

L T k

b 5

. J.

E. Mantel1 at al.

op. cit. p. 88.

4 1

) )

glhk

St - k*

x @

RJL

@'k

&

Bc%

a>.l:

-c

, ;K 5

Y 9 1)

- t.tM#(Initiativ-

gruppen)&fiB-ff 4

FT

@M

LT

Lb

L Z

. t:

Cr)%

Lt!

CZ

?b

l-C

l;t,

D.Frcier

hi 8 L

L (

jcf4

-C b

\ 5

.

Frcier( 1982)

'Initiativgruppen und kommunale

Sozialvcrwaltunfi' Thcorie und Praxis der Sozialen Arbcit 33(12):

460-463.

4 2

) B

#MJ

am

l* &

@S

f(

& JA

&

. n.

Steinberg ct al. (1979) 'Transfor-

mation of

a Group for the Widowed'

in M.A.Liebcrman et al. (ed) op.

cit. , pp. 67-79.

4 3

) G.R.Bond

et al. (1979) 'Changing Goals in Women's Consciousness

Raising' in M. A.

Lieberman et al. (ed) op. cit. , pp. 95-115.

4 4

S HG k

3 >

/$-a

>' I%@

J m

i',q

Hf-

;,L

\T:l

& ,

A.H.Ket~(1975) op.

cit.

*@R

m:L

. k

\L3

&la

>S

HG

fi/J

tI('

//\*

-a>

r{&

GJ

&+

~{-

pQ

k4

?1

63

~Z

mk

i,'d

71

&&

LT

:krb

13

\h~

#3

h$

i;T

b\Q

.

c Rmm, filf

llE

9 Y

Ym

W,

%A

9 9

Ym

ffl.

4

5 ) .

5a>

A#i

Slt

L

Tlk

M.A.Licbcrman et al.(1979)

'Effectiveness of

Women's

Conxciousness Raising' in n. A.

lieberman et al. (ed) op. cit.,

p. 358. / P. Zcrnan( 1982)

' Selbsthilfe: Socialpolitische Diskussion

und

die Uirklichkeit von Altensclbsthilfegruppen'

Blatter der Wohl-

f ortspf

ic

e (9/82) p. 170. /

A. Berath( 1983) 'Hypertension Club in

Croatia' in S.Hatch et al.

op.cit.,p. 113. @em.

4 6

) M

JR.l%

, B

##A

Sl)k

I-&Q

-d-Z

i Z

)r

&C

iiJ&

lEkc

\: L

CD

& i

l~$

$k

Tk

\&&

j&

4 k b

0)

S H

G C . 0

OI t

ar%

;l);

(sy

mp

torn

)~(%

l&a

)&M

-c&

8 t 13.

tfi;P

lf ~

f~

~~

b&

r)

EI

?h

~~

k~

~)

r1

Fb

3-

C%

~t

!f

iks

HG

a>

%&

. %.

YdhtJ

%JIbI

& '@

I$ b

.)z b

Z )

5 A(

32

5.

R. H. Jacobs et al. (1978) 'Panther Power: Sym-

bol

and Substance'

in J

. S. Quadegno(cd )

Aging. the Individual and

Society. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1980.

/ A. Sodel( 1964) 'In-

spirational Group Therapy: A Study of Gamblers Anonymous'

in R.D.

Hcrman(ed) Gambling. New York: Harper &

Row.

1967.

4 7

) J. E. Mantel1 ct al. op. cit.

4 8 )

R. W. Tyler( 1976)

'Social Policy and Self-Help Groups' The Journal

of Applied

Behavioral Science 12( 3) :381-396.

4 9

) V. W. Side1 at al.

op. cit. 79

5 t O) Z

t:

% nJ

1 I:

#Eta

L -C

k\

Q .

B B

b(j

tb:

MJ L

L 7

: If

, Recovery Inc. O) Symptornatology

fif

If b

i; Q

E 5

3 .

H.Wechsler(l960) 'Thc Self-Help Organization in the Menatl Health

-21-

Field: Recovery. Inc. , A

Case Study '

in G. Caplsn et al.

( ed) Support

Systems and nutual Help. New

York: Grune

8, Stratton. 1976.

5 O

)SH

Gm

tJL

fiff

l$~

I:9

b\T

~t9

<a

)QF

~%

fiiB

EL

7:k

'5. E.C.

~urman(l976) 'The Role of Self-Help in Service Revision' The Jour

nal of Applied Behavioral Science 12(3) :433-443.

/ R.Miiller

et al.

(1981) '

Sel

bst

erfa

hru

ngs

gru

pp

en fur Krebskranke -E

in Beitrag in det

psychosozialen Nachsorge' Theorie und

Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit 32

( 3) :107-111. /

D. Robinson et a1. (1977) p. 79.

/ LI.

L. tloeller(l978)

p.205.

fSs@

R.

5 1 )

H. L. Hoeller( 1978) op. cit. . p

p. 281-326. /

K. -W. Daum(1981)

'Selbst-

hilfe und Laienhilfe -

Ergangung oder Widerspruch?'

Theorie und

Praxis der Sozialer Arbeit 32(10): 363-370.

5 2

) J.Branckaerts ct a1.(1987)

'Mutual Aid: From Research to Sup-

portive Policy - Rcport from a WHO Workshop' in S.Hatch et al.(ed)

op.cit. pp. 186-191.

5 3

)L.E.Borck

et a1.(1982) 'The Role of a Self-Help Clraringhouse'

in L.D.Borman et al.(ed) op.cit.,pp.l21-129


Recommended