Changes in Society

Mr. MizellHumanities, Year

II

Come in and take a look at this fairly ordinary picture

New York City (1800)

New York City (1900)

New York City (Current)

Think-Pair-ShareWhat might we infer from

these three pictures about how society changed (use what you currently know about the Industrial Revolution)?

Essential QuestionHow did societies that

experienced the Industrial Revolution

change?

Five Major Changes

1. Industrialization 2. Immigration 3. Urbanization 4. Social Structure 5. New Beliefs

Industrialization

Growth of industries that rely on machinery (manufacturing: furniture, clothes, steel, etc…)

People work 10-14 hrs for wages England, France, Prussia, United States,

and Japan emerge as Industrial countries

Immigration

Why might people move to the cities/industrial

nations?Better lifeMore freedom EntertainmentMost important –

Jobs/wages

Ellis Island - East

Ellis Island Inspections

Angel Island Inspections

Treatment/Life of Immigrants

Nativism on the rise (belief that native born people are superior to immigrants) Discrimination

This is fueled by job and housing competition as well as cultural differences

Most immigrants were unskilled and not educated

Most worked in factories for small wages and lived near them (cheaper)

The Immigrant Experience “Well, I came to America because I heard the

streets were paved with gold. When I got here, I found out 3 things: first, the streets weren't paved with gold; second, they weren't paved at all; and third, I was expected to pave them.”

What is he really saying?

Urbanization

Expanding Cities

Urbanization Why move to the city? What does it offer? Businesses, restaurants, factories, theatres,

immigration, railroads Come because it is the “place to be” –

jobs/entertainment/ opportunity Steel – large buildings, skyscrapers, bridges Cheap apartments – hold lots of people Construction of roads, transportation

Review Industrialization

What exactly is it? Where did it take place?

Immigration Why come to the cities/industrial nations? How was life for them in the cities?

Urbanization What makes a place urban?

Continued: How did societies that experienced the Industrial Revolution change?

Social Structure and Beliefs

Copy down Vocab Plutocracy – the wealthy have power and

rule society Realism – showing life as it is Monopoly – when one company has total

control of a product/service Muckraker – those who expose corruption

and social injustice Strike – to refuse to work in order to force

an employer to meet certain demands

Social Structure

Social Structure – classes/groups of people defined by their job/salary/education

Pre-IR Social Structure

Nobles, LandownersSmall Middle Class

Peasants/Farmers

Post-IR Social Structure

Upper Class

Middle Class

Lower Middle Class

Working Class and Farmers

Social Classes Upper Class – Big Business Owners,

land owners Middle Class – professionals, educated

Lawyers, teachers, doctors, factory managers, merchants

Lower Middle Class –had a specific skill Factory overseer, toolmakers, printers

Working Class – unskilled, worked in factories

Mobility

Eventually, many in the upper and middle classes move out of the cities and to the suburbs

They can afford the transportation Trains, Electric Trolleys

Think-Pair-Share

Is this change in social structure good or bad?

New Beliefs

Capitalism/Laissez-Faire Based on private ownership of

businesses No GOVERNMENT involvement

/restrictions Laissez-Faire – hands-off Let businesses to what they want

Business/Industry will make society better Jobs – money for people

Social Darwinism Survival of the Fittest - let

people/business who can succeed rise to the top, forget about the “failures”

The Govt should not get involved (help the poor) b/c it will upset the natural selection

Wealth is the measure of value

Think-Pair-Share

What possible pros and cons do you see in these beliefs?

How to Improve City Life?

Main issue: population growth May run out of space Transportation Water, sewers, schools

Urban Problems Immigrants/ poor workers need to live near

factories (cannot afford transportation) Live in tenements

Cheap, multifamily housing

How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis – journalist who exposed the

slums and poverty of the cities How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the

Tenements of New York (1890)