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Design and Study of Curtain Wall Support Structure of Shanghai Tower based on buildability

© Council on Tall Buildings

and Urban Habitat

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Contents

1. Project Information 2. Introduction about Design of Curtain Wall system 3. Curtain Wall Support Structure (CWSS) System &

Design Challenges 4. Several Key Issues of CWSS Based on Buildability 5. Construction Process

© Council on Tall B

uildings

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1.Project Information


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上海中心大厦 SHANGHAI TOWER

1.Location


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2、Elevation


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3、Function

Z1:Podium

Z4:13 floor office

Z9:Sightseeing/facility

Underground

Z3:13 floor office

Z5:14 floor office

Z6:14 floor office

Z7:15 floors Hotel/Service

Z8:10 floors Boutique

office

Z2:12 floor office


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Separate double curtain wall system – Air lobby 4、Design Idea


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Main structure

Main structure & inside curtain walls

CWSS Outside curtain walls

Final building

建筑组成分析


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5、Main structure of shanghai tower

l Mega-frame – Core – Outrigger truss

Outrigger truss Core

Mega column

Belt truss

Outrigger+ belt truss

Belt truss


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l Radial truss ü Bearing weight of outside curtain

walls and mep level 8

7

6

5

4

2 3

1


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2.Introduction about Design of Curtain Wall system


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1. Function space—double curtain wall-Air lobby- Improve operational efficiency

餐饮

健身

多功能厅

艺术展厅

便利店

前台

2.1 Design ideas of exterior curtain wall


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2、 Energy-saving — double curtain wall

l The space between the double walls , forming a buffer zone, play role in energy conservation such as the thermos



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3. Structural efficiency - Streamlined - Reduce wind loads l regular inner skin + irregular, twisted, tapered and

streamline d outer skin



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1.Mathematical description of the geometry ü Linear twist


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z*s

Reduction：

e = 2.71828178…

s=99.998904…

y =e

Z=632000-45000

ü Nonlinear taper


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2. Comparison of different twist angles of vision model - aesthetics


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3. Aerodynamically wind tunnel test-Quantitative analysis ü The angle of twist

210º 180º 150º 120º 90º


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25% 40% 55% 70% 85%

3. Aerodynamically wind tunnel test ü The ratio of taper


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l verify the validity of the cross-section


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3. Curtain wall support structure system & design challenges


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3.CWSS system & design challenges

1. A unique flexible suspend CWSS l Low cost ü 6000 t

l Low visual hinder


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l Simple structural load path l Perfect match between structure

and geometry



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l Seven types of connections ü Absorb deformation ü Transfer loads



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2. Design challenges l Complicated loads & effect l Super long ring beam and its temperature sensitivity l Control of horizonal relative deformation between

main structure and ring beam l Complicated cooperative work with main structure l Complicated connection with main structure l Strong vertical seismic response l Complicated structural behavior during construction


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4.Several key issues of CWSS based on buildability


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4.Several key issues of CWSS based on buildability

4.1 Analysis on temperature sensitivity & Selection design of ring beam

4.2 Design of top suspending joint 4.3 Design of vertical sliding joint in bottom ring beam 4.4 Analysis on effect of construction process of CWSS

& pre-adjustment of deformation 4.5 Analysis on effect of compression of main structure

on CWSS © Council on Tall Buildings

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4.1 Temperature sensitivity & Selection design of ring beam

l Super long ring beam ü 300m in Zone 2→170m in

Zone 8 l Radial arrangement of

radial strut ü Restriction expansion

deformation of ring beam

1. Ring beam sensitive to temperature effects


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2. Selection design of ring beam —Expansion joint be arranged OR Continuous ring beam



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l Expansion joint be arranged ü Decrease temperature

stress ü Expansion joint is costly ü Long procurement cycle ü location is difficult during

construction ü Large deformation of

expansion joint is difficult to absorb (30mm).

2、 Selection design of ring beam



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2、 Selection design of ring beam

l Continuous ring beam（ The final scheme ）

ü Stronger constraints of radial strut & large temperature stress

moment Axial force



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Stress component


2、 Selection design of ring beam l Continuous ring beam（ The final scheme ）

ü Stronger constraints of radial strut & large temperature stress


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4.2 Design of top suspending joint

1、Position


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2. Function

l Transfer to gravity to MEP l Providing horizonal constrains for the

top ring beam



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Hinge connection（bolted） VS rigid connection（weld

3. Structural optimization



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l Hinge connection

ü Weak constrains, large deformaion, small internal force

ü Space is limited. It is difficult to arrange bolts

ü Bolt arrangement range is large. it is difficult to achieve a hinge.

ü The out-plan deformation is large. It is adverse to glass plate.



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l Rigid connection


ü Strong constrains, small deformation.

ü Convenient construction, reliable force transmission.

ü The out-plan deformation is small. It is benefit to glass plate. © Council on Tall B

uildings

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4.3 Design of vertical sliding joint in bottom ring beam

1. Position & function

l Providing horizonal constrains for the top ring beam

l Absorbing vertical relative displacement between ring beam and amenity floor ,and to prevent damage of glass plates in bottom.


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2. Design difficulties

l Complicated inner force & " self-locking "

The original design



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3. Optimization measures

l Optimizing the joint structure , l Weakening constraints between the ring beam and column l Releasing harmful internal forces

Details before optimization


Details after optimization


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3. Optimization measures

l Counterweight of bottom ring beam

3.5kN/m

1.5kN/m



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4.4 Effect of construction & pre-adjustment of deformation

l Suspension weight of curtain wall

is heavy. (2200~3200t) l The stiffness of MEP is weak and

nonuniform.

1. Deformation of suspension points are large and nonuniform


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l The elevation of ring beam

would not be at the correct level when the CWSS is finished

l To bring a adverse effect to installation of glass plates and architectural appearance.

2. The effect on design



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ü CWSS：from top to bottom ü Glass plates：from bottom to t

3、Analysis and control on construction of CWSS l Construction sequence ：



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l A construction simulation analysis was necessary to determine effective control measures that should be adopted.

ü Pre-adjustment of the length of sag rod

ü Pre-raising of suspension point



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4.5 The effect of compression of main structure on CWSS

1. The amount of compression of main structure is large. (35～50mm).

l The amount of compression is closely related with the construction process ü Large weight of the main structure ü Long construction period ü Long super column in each zone


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2. The relative displacement between ring beam and main structure caused by compression of super column will have an effect on： l Design of connection between main structure and

CWSS l Additional moments in the radial strut



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l The compression of super column was calculated, according to the construction sequence for the main structure, in order to evaluate slide range of connections and additional moments in the radial strut.

3. Analysis on effect of construction of main structure on CWSS



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THANKS！


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Date post:	11-Jul-2018
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