,* **d"*,**-qW W '^W WWM]YWW,TWu , wi;

W, W MMW",,,MMWi;^* r ' '

, , u i l M M

January - December,2012

Epidemiology UnitMINISTRY OF HEAI,TH

t:li!

T'fu\ M r*ffiiw

\ ''*

tr# ffiuonr{*o{g*r***tfOn behalf of the staff of the Epidemiology Unit, Iwould like to thank all the nurses, District MedicalOfficers, Private Practitioners and all other HealthPersonnel for their continued support insubmitting Communicable Disease data on anongoing basis.

Your input in this venture is very vital to the healthsystem of Grenada, Carriacou and PetiteMartinique.

You are helping us at the Epi-Unit to have a closeIook at the trends of diseases in our country so thatprevention and control measures can beimplemented and the Ministry of Health can planits programmes effectively.

Special thanks to Dr. Jorge Portell, Epidemiologist,and other members of the staff of the Epi-Unit fortheir contribution to the newsletter. I amanticipating your continued support as we worktogether as ateam.

Sincerelyyours.

Agnes Banfield.Public Health Nurse/Surveillance Officer.Co-ordinator of the Epidemiology Newletter.

E:-;runi'l

DISEASES OF THE EXPANDED PRO-GRAMME ON IMMUNIZATION:.

Measles:There were no reported cases of feverand rash for the year 201,2. One (1)suspected case was reported for 20'1,'1,,andtwo (2) suspected cases in 2010.

There were no confirmed cases ofmeasles for either year.

Pertussis:The trend of this disease remains lowThere were no reported cases for theyears 201,1-201,2.

One (1) confirmed case was reported in201.0.

Meningitis Unspecified:T\ruo (2) suspected and one (1) probablecase of unspecified Meningitis werereported for the year 2072.

T\ruo (2) confirmed cases were reportedfor201.1.

Tuberculosis:One (1) confirmed case of T\rberculosiswas reported for the year 2O1,2. Th:is

Tu bercu losis cases. Grenada.2008-2012.

.H:fi$$ffie-?'Ium'1

COMMUNICABTE DISEASES REPORTYEAR IN REVIEW 2Ot2

showed a s l ight decrease whencompared to two (2) cases in 20LL, andfour (4) cases in 2010. Contact tracingwas done for all patients and treatmentwas given, same to be followed up bythe Community Health Nurses.

OTHER DISEASES OF CARIBBEANINTEREST:-

Acute Respiratory Infection ( 5:The trend of this disease showed anincrease for the year 201,2. Fourthousand five hundred and fifty nine(4,559) cases were reported, whencompared to four thousand one hundredand ninety six (4,196) cases for 2071.Five thousand and thirty eight (5,038)cases for 201.0, three thousand fourhundred and ninety seven (3,497) casesfor 2009, and two thousand eighthundred andthirtynine (2,839) cases for2008.

Acute Respiratory Infection > 5:-The trend of this disease in the over fiveyears age group showed an increase forthe year 201,2. Sixthousand five hundredand seven ty (6 ,570 ) cases werereported, when compared to five

ARI <5 and >52008-2012. Grenada.

I II I

f , I- -

;:]; , 1:;:5989 5868

I!4g1

4 795

I-

-

#:

j'000

6000

50rx)

4000

:1o00

2000

1000

0

AAI<5

ARI >5

! ARJ <5

rAft l >5

2012.riss6510

thousand eight hundred and sixty eight(5,868) cases in?Ol'[,, five thousand ninehundred and eighty nine (5,989) cases in2010, and four thousand seven hundredand ninety five (4,795) cases in 2009.

The Epidemiology Unit is stronglyr e c o m m e n d i n g t o a l l H e a l t hPractitioners to take samples in order toconfirm the etiology of these diseases,and to know what virus is circulating inthe country so that patients can betreated appropriately.

Gastroenteritis <5:One thousand five hundred and sbdythree (1,563) cases of this disease werereported for the year 2012. T?ris showedan increase when compared to sixhundred and four (604) cases for 2011,eight hundred and fifty seven (857)cases were reported in 201.0, and onethousand one hundred and eleven(1,,1,1,1) cases in 2009.

Gastroenteritis >5:The over five age group also showed anincrease inthe number of reported casesfor the year 201.2. T\ryo thousand onehundred and eighty one (2,781) caseswere reported for that period, whencompared to one thousand one hundredand nine (1,109) cases in 20'1,L, and onethousand five hundred and fifty nine(1,559) cases in 201.0.

Gastroenteritis by age groups.Grenada. 29ffi.-2012.

2000

1500

1000 l

5m

0

Gasto<56rstro>5

. l l ri::l

2008 2009 2010 20116 6 6 i t t t , s s J . 6 0 4843 1708 1559 1109

l 6as t ro <5

lGasko>5

Food borne lllness:-There has been a decrease in thenumber of reported cases of this diseasefor this period. One hundred and nine(109) cases were reported. One hundredand twenty (128) cases were reportedfor20'J,1,.

Undifferentiated Fever: -The trend of this disease showed anincrease for the year 2012. Threehundred and twenty eight (328) caseswere reported. T\ro hundred and sixty(260) cases were reported from 20'1,1,,two hundred and ninety three (293)cases for 20'1,2, and two hundred andseven (207) cases for 2009.

Leptospirosis:-The trend of this disease doubled in201,2. TWenty two (22) cases werereported, eleven (11) cases werereported in201,'1,.

Leptospirosis cases. Grenada25 2OO8-20I2.

70

Fever and Neurological Symptoms:-One (1) case, female, was reported forthe year 201"2. There was no reportedcases for the year 20'J,1,.

Fever and Hemorrhagic Symptoms:-There were no reported cases of thisdisease forthe year20'1,2. No cases werereportedfor20LL also,

'l, 0 ,

. 4 1

l l a l2008 2009 2010 2011

Dengue Fever:-The trend of this disease showed adecrease for the year 201.2. Eighty-five(85) cases were repor ted, whencompared to ninety-two (92) cases in2011,. Grenada experience an outbreakin 20L0, one hundred and thirty four(134)cases were reported, twenty-eight (28)cases were reported in 2009 and seven(7) cases in 2008. Health professionalsare reminded to educate the publicabout the spread of dengue fever. e. g.

Remove the breeding sources of itsca r r i e r , t he Aedes Aegyp t iMosquito.

Cover water drums tightly

Discard orkeep water out of tyres

Put plants in soilnot water

Burn, bury or remove tins and otherwater holding containers.

Dengu e. Gre nada. 2A08-2Ot2.

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0i

I

f IMalaria:There were no reported cases of malariafor the period 201,2 - 201.1.. One (1) casewas reportedfor 201,0.

7

22008

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTEDDISEASES:

Genital Discharge:The trend of this sexually transmittedinfection showed slight increase for theyear 201,2. One hundred and seventythree (173) cases were reported, thirty-six (36) males and one hundred andthirty seven (1,37) females. One hundredand seventy (170) cases were reportedin 2O'1,'J., and one hundred and seventythree (173) cases in 2010.

Chlamydia Infection:Thirteen (1.3) cases of this disease werereported for this period, five (5) malesand eight (8) females. This showed adecrease when compared to eighteen(18) cases in2011. and twenty three (23)cases in 20L0.

Gonococcal Infections:There has been an increase in thenumber of reported cases of gonococcalinfection for the year 201.2, One hundredand f i f ty - three (153) cases werereported. One hundred and twenty one(121) cases in 20'1,1,, ninety-nine (99)cases in 2010 and eight-three (83) casesin2009.

Hepatitis B:-The trend of this infection continues tofluctuate on a year to year basis. Seventy

Hepatit is B cases.Grenada. 20O8-20t2.

100

90

80

70

6A

50

4 8

30

20

1t)

0

g

ffAm

Epidemiologry UnitPage 5

five (75) cases were reported for the year

20'J.2, this showed an increase whencomparedto fifty-two (52) cases in20l'l',and fifty (50) cases in 2010, (2008 - 2009)

showed over all increases. Ninety-eight(98) cases were reported in 2008, andeighty-four (84) cases in 2009.

Herpes:Ten (10) cases of this infection werereported for2012. Five (5) males andfive(5) females. The previous four (4) years

showed an increase in the number ofreported cases. TWeIve (L2) cases werereported in2OL1' and 2008, fourteen (14)

cases in 2010, and eighteen (18) in 2009.

Syphilis:-T\nro hundred and seventy three (273)

cases of this sexually transmittedinfection were reported for the year

201,2. The highest number of casesreported were females in the overtwenty-four (24) year age group with

seventy-one (7L) cases, followed bymales, with sixty-seven (67) cases inthesame age group.

OTHER DISEASES:

Chicken Pox:Following an outbreak of this disease in20'J-.I, (one hundred and ninetY seven(197)) cases were reported. The trend of

Chicken Pox cases. Grenada.2008-20L2.

h[n2010 2011 2012

i;150

1fi

120 98' i l . n

{ i n

this disease is still a bit elevated for20'J-.2, one hundred and eighteen (118)

cases were reported. Forty-six (46)

cases were reported in 20L0, ninety-eight (98) cases in 2009, and sixly one(61.) cases in 2008. Most cases fot 201'tand 201,2 were reported from HerMajesty's Prison.

Acute Haemorrhagic ConiunctivitisFifty-nine (59) cases of this eyecondition were reported for the year

201.2, twenty-eight (28) males andthirty-one (31.) females. This showed anincrease when compared to forty-three(43) cases in 201'I., and thirty (30) casesin2010.

Neonatal Coniunctivitis:There has been an increase in thenumber of reported cases of this eyedisease for the year 2O'l'2. Forty-one (4L)

cases were reported. TWenty-four (24)

were reportedin201..7, sixteen (L6) casesin 2010, and seventeen (L7) cases in2009.

Neonatal Conjunctivit is Cases.Grenada. 2009-20t2.

Scabies:TWo hundred and thirty (230) cases ofthis skin condition were reported for theyear 2012. The highest gender beingfemale. One hundred and twenty-seven

45

40

t0

25

70

15

10

5

0

(1,27) females and one hundred andthree (103) males.

The year 201,2showed a slight decrease,when compared to two hundred andforty-four (244) cases in 201,1,. T\ryohundred (200) cases were reported in201,0. 2009 showed an overall increaseof twohundred and sbfty (260) cases.

Scabies cases. Grenada.2008-20t2

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:The trend of this disease showed adecrease for the year 201,2. One hundredand eighty six (186) cases werereported. T\nro hundred and forty-eighty(248) cases in 2Ol.'J., one hundred andninety one (191) cases in 20L0, onehundred and eighty-eight (188) cases in2009, and one hundred and ninety two(192) cases in 2008.

300

250

200

150

100

50

0 IItb0

IM*,Ke:K44

MsYAgnes Bahfield

tr*u"n