© Crown copyright Met Office Visualizing 4D Weather Data Chris Little, UK Met Office, FOSS4G,...

© Crown copyright Met Office

Visualizing 4D Weather DataChris Little, UK Met Office, FOSS4G, Nottingham,20 Sept 2013


Contents

• Who, What, When, Why?

• Meteorological Background

• Current Forecasting Capability

• How

• Way Forward

• Questions and answers


Who, What, When, Why?

Who?Chris Little, UK Met Office

IT Fellow, Co-Chair OGC Met Ocean Domain WG

[email protected]

Christine Perey, Perey Research & Consulting

Augmented Reality, Spime Wrangling

[email protected]

Mike Reynolds, Augmented Technologies Ltd

Founder & CEO, merging AR & geospatial

AWILA: Augment What I Look At

[email protected] © Crown copyright Met Office

mailto:[email protected]



Mobile device with sensors

Overlay (Text, images, graphics, 3D objects)on the real world

camera, GPS, compass,accelerometer, microphone

Mont Blanc

Thonon-les-Bains

Lake Geneva

Geneva

Arriving in Montreux in

15 min

04/19/23

What?

Now… can the invisible, such as forces of nature, be made more visible?

04/19/23

From Maps & Wind Radar to Wind AR

When?

• 2012-10 Idea & quick plan in 30mins after long day

at OGC TC Seoul

• 2013-01 Proof of concept, canned demo

Shown at OGC TC Redlands under NDA

• 2013-02 Live Demo

Mobile World Congress, Barcelona


Why?Current Users of AR

• Well over 100M consumer-grade mobile devices are capable of supporting AR

• Many mobile Web browsers have all necessary components for basic AR

• Consumer applications continue to evolve

• Many are “gimmicks” for product promotion

• Industrial users are keen to begin using AR

• Positive ROI has been demonstrated in many domains

• Internal use cases permit use of controlled environments and well-defined devices

Three challenging pointsFrom geospatial data to the service platform

• Business data

• Emergency data

• Environmental data to service platform

From service platform to end users

• Professional and consumer

• How do you do things locally (applies to this proximity)?

• How do you serve this through a remote service provider

• Real location versus Point of Interest POI

Temporal adjustment of (geospatial) data

• Time-indexed data to be viewed from/aa specific place, in real time

• 4th dimension

Existing practice

Meteorology uses:

• Point & Line data (BUFR)• Gridded data (GRIB)

• In specialized standardized WMO formats to minimize bandwidth

• Batch orientated

• Data is usually ‘all or nothing’ fire-hose for large area of Earth

• 4D is natural

• Interoperability for >100 years

Augmented Reality uses:

• No specific data formats

• Streamed by location

• Point/feature orientated

• No levels or orography

• No time dimension other than ‘now’

• Interoperability just starting

04/19/23

CONFIDENTIAL

11


Meteorological Background


Wilhem BjerknesLewis Fry RichardsonJules Charney

Alan TuringJohn von Neumann

04/19/23

CONFIDENTIAL

14


Scales and Predictability

Thunderstorm10 km1 hour3 hours

2 km

Tornado1km

10 minutes30 minutes

200m

Front100 km

12 hours36 hours

20 km

Planetary Wave10000 km

3 days9 days

2000 km

…but if we know what the planetary wave characteristics will be in 9 days, we can give an accurate probabilistic tornado forecast

Increasing scale

Increasing lifetime

Increasing predictability

Model resolution


Influence of grid length on forecasts

60km forecast from 00UTC

Forecast rainfall accumulations for

1200-1800UTC 16/8/2004

12km forecast from 00UTC 4km forecast from 00UTC 1km forecast from 00UTC

5km radar actual


Current Forecasting Capability

04/19/23 18

Current NWP Vertical resolution


NWP State of the Art 2013

15 Centres forecast Globally• 15-20Km resolution, 70-90 levels, 1-4 times/day

• ~1MW electricity per supercomputer

70 Centres Regional/National/Local forecasts• <40 Centres have 1Km to 5Km resolution• 4-8 times/day

191 National Met Services: “authoritative voice”• Timeliness, expiry

Ensembles: 12-24 simultaneous forecasts© Crown copyright Met Office


How?

renderingrendering

computation

computation

User interface

User interface

04/19/23 22

Meteorological Services

1. Preparation

2. Transmission

3. Publication

5. Query

4. Check availability

7. Presentation

6. Response


1. Data prepared internally (creation of forecast dataset)

2. Data transmitted to external facing server, chopped into tiles

3. Tiled data made 'visible' to client application's on-line content store

4. When client application queries on-line content store, it knows where and

how to retrieve the wind dataset

5. Client queries tile-cache on Met Office data server for tiles covering the

client's location

6. Necessary data is returned to the client app

7. Data processed on client application to 'AR friendly‘

8. Wind AR information finally presented to user with options for navigating

to more data via the UI

Proof of Concept details - 1Amazon EC2 store (password protected)• Agreement already in place• Escalation• Redundancy• Authentication & Authorization

Meteo data in WMO GRIB or NetCDF• 971 x 597 grid points• 4 / day ( fresh data every 6 hour) batch feeds• T-48 hours to T+36 hours in rolling buffer

Convert to CSV grid in Lat/Long with IRIS & CartoPy

AWILA converts CSV to Slippy Map tileset, Level 11

URL not Request/Response• 1 tile per level or time, 7.4MB• 1 tile for several parameters• 9 tiles around location

Wavefront OBJ model for the arrows© Crown copyright Met Office

Proof of Concept details - 2AWILA: Augment What I Look At

• Augmented Reality + Geospatial, written in Java

• SQLServer for data Service Catalogue

• Uses OGC Simple Features GeoAPI

• Can change altitude of viewpoint

• Can switch video on / off

• Switch between real location and POI

• Has time scroll

• Ingest various data-streams (WFS, WMS, ESRI, pipe-work, weather data)

• Can store data for canned replays along a route



Way Forward?


Future NWP

2015

• Global Models at 15 Km, 100 levels

• National Models at 1 Km

2020

• Global models at 8 Km, ~150 levels

• National models at 0.3 Km

No global provider at <1 Km resolution, so

interoperability essential


• UK Met Office wants to develop a system that is universal

– Data from any source (including but not limited to UK) would work

– As long as it is formatted in accordance with open data and our specifications

– No interpolation – safety critical

– Deterministic wind values unlikely ever to be finer than 100m and more frequent than 10 mins.

• Benefits to using Amazon

Goal: Expand OGC StandardsFrom Map Tiles to Data Tiles

Web Map Services

• Problem

• Not sufficiently fast

• Solution

• Create Map Tiles

• Web Map Tile Service

Web Coverage Services

• Problem

• Not sufficiently fast

• Solution

• Create Data Tiles

• Create Web Data Tile Service

04/19/23

CONFIDENTIAL

29

Ows-10?

Immediate ExperimentsEasy

• Windsocks not arrows

• Multiple levels, vertical data set at specific place

• Other providers

• Standard WMO format before tiling

• Flexible CartoPy, IRIS

Slighter more work

• Other parameters (how to visualise?)

• Combine with orography

• Combine with severe weather warning areas

• Alternative to Amazon EC2 cloud© Crown copyright Met Office

Way forward

AWILA– More exposure of the AWILA browser

– Increase usefulness, visibility

PEREY– To make the invisible visible

– To make AR useful

– Explore 3D AR

Meteorology– OGC standard for data tiling

– OGC 4D and time mainstream

– Common interface for real time & archived data


Questions & answers

Questions & Answers


04/19/23

CONFIDENTIAL

34

Meteorological Satellites

04/19/23

CONFIDENTIAL

35

Choose Data Sets

04/19/23

CONFIDENTIAL

36

Initial Requirements

Technical Requirements• Make 3D objects interact

with things that don’t move

• Data presentation in vertical plane

• Temporal plane (time varying)

• Real time

• Play back (time series)

Business Requirements• Location and data accuracy

• Location and data precision

• One data set, many services

• One device, many data sets

• Any network, any device and all data sets

Relevant OGC Standards

Established• CityGML

• WMS

• Web Map Tiling Service

• SLD/SE

• WFS/T

• WCS

• Open LS

Emerging• GeoSMS

• Indoor GML

• ARML 2.0

• Sensor Web for IoT

• GeoPackage

• Sites for Mobile

Other Standards

W3C

• Many relevant standards

Khronos Group

• WebGL

• OpenGL ES

• OpenSL

• COLLADA

• StreamInput

OASIS

• Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)

United Nations ITU/ISO/WMO

• H.264

• TC-211

• Meteorological: GRIB, BUFR,…

• MPEG ARAF

• MPEG-V

Potential Impacts of the Work

• Increase real time access to geospatial data

• Increase temporal element in geospatial

• Increase use of 3D

• Greater cooperation with other SDOs

• Relevance of OGC standards

• Professional

• Government

• Consumer

Managed services require the policies are observed• Data on device will erase itself after time interval

• Authentication and safe guards

• Must be a real time service

• Classic example is Meteoalarm

• Weather alarms for Europe

• Green / Yellow / Red

• White (outdated information)

• Gray (where there is no information) 3D data void?

• Need something similar safeguard in the service in the roadmap for commercial/managed service

•Browser is based around tiled architecture

–In terms of server, you have a bunch of tiles (in slippy tiles format) in the system that Google, Bing and Open street map use–Define a scale between 1- 18, tile naming conventions, etc–A file server using that for 30-40 time slots

•Implicit in this is what’s the projection, all sorts of geospatial questions, they are all Lat Long



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