EXTENDED SAFETY DATA SHEET...sodium hydroxide 2% ≤ C

EXTENDED SAFETY DATA SHEET

According to Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1907/2006

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

Issue date: 18 - 03 -2011 Version: 0006 Page 1 of 38

Issue Date: 18.03.2011 Version number: 0006 Supersedes / Cancels: Rev. 0005, July 2009 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE / MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY /

UNDERTAKING 1.1 Product Identifier Trade name: SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE Substance name: Sodium hypochlorite EC No.: 231-668-3 REACH Registration No.: 01-2119488154-34-0005 CAS No.: 7681-52-9 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against 1.2.1 Relevant identified uses USES BY WORKERS IN INDUSTRIAL SETTINGS

Manufacture and formulation (ES0) Industrial Use (ES1) Industrial and professional cleaning (ES2)

USES BY PROFESSIONAL WORKERS Industrial and professional cleaning (ES2)

USES BY CONSUMERS Consumer use (ES3)

1.2.2 Uses advised against There are no uses advised against. 1.3 Details of the supplier of the Safety Data Sheet Supplier / Manufacturer: HELLENIC PETROLEUM S.A. Street address: 8A Chimarras Str. Country / Postcode / Place: GREECE, 151 25, Maroussi Telephone number / Fax: (+30) 2106302000 / (+30) 2106302510, 2106302511 E-mail: [email protected] 1.4 Emergency telephone number National Emergency Centre: 166 National Poison Centre: (+30) 2107793777



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification of the substance 2.1.1 Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [CLP/GHS]

Aquatic Acute 1 H400 Skin Corr. 1B H314

Contact with acids liberates toxic gas (>=5%) EUH031 2.1.2 Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC R31 (>= 5%) C; R34 N; R50 2.1.3 Additional information Sodium hypochlorite is listed on Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP). The harmonized classification and labelling according to CLP regulation is given in section 2.1.1. However, in addition it is proposed to classify the substance as:

Met. Corr. 1 H290 Eye Damage 1 H318

STOT Single Exp. 3 H335 M-Factor: 10

Sodium hypochlorite is listed on Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD). The harmonized classification and labelling according to DSD directive is given in section 2.1.2. However, in addition it is proposed to classify the substance as:

Xi R37 For full text of R-phrases and Hazard- and EU Hazard-statements: see section 16. 2.2 Label elements Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [CLP/GHS] Hazard pictograms

GHS05 GHS07 GHS09

Signal word D a n g e r



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Hazard statements H290 May be corrosive to metals H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage H335 May cause respiratory irritation H400 Very toxic to aquatic life Precautionary statements P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face

protection. P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P303 + P361+ P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated

clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. P305 + P351 + P338

IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P403 + P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. Supplemental Hazard Information (EU): EUH031: Contact with acids liberates toxic gas (Specific concentration limit >=5%). Labelling according to Directive 67/548/EEC Symbol(s)

Indication(s) of danger Corrosive: C Dangerous for the environment: N Risk phrases R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas (Specific concentration limits: >=5%) R34 Causes burns R37 Irritating to respiratory system R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms Safety advice S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of … (to be specified by

the manufacturer) Additional text …water. S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


(show the label where possible) S50 Do not mix with …(to be specified by the manufacturer) Additional text …acids. S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data

sheet S1/2 Keep locked up and out of the reach of children 2.3 Other hazards PBT and vPvB assessment This substance does not meet the criteria for PBT, vPvB in accordance with Annex XIII. 3. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS 3.1 Substance Description: Sodium hypochlorite does not exist as a pure salt at room temperature. It is produced and handled in form of aqueous solutions only. Concentration of constituents, impurities and stabilisers are expressed for 24% w/w available chlorine equivalent solution.

Hazardous ingredients:

CAS No EC No Index No REACH Registration No

% (weight) Name

Classification according to 67/548/EEC

7681-52-9 231-668-3 017-011-00-1 01-2119488154-34-0005 25

sodium hypochlorite, solution ... %

Cl active

C; R34 R31

N; R50

7732-18-5 231-791-2 n/a n/a 44 water n/a

7647-14-5 231-598-3 n/a n/a 28 sodium chloride n/a

1310-73-2 215-185-5 011-002-00-6 01-2119457892-27-0010 <2.5 sodium hydroxide 2% ≤ C< 5%: C; R34

CAS No EC No Index No REACH Registration No

% (weight) Name

Classification according to Regulation

(EC) No 1272/2008

7681-52-9 231-668-3 017-011-00-1 01-2119488154-34-0005 25

sodium hypochlorite, solution ... %

Cl active

Skin Corr. 1B, H314;

Aquatic Acute 1, H400;

EUH031: C ≥ 5 % 7732-18-5 231-791-2 n/a n/a 44 water n/a

7647-14-5 231-598-3 n/a n/a 28 sodium chloride n/a

1310-73-2 215-185-5 011-002-00-6 01-2119457892-27-0010 <2.5 sodium hydroxide

2% ≤ C <5%: Skin Corr. 1B;

H314



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Additional information: Sodium hypochlorite is listed on Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP). The harmonized classification and labelling according to CLP regulation is given in the table above. The substance is self-classified as stated in section 2.1. Sodium hypochlorite is listed on Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD). The harmonized classification and labelling according to DSD directive is given in the table above. The substance is self-classified as stated in section 2.1. For full text of R- and H-phrases: refer to section 16. 4. FIRST AID MEASURES 4.1 Description of first aid measures General Notes: Under the shower. Take off immediately all contaminated clothing, including shoes. Protection of first-aiders: In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. Following inhalation: Inhalation of vapours/mists: Move to fresh air. Oxygen or artificial respiration if needed. Keep under medical surveillance. In case of problems: Hospitalise. Following skin contact: Wash immediately, abundantly and thoroughly with water. Consult a physician. In case of extensive burns, hospitalize. Following eye contact: Wash open eyes immediately, abundantly and thoroughly for at least 15 minutes. Consult an ophthalmologist immediately. Following ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth and lips with plenty of water if the subject is conscious, then hospitalize. Notes for the doctor: Consider oral administration of sodium thiosulfate solutions if sodium hypochlorite is ingested. Do not administer neutralizing substances since the resultant exothermic reaction could further damage tissue. Endotracheal intubation could be needed if glottic edema compromises the airway. For individuals with significant inhalation exposure, monitor arterial blood gases and chest x-ray. 4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Symptoms: No available data. Risks: No available data. 4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Treatment (Basic): Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary. Monitor for shock and treat if



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


necessary. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary. For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport. Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Do not attempt to neutralize. 5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES 5.1 Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media: Water spray. Unsuitable extinguishing media: No available data. 5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Specific hazards arising from the chemical: Dry residue: Contact with combustible material may cause fire. Drying the solid using heat can lead to violent exothermic decomposition. Specific methods: In case of fire nearby, remove exposed containers. Cool containers / tanks with water spray. Hazardous combustion products: The product is neither flammable nor combustible, reacts violently with water and gives off hydrogen by reaction with metals. 5.3 Advice for fire-fighters Level of protection advised: Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) with a chemical protection suit.

Other protective equipment for fire-fighters: No available data. 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES 6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures 6.1.1 For non-emergency personnel Removal of ignition sources, provision of sufficient ventilation, and control of dust: Prohibit contact with skin and eyes and inhalation of vapours. Use personal protective equipment. Ensure adequate ventilation. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. Emergency procedures: No available data.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


6.1.2 For emergency responders Wear suitable protective equipment. 6.2 Environmental precautions

Do not release into the environment. Do not let product enter drains. Dam up and absorb on an inert material.

6.3 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up 6.3.1 For containment Pump into a clean labelled emergency container. After cleaning, flush away traces with water. Recover water for later processing. 6.3.2 For cleaning up Neutralize contaminated water with a sodium thiosulphate solution. 6.3.3 Other information Refer to Section 13 for disposal of spilled material. 6.4 Reference to other sections Refer to Sections 8 and 13. 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE 7.1 Precautions for safe handling 7.1.1 Protective measures Information on safe handling:

Avoid splashing when handling. Only dilute with de-ionised water (cationic resin). Provide waterproof electrical equipment.

Measures to prevent fire/explosion: No available data. Measures to prevent aerosol and dust generation: No available data.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Measures to protect the environment: Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain

liquid or solid material (Hypochlorite solution containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt).

Environmental considerations - water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3); if dissolved, in region of 10ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at 10 times the spilled amt; use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates (Hypochlorite solution containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt).

Environmental considerations - air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapours (Hypochlorite solution containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt).

7.1.2 Advice on general occupational hygiene

Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Prohibit contact with skin and eyes and inhalation of vapours. When using, do not eat, drink or smoke. Wash hands after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Technical measures and storage conditions: Storage and handling precautions applicable to products: Liquid – Corrosive - With suffocating vapours - Dangerous for the environment.

Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at machinery. Provide showers, eye-baths. Provide self-contained breathing apparatus nearby.

Packaging materials:

Suitable material: Vulcanised or rubber coated steel Polyethylene Reinforced polyester

Unsuitable material: Iron Stainless steel Copper and copper alloys Aluminium Unprotected

Requirements for storage rooms and vessels:

Keep tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Use non-combustible construction materials. Store away from moisture and heat to maintain the technical properties of the product. Protect against light. Use only clean equipment. Provide impermeable floor. Provide a catch-tank and anti-corrosion protected electrical equipment in a bunded area. Store between: 15°C to 25°C.

Storage class 8



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Further information on storage conditions: Incompatible products: Acids, Ammonia, Combustible material.

7.3 Specific end use(s) Refer to the Exposure Scenarios attached to current Safety Data Sheet. 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION 8.1 Control parameters (According to Greek Legislation 90/1999) 8.1.1 National Limit Values No available data.

8.1.2 Information on currently recommended monitoring procedures For the production of sodium hypochlorite: Integrated Chlor-Alkali production plants are often equipped with chlorine detectors in different locations. They can generally detect 0.1ppmV and have a pre-alarm level of 0.25ppmV and an alarm level of 0.5ppmV. The measuring device used for chlorine monitoring is an electrochemical sensor, which is sensible not only to chlorine, but also to other chlorinated substances present in the air. Chlorine concentration measured in the atmosphere of a Chlor-Alkali plant takes into account the exposure coming from the production of various substances (chlorine and, in most cases, other chlorinated chemicals). 8.1.3 Applicable occupational exposure limit values and/or biological limit values for air contaminants (if formed when using the substance/mixture as intended) No available data. 8.1.4 DNEL/PNEC values:

Exposure Route of relevance

Descriptor Acute - systemic effects

Acute - local

effects

Long-term - systemic

effects

Long-term – local effects

WORKERS

Human: Inhalation DN(M)EL 3.1

mg/m3 3.1

mg/m3 1.55

mg/m3 1.55

mg/m3

Justification: STEL derived by SCOEL is used as DNEL for acute inhalation exposure: 0.5 ppm of chlorine for exposure duration of 15 minutes. This value is equal 3.1mg/m3 hypochlorite taking molecular ratio and molecular weight into account. SCOEL does not recommend an 8-hour TWA. Data that is available from human volunteer studies. From this data, a NOEL of 0.5 ppm is selected. This value is equal 1.55mg/m3 hypochlorite taking molecular ration and molecular weight into account.

Human: Dermal DN(M)EL n/a n/a n/a

0.5% in mixture (weight basis)



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Justification: The NOAEL is 0.1% and the LOAEL is 0.5%, based on a 15% decrease of basal cell viability. As this decrease is marginal, and as human case reports supports a NOAEL of 0.5%, as specified in the EU RAR, a NOAEL for local effects after repeated dermal exposure of 0.5% is thus established. A concentration of 0.5% is equivalent to 6.8 g/L (with a density of 1.3 g/mL and a correction factor of 1.05 (74.5/71) convert the doses given in active chlorine to NaOCl).

GENERAL POPULATION



Acute - local

effects


effects


Human: Inhalation DN(M)EL 3.1

mg/m3 3.1

mg/m3 1.55

mg/m3 1.55

mg/m3

Justification: SCOEL has derived a STEL (15min) for chlorine (SEG/SUM/76final, 1998). SCOEL considers that occupational exposure levels should not exceed 0.5ppm. The STEL derived by the SCOEL is used as DNEL for acute inhalation exposure: 0.5ppm of chlorine for exposure duration of 15 minutes. This value is equal 3.1mg/m3 hypochlorite taking molecular ratio and molecular weight into account. Human: Oral DN(M)EL n/a n/a 0.26 mg/kg

bwday n/a

Justification: Based on the highest NOAEL which lower then the lowest LOAEL level (which incorporates in its evaluation all relevant – i.e. most sensitive - parameters). AF=4 for the interspecies variation, additional AF=2.5 for other interspecies differences, AF=2 for extrapolation from subchronic to chronic exposure, AF=10 for intraspecies differences (general population). Final AF=200. In addition a correction factor of 1.05 (74.5/71) has to be applied to convert the doses given in active chlorine to NaOCl.

Human: Dermal DN(M)EL n/a n/a n/a

0.5% in mixture (weight basis)

Justification: The NOAEL is 0.1% and the LOAEL is 0.5%, based on a 15% decrease of basal cell viability. As this decrease is marginal, and as human case reports supports a NOAEL of 0.5%, as specified in the EU RAR, a NOAEL for local effects after repeated dermal exposure of 0.5% is thus established. A concentration of 0.5% is equivalent to 6.8 g/L (with a density of 1.3 g/mL and a correction factor of 1.05 (74.5/71) convert the doses given in active chlorine to NaOCl).

ENVIRONMENT

Environment: Water

PNEC aqua-freshwater n/a n/a 0.21 µg/L

Justification: The PNEC freshwater was derived from the most sensitive long- term test for the aquatic compartment and the toxicity test on periphyton. AF=10.

Environment: Water

PNEC aqua-marine n/a n/a 0.042 µg/L

Justification: For the calculation of the PNEC aqua-marine the same set of data as for freshwater PNEC is used (pooling freshwater and marine water toxicity tests). AF=50.

Environment: Water

PNEC aqua-intermittent

releases 0.26 µg/L

Justification: The calculation of the PNEC aqua-intermittent releases was derived based on most sensitive tests available for short-term fresh water organisms. AF=100. Environment: PNEC STP 0.03 mg/L



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


STP Justification: PNEC STP was derived from results obtained in the Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test. AF=100.



Acute - local

effects


effects


Secondary poisoning

PNEC-oral

11.1 mg/kg food

Justification: The NOAEL (rat) was converted to a NOEC by a conversion factor of 20.

Justification for (no) DNEL derivation

Acute exposure A) Acute / short-term exposure (dermal) A DNEL for acute/short-term, dermal exposure will not be derived for the following reasons:

The acute toxicity of corrosive substances is more related to concentration than to dose; extrapolation from data obtained with hypochlorite solutions to a fictive 100% sodium hypochlorite is not possible.

Sodium Hypochlorite is not classified regarding acute dermal toxicity. High peak exposures do not occur during the manufacturing or use. The risk for dermal corrosion/irritation will be evaluated qualitatively (see repeated dose

toxicity). B) Acute - short-term exposure (oral) A DNEL for acute/short-term, oral exposure will not be derived for the following reasons:

Effects of accidental ingestion of domestic sodium hypochlorite bleaches (strongly diluted hypochlorite solutions only) are not expected to lead to severe or permanent damage of the gastrointestinal tract as recovery is rapid and without any permanent health consequences, based on human data.

The acute toxicity of corrosive substances is more related to concentration than to dose; extrapolation from data obtained with hypochlorite solutions to a fictive 100% sodium hypochlorite is not possible.

As the highest concentrations of hypochlorite solutions industrially produced and marketed are about 15%, and solutions marketed for consumer use are typically 5% or less, it can be concluded from the data presented that hypochlorite solutions are of low acute oral toxicity. This is confirmed by the available data from human accidents, where the few deaths that have occurred after hypochlorite ingestion are mostly attributable to aspiration pneumonia.

High peak exposures do not occur during the manufacturing or use. Justification for (no) PNEC derivation

PNEC sediment (freshwater, marine water) No hypochlorite will remain in presence of organic carbon contained in sediment.

PNEC soil No hypochlorite will remain in presence of organic carbon contained in soil.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


8.1.5 Specific control banding recommendation (if control banding approach is used) Not applicable. 8.2 Exposure controls 8.2.1 Appropriate engineering controls / Technical measures to prevent exposure:

Provide sufficient air exchange and/or exhaust in work rooms. Product related measures to prevent exposure:

Avoid breathing vapours. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amt of water or

soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Organisational measures to prevent exposure: No available data. 8.2.2 Individual protection measures, such as personal protection equipment Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), in the case of hazardous fumes.

8.2.2.1 Eye / face protection:

Safety glasses with side-shields.

8.2.2.2 Skin protection:

Hand protection: Splash contact, intermittent and prolonged PVC gloves. Glove thickness: 1.2 mm (breakthrough time>8h) Skin and body protection:

At the workplace: waterproof suit, boots. Intervention at incident: Complete chemical protection

suit, boots. 8.2.2.3 Respiratory protection:

In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment.

In the case of hazardous fumes, wear self contained breathing apparatus.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


8.2.3 Environmental exposure controls: Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to

containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties a) Appearance Form: liquid, Colour: yellow and limpid (at room

temperature) b) Odour Chlorinated c) Odour threshold N/A d) pH N/A e) Melting point/freezing point The melting point of "24.3% available chlorine"

sodium hypochlorite is determined to be -28.9°C. f) Initial boiling point and boiling range N/A. Sodium hypochlorite solution is an aqueous

mixture of inorganic salts. Water evaporates when heating the solution. For temperatures higher than 60°C water starts to evaporate and after removal of water, white crystals are observed on the bottom of the test vessel. Thus, the boiling point cannot be determined.

g) Flash point No flash point was observed up to 111°C (corrected at the pressure of 101.3kPa) during the preliminary test. No main test was performed.

h) Evaporation rate N/A i) Flammability N/A. For a liquid such as the aqueous solution of

sodium hypochlorite, the primary value for ease of ignition is the flash point. No flash point was observed up to 111°C. Thus the substance is not regarded as flammable.

j) Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits

N/A. Non-flammable, Non-explosive.

k) Vapour pressure 2.5kPa at 20 °C l) Vapour density N/A m) Relative density The density of "24.3% available chlorine" is

determined to be 1.3 +/-0.001 at 21.2°C. n) Solubility(ies) Water Solubility at 25°C (mg/L): 1e+006 o) Partition coefficient: n-octanol/ water log Pow = - 3.42 p) Auto-ignition temperature N/A. In accordance with column 2 of REACH

Annex VII, the study does not need to be conducted for liquids non flammable in air.

q) Decomposition temperature N/A r) Viscosity The viscosity of "24.3 active chlorine" sodium

hypochlorite was determined to be: 6.2 – 6.6mPa.s (at 20°C ± 0.2°C). For a rotation of 200 rpm (at 40°C ± 0.2°C): 4.0mPa.s.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


s) Explosive properties N/A. In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VII, explosive properties test (required in section 7.11) does not need to be conducted as there are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in sodium hypochlorite.

t) Oxidising properties N/A, based on available study. 9.2 Other information 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY 10.1 Reactivity Diminution of titration about 1.35° chlorometric per day at 17°C. 10.2 Chemical stability Stability of the solution decreases under the action of heat, light, and in the presence of impurities (traces of iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, aluminium, manganese).

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions

No information available.

10.4 Conditions to avoid

Keep at temperatures of between: 15 - 25°C. Product is sensitive to light and moisture.

10.5 Incompatible materials Acids (violent decomposition with release of chlorine), Metals (decomposition with formation of oxygen), Combustible material.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


10.6 Hazardous decomposition products Chlorine, Hypochlorous acid, Sodium chlorate. 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION 11.1 Information on toxicological effects A) Acute toxicity:

Method: Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline Species: Rat

Amount/concentration applied: Duration of treatment/exposure: 14 days

Results: Acute Toxicity-Oral LD50 = 1.1 g/kg bw (OECD TG 401) Acute Toxicity-Dermal LD50 > 20 g/kg bw (OECD TG 402) Acute Toxicity-Inhalation LC50 > 10.5 g/m3 air*

* In the acute inhalation toxicity study, generalised inactivity and lacrimation were evident at the dose of 10.5 mg av Cl/L. The LC50 was determined to be greater than 10.5 mg av Cl/L.

B) Skin corrosion/irritation: The mean score obtained from intact skin (sum of mean erythema and edema scores at 4, 24 and 48 hours) was 1.0. All symptoms were reversible. The mean score for intact human skin was found to be 3.9 at the same concentration. These results are in line with the Specific Concentration Limits (SCL) obtained for sodium hypochlorite 67/548/EEC (DSD-DPD).

Method: In vivo, according to OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Species: Rabbit, Guinea pig Amount/concentration applied: 5.3 % active substance

Duration of treatment/exposure: 4 hours Results: Slightly irritating

C) Serious eye damage/irritation:

Method: In vivo. According to 16 CFR 1500.42. Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Species: Rabbits, New Zealand White Amount/concentration applied: 0.1g

Observation period: 7 days Results: Irritating

Method: In vivo. Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 405

(Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion) Species: Rabbit: albino / Monkey

Amount/concentration applied: 0.1ml / 5.5% active substance Observation period: >35 days

Results: Irritating

D) Respiratory or skin sensitisation:



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Method: In vivo, Buehler test. Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)

Species: Guinea pig Route of induction exposure: Epicutaneous, occlusive Route of challenge exposure: Epicutaneous, occlusive

Amount/concentration applied: 25, 40 or 50% Results: Not sensitising

E) Germ cell mutagenicity (Genetic toxicity in vitro / in vivo):

Method: In vitro. Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Species: S. typhimurium TA100, TA98 Doses/concentrations: Unspecified

Results: Not mutagenic

Method: In vitro. Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Species: S. typhimurium: TA98, TA100 Doses/concentrations: 0.1 – 100 µg/ml

Results: Not mutagenic

Method: In vitro. Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 473 (In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)

Species: CHL Cells Doses/concentrations: 3 concentrations (only maximum concentrations of 0.5

mg/ml detailed) Results: Not mutagenic

Method: In vivo. DNA damage and/or repair Species: Rat

Doses/concentrations: 900 mg/kg (single dose level) Results: Not mutagenic


(Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test) Species: Mouse

Doses/concentrations: 0, 1.6, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg bw/day Results: Not mutagenic


(Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test)

Species: Mouse Doses/concentrations: 0, 1.6, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg bw/day

Results: Not mutagenic F) Carcinogenicity:

Method: Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 453 (Combined Chronic Toxicity / Carcinogenicity Studies)

Species: Rat Route of administration: Oral: drinking water

Doses/concentrations: 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg bw/day Duration of treatment/exposure: 104 weeks

Results: Not carcinogenic



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Method: Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 451 (Carcinogenicity Studies)

Species: Rat / Mouse Route of administration: Oral: drinking water

Doses/concentrations: 25 and 50 mg/kg bw/day Duration of treatment/exposure: Until study week 104 (rats), 103 (mice)



Species: Rat Route of administration: Oral: drinking water

Doses/concentrations: 0, 3.5, 7, 13.75 mg/kg bw/day Duration of treatment/exposure: 103-104 weeks



Species: Mouse Route of administration: Oral: drinking water

Doses/concentrations: 0, 11.7, 23.3, 45.8 mg/kg bw/day Duration of treatment/exposure: 103-104 weeks

Results: Not carcinogenic G) Toxicity to reproduction:

Method: Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 415 (One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study)

Species: Rat Route of administration: Oral: gavage

Doses/concentrations: 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg bw/day Duration of treatment/exposure: Males: 56 days; Females: 14 days

Results: LO(A)EL: Parent males > 5.0 mg/kg bw/day Parent females > 5.0 mg/kg bw/day F1 males > 5.0 mg/kg bw/day F1 females > 5.0 mg/kg bw/day NO(A)EL: Parent males ≥ 5.0 mg/kg bw/day Parent females ≥ 5.0 mg/kg bw/day F1 males ≥ 5.0 mg/kg bw/day F1 females ≥ 5.0 mg/kg bw/day

Method: Fertility test Species: Rat

Route of administration: Oral: drinking water Doses/concentrations: 100 mg free chlorine per liter

Duration of treatment/exposure: Results: LO(A)EL:

Maternal > 100mg/L, corresponding to 5.7 mg/kg bw/d (based on available chlorine) Reproduction > 100mg/L, corresponding to 5 mg/kg bw/d for males and 5.7 mg/kg bw/d for females (based on available chlorine) Developmental > 100mg/L, corresponding to 5.7 mg/kg bw/d (based on available chlorine)



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


NO(A)EL: Maternal ≥ 100mg/L, corresponding to 5.7 mg/kg bw/d (based on available chlorine) Reproduction ≥ 100mg/L, corresponding to 5 mg/kg bw/d for males and 5.7 mg/kg bw/d for females (based on available chlorine) Developmental ≥ 100mg/L, corresponding to 5.7 mg/kg bw/d (based on available chlorine)

Method: Fertility test Species: Mouse

Route of administration: Oral: drinking water Doses/concentrations: 10ppm residual chlorine

Duration of treatment/exposure: 6 months (from birth on) Results: LO(A)EL:

Maternal > 10ppm, corresponding to 2 mg/kg bw/d (assuming a body weight of 25 g and a water consumption of 5mL/d) Reproduction > 10ppm, corresponding to 1.7 mg/kg bw/d for males and 2 mg/kg bw/d for females (assuming a body weight of 30 and 25 g and a water consumption of 5mL/d) Developmental > 10ppm, corresponding to 2 mg/kg bw/d (assuming a body weight of 25 g and a water consumption of 5mL/d) NO(A)EL: Maternal >= 10ppm, corresponding to 2 mg/kg bw/d (assuming a body weight of 25 g and a water consumption of 5mL/d) Reproduction >= 10ppm, corresponding to 1.7 mg/kg bw/d for males and 2 mg/kg bw/d for females (assuming a body weight of 30 and 25 g and a water consumption of 5mL/d) Developmental >= 10ppm, corresponding to 2 mg/kg bw/d (assuming a body weight of 25 g and a water consumption of 5mL/d)

H) STOT-single exposure: No available data.

I) STOT-repeated exposure: No available data.

J) Aspiration hazard: No available data.



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12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 12.1 Toxicity 12.1.1 Aquatic Toxicity Short-term toxicity to fish:

Fresh water fish, LC50: 0.06 mg/l Marine water fish, LC50: 0.032 mg/l

Long-term toxicity to fish: EC10/LC10 or NOEC for marine

water fish: 0.04 mg/l

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates: EC50/LC50 for freshwater

invertebrates: 0.141 mg/l

EC50/LC50 for marine water invertebrates:

0.026 mg/l

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates: EC10/LC10 or NOEC for marine

water invertebrates: 0.007 mg/l

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria: EC10/LC10 or NOEC for freshwater

algae: 0.0021 mg/l

Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae: EC50/LC50 for freshwater plants: 0.1 mg/l EC10/LC10 or NOEC for freshwater

plants: 0.02 mg/l

Toxicity to microorganisms: EC50/LC50: 3 mg/l

12.1.2 Sediment Toxicity: Hypochlorite dissipates rapidly in contact with soil with a DT50 of < 1 minutes. Therefore, long-term effects are not expected and consequently, long-term toxicity tests to sediment organisms are not necessary. 12.1.3 Terrestrial Toxicity: In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex IX and X, terrestrial toxicity studies do not need to be conducted as the equilibrium partitioning method was applied to assess the hazard. The substance has no high potential to adsorb to soil and is not persistent. In addition, hypochlorite dissipates rapidly in contact with soil with a DT50 of < 1 minutes. Therefore, toxicological effects are not expected and consequently terrestrial toxicity testing is not necessary. Furthermore, the results of the chemical safety assessment do not indicate the need to investigate further the effects of the substance and/or relevant degradation products on terrestrial organisms.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Toxicity to birds: In an avian repeated dose toxicity study with Japanese quails the NOEL was determined to be 200mg chlorine/L. The LOEL was 400mg chlorine/L based on smaller but functional testes. 12.2 Persistence and degradability 12.2.1 Persistence Assessment Sodium hypochlorite is not considered persistent. In water, in the sewer and during sewage treatment, the degradation of hypochlorite is modelled by Vandepitte and Schowanek and the concentration is calculated to drop down to “zero” within a few minutes after release into the sewer. In soil, free active chlorine reacts rapidly with organic matter. The ultimate fate of hypochlorite in soil is its reduction to chloride. In the atmosphere, hypochlorous acid degrades photolytically to atomic chlorine and hydroxyl radicals OH° with a calculated half life (Atkinson calculation) of 2750 hours, but there are indications that the half life is much shorter (only a few hours). 12.2.2 Stability Hydrolysis: In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, the hydrolysis test does not need to be conducted as the reaction of chlorine with water and the speciation of the resulting products hypochlorus acid and hypochlorite anion were well investigated and published several times. There is no need to perform an additional guideline study as the solution of chlorine in water is a well known and characterised process. 12.2.3 Biodegradation Biodegradation in water: According to the REACH Regulation, the study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic (Annex VII, Column 2 adaption). Biodegradation in water and sediment: According to the REACH Regulation, the study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic (Annex VII, Column 2 adaption). Biodegradation in soil: According to the REACH Regulation, the study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic (Annex VII, Column 2 adaption). 12.3 Bioaccumulative potential Hypochlorite does not bio-accumulate or bio-concentrate due to its high water solubility and high reactivity. The concentration of hypochlorite in the environment is modelled by Vandepitte and Schowanek and is estimated to drop down to “zero” within the first minutes after release in the sewer. In addition, according to the hypothesised logKow = -3.42 no bioaccumulation is expected. 12.4 Mobility in soil No data available.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment Sodium hypochlorite does not fulfil the criteria for persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Therefore, NaOCl is not considered a PBT or vPvB substance. 12.6 Other adverse effects 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS 13.1 Waste treatment methods

13.1.1 Product / Packaging disposal: Clean container with water. Recover waste water for processing later.

13.1.2 Waste treatment – relevant information:

Dilute with water. Neutralize contaminated water with a sodium thiosulphate solution. Recover waste water for processing later.

13.1.3 Sewage disposal – relevant information: No available data.

13.1.4 Other disposal recommendations: 13.2 Additional information 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

UN Number: 1791 UN Proper Shipping Name: Hypochlorite en solution Transport Hazard Class(es): 8 Packing group: II Environmental hazards (UN Model Regulations/2003):

Limited quantities: 1L Packagings and IBCs: P001, IBC02 Portable tanks and bulk containers: Instructions: T7,

Special provisions: TP2, TP24

Land transport (ADR/RID)

Special precautions for user: None



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


UN Number: 1791 UN Proper Shipping Name: Hypochlorite en solution Transport Hazard Class(es): 8 Packing group: II Environmental hazards (UN Model Regulations/2003):

Limited quantities: 1L Packagings and IBCs: P001, IBC02 Portable tanks and bulk containers: Instructions: T7,

Special provisions: TP2, TP24

Inland waterway transport (AND(R))

Special precautions for user: None

UN Number: 1791 UN Proper Shipping Name: Hypochlorite en solution Transport Hazard Class(es): 8 Packing group: II Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant

Marine transport (IMDG Code)

Special precautions for user: None Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and

the IBC Code: Product: Sodium hypochlorite solution (15% or less) Pollution Category: Y Ship type: 2

UN Number: 1791 UN Proper Shipping Name: Hypochlorite solution I Transport Hazard Class(es): 8

Air transport (ICAO-TI/IATA-DGR)

Packing group: II Special precautions for user: None 14.1 Additional transport information ADR/RID/AND(R): Chemical name: Hypochlorite solution / Classification code: C9 / Labels: 8 IMDG: Chemical name: Hypochlorite solution / EmS number: F-A, S-B ICAO/IATA: Chemical name: Hypochlorite solution / Labels: 8 New Ltd Qty: Y840, Net Qty: 0.5L New Pax PI: 851, Net Qty: 1L New CAO PI: 855, Net Qty: 30L



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


15. REGULATORY INFORMATION 15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture - EU Regulations

DIRECTIVE 98/8/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 February 1998, concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market.

- Other EU Regulations - National Regulations

Presidential Decree (PD) 90/1999 (Official Gazette 94A), Determination of the limit values of workers’ exposure and maximum guiding values to certain chemical factors during their work in compliance with the provisions of Directives 91/322/EEC and 96/94/EU of European Commission and amendment and completion.

15.2 Chemical safety assessment A Chemical Safety Assessment has been carried out. 16. OTHER INFORMATION A) Indication of changes The previous version of the Safety Data Sheet for Sodium Hypochlorite (Rev. 5, July 2009) has been completely revised according to Regulations 1907/2006, 1272/2008, 453/2010. B) Abbreviations and acronyms ES Exposure Scenario CLP Classification, Labelling and Packaging GHS Global Harmonised System PBT Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic vPvB Very Persistent and Very Bioaccumulative TWA Time-Weighted-Average STOT Specific Target Organ Toxicity SCOEL Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits DNEL Derived No Effect Level PNEC Predicted No Effect Concentration STP Sewage Treatment Plant OECD Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development GPMT Guinea Pig Maximisation Test MEST MEsoderm Specific Transcript homolog (mouse) NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level NOEL No Observed Effect Level NOEC No Effect Concentration



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C) Key literature references and sources of data

1. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) - http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ 2. UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations

Thirteenth revised edition, PART 3 “Dangerous goods list and Limited quantities exceptions”, 2003.

3. IBC Code Chapters 17 and 18. 4. IATA, DG list by PI, Oct.2008 – http://www.iata.org

D) Classification and procedure used to derive the classification for mixtures according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 [CLP] Classification according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 Classification procedure

Skin Corr. 1B

Aquatic Acute 1

H314 H400

Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Annex VI Table 3.1, Sodium hypochlorite, solution ... % Cl active, Index 017-011-00-1

E) Relevant R-phrases and /or H-statements (number and full text) R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas R34 Causes burns R37 Irritating to respiratory system R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage H335 May cause respiratory irritation H400 Very toxic to aquatic life

F) Training advice G) Further information

DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY The information provided only concerns the specific product and may not apply for the same material if used in combination with any other material(s) or in any process. This information is accurate and reliable according to data which Hellenic Petroleum SA has available on the above date and is given in good faith but without any warranty. The present e-SDS is supplied to customers, for them to consider and judge that the information is appropriate and complete for their particular use of the product. It is their own obligation to pass on relevant exposure scenarios and to use the relevant information to compile their own e-SDSs.



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


EXPOSURE SCENARIO 1 of 4 ES0 - Worker in Industrial Settings

SECTION 1: EXPOSURE SCENARIO TITLE Title ES0 – Manufacturing and Formulation of Sodium Hypochlorite ;

CAS 7681-52-9 Use Descriptors

Sector of use category (SU): Main User Groups

SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations* at industrial sites

Sector of use category (SU): Supplementary descriptor: Sectors of end-use

SU8 Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)

SU10 Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging (excluding alloys)

Chemical product category (PC)

Process category (PROC)

PROC1 Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure

PROC2 Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure

PROC3 Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)

PROC4 Use in batch and other process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC5 Mixing or blending in batch processes for formulation of preparations* and articles (multistage and/or significant con-tact)

PROC8a Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at non-dedicated facilities

PROC8b Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities

PROC9 Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Environmental Release Category (ERC)

ERC1 Manufacture of substances

ERC2 Formulation of preparations

Processes, tasks, activities covered

Manufacture of the within closed systems. Includes incidental exposures during recycling/ recovery, material transfers, storage, sampling, associated laboratory activities, maintenance and loading (including marine vessel/barge, road/rail car and bulk container).

SECTION 2: OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS AND RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES

Section 2.1: Control of worker exposure Product characteristics

Physical form of product Liquid, vapour pressure 0.5 - 10 kPa at STP



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


[OC4].

Concentration of substance in product Covers percentage substance in the product up to 25% [G12]. Typically 12-14%

Amounts used Varies between millilitres (sampling) and cubic meters (material transfers) [OC13].

Frequency and duration of use Covers daily exposures up to 8 hours (unless stated differently) [G2]. Covers frequency up to: daily yearly use [G5].

Human factors not influenced by risk management Respiration volume under conditions of use: 10 m3/8h-day (light activity) Body weight: 70 kg (worker)

Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure

Indoor/Outdoor use [OOC3].

Contributing Scenarios Risk Management Measures

PROC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8a, 8b, 9 General measures applicable to all activities [CS135].

Handle substance within a closed system [E47]. Provide extract ventilation to points where (chlorine) emissions occur [E54]. Ensure operatives are trained to minimise exposures [EI19]. Wear suitable gloves (tested to EN374) and eye protection [PPE19]. Wear suitable coveralls to prevent exposure to the skin [PPE27]. Remove contaminated clothing, contaminated footwear and dispose of safely. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. In the case of hazardous fumes, wear self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Section 2.2: Control of environmental exposure Product characteristics

Physical form of product Liquid, vapour pressure 0.5 - 10 kPa at STP [OC4].

Concentration of substance in product Covers percentage substance in the product up to 25% [G12]. Typically 12-14%

Amounts used

[A5] Annual site tonnage (tonnes/year): 1195230 (EU, Total amount)

Frequency and duration of use Continuous release [FD2]. 360 days/year

Environmental factors not influenced by risk management

Dilution factor: 10 rivers, 100 costal zones (default)

Other Operational Conditions of use affecting environmental exposure

Available chlorine in effluent is measured as total residual chlorine (TRC).



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Do not release into the environment.

Do not let product enter drains.

In case of accidental release: dam up and absorb on an inert material.

Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil

Sewage treatment: No concern, activated sludge flocks are not very sensitive to hypochlorite.

Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site

Ensure operatives are trained to minimise exposures [EI19].

Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant

[STP5] Assumed domestic sewage treatment plant flow (m3/d):

2000

Dilute with water

Neutralize contaminated water with a sodium thiosulphate solution. Ensure all waste water is collected and treated via a WWTP [W6]. Recover waste water for processing later. Clean containers with water.

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste for disposal

Ensure all waste water is collected and treated via a WWTP [W6]. Recover waste water for processing later.

Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste

NR

Other environmental control measures additional to above

NR

SECTION 3: EXPOSURE ESTIMATION

3.1. Health Sodium hypochlorite production is in most cases integrated in a Chlor-Alkali plant, where chlorine and other chlorinated substances are produced. Measured data are available on chlorine atmospheric concentration in the workplace in different parts of the Chlor-Alkali plant and for different tasks. Using as a reasonable worst case the 90-percentile of the distribution of the exposure levels observed at each location, the short term and long term inhalation exposure to chlorine in the four tasks considered (cell-room operators, maintenance operators, filling and laboratory operators) were estimated. Exposure concentrations were modelled using EASE(v2.0). 3.2. Environment There is no significant release of sodium hypochlorite into the environment during Manufacturing and Formulation. SECTION 4: GUIDANCE TO CHECK COMPLIANCE WITH THE EXPOSURE SCENARIO

4.1. Health Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessary to define appropriate site-specific risk management measures [DSU1]. 4.2. Environment No additional risk management measures required [DSU7].



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


EXPOSURE SCENARIO 2 of 4 ES1 - Worker in Industrial Settings

SECTION 1: EXPOSURE SCENARIO TITLE Title ES1 – Industrial use of Sodium Hypochlorite ; CAS 7681-52-9

Use Descriptors

Sector of use category (SU): Main User Groups

SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations* at industrial sites


SU4 Manufacture of food products (used in specific manufacturing industry)

SU5 Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur (used in specific manufacturing industry)

SU6a Manufacture of wood and wood products (used in specific manufacturing industry)

SU6b Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products (used in specific manufacturing industry)

SU8 Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) (intermediate)

SU9 Manufacture of fine chemicals (intermediate)

SU10 Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging (excluding alloys) (used in specific manufacturing industry)

SU11 Manufacture of rubber products (used in specific manufacturing industry)

NACE 36 Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing n.e.c. (used in specific manufacturing industry)

NACE 9301 Washing and dry-cleaning of textile and fur products (used in specific manufacturing industry)



PROC1 Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure

PROC2 Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure

PROC3 Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)

PROC4 Use in batch and other process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposure arises



PROC8b Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE



PROC13 Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring

PROC14 Production of preparations* or articles by tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation


ERC6a Industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates)

ERC6b Industrial use of reactive processing aids

ERC6d Industrial use of process regulators for polymerisation processes in production of resins, rubbers, polymers


Use of substance as an intermediate (not related to Strictly Controlled Conditions). Includes recycling/ recovery, material transfers, storage, sampling, associated laboratory activities, maintenance and loading (including marine vessel/barge, road/rail car and bulk container).

Formulation, packing and re-packing of the substance and its mixtures in batch or continuous operations, including storage, materials transfers, mixing, tabletting, compression, pelletisation, extrusion, large and small scale packing, sampling, maintenance and associated laboratory activities.

Activities: Production (pounds, process monitoring), Maintenance (flushing of pipelines and apparatus, repair activities)


Section 2.1: Control of worker exposure Product characteristics


Concentration of substance in product Covers percentage substance in the product up to 25% [G12]. Typically <15%, 3-5%







PROC1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8a, 8b, 9, 13, 14 General measures applicable to all activities [CS135].

Handle substance within a closed system [E47]. Provide extract ventilation to points where emissions occur [E54].



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Drain down and flush system prior to equipment break-in or maintenance [E55]. Ensure operatives are trained to minimise exposures [EI19]. Wear suitable gloves (tested to EN374) and eye protection [PPE19]. Wear suitable coveralls to prevent exposure to the skin [PPE27]. Remove contaminated clothing, contaminated footwear and dispose of safely. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. In the case of hazardous fumes, wear self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).




Amounts used Refer to EUROCHLOR data of 1994





Available chlorine in effluent is measured as total residual chlorine (TRC). Do not release into the environment.

Do not let product enter drains.

In case of accidental release: dam up and absorb on an inert material.







2000

Dilute with water

Neutralize contaminated water with a sodium thiosulphate solution.





SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


Clean containers with water.



NR


NR


3.1. Health Production of other chemicals No acute/short-term exposure was considered. All exposure periods were long term, covering repeated (>4h/day) work shifts. For long term exposure of workers to HOCl only dermal exposure was considered. Being an anion, ClO- will not volatilise from aqueous solutions. Workers involved in chemicals production can be exposed to chlorine in the atmosphere, which could be emitted during sodium hypochlorite use in chemical synthesis. Available data on inhalation exposure to hypochlorite based on available data for chlorine was adapted from the EU Chlorine Risk Assessment Report (2007) to production of chemicals. Exposure concentrations were modelled using EASE(v2.0). Textile industry Only dermal exposure was considered. Exposure concentrations were modelled using EASE(v2.0). Sewage treatment and cooling water treatment Only dermal exposure was considered. Exposure concentrations were modelled using EASE(v2.0). Pulp and paper Human exposure to hypochlorite in the pulp and paper industry in Western Europe is insignificant (CEPI review, 1998). 3.2. Environment Production of other chemicals There is practically no release of sodium hypochlorite into the environment during production of chemicals. Textile industry An estimate of waste flow from wool bleaching of 8 – 25 m3/t is reported in the European Commission; Technical Guidance Document. As no detailed information is available, the estimate provided by TGD of 1.5t/day for wool for processed goods per day is applied for the emission calculation. PEC for NaClO in the bleaching effluent was assumed to be negligible given dechlorination with sulphite is part of the process. Sewage treatment and cooling water treatment Releases taken into account for the exposure estimation: European consumption of hypochlorite and chlorine for sewage treatment are respectively 15.18 and 9.55kt/year chlorine equivalent (EUROCHLOR data, 1994). Cooling water Releases taken into account for the exposure estimation: The consumption of hypochlorite produced by the chemical industry for cooling water applications is estimated at 5.58kt/year chlorine equivalent. The use of gaseous chlorine is rather similar with 4.80kt/year chlorine equivalent for the



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE


year 1994. Furthermore chlorine is sometimes produced electrochemically on site for cooling water applications in electrical power plants. Pulp and paper Releases taken into account for the exposure estimation: Consumption of hypochlorite and chlorine in the pulp and paper industry has been reduced drastically in recent years. Consumption for the year 1994 was 17.43 and 8.53kt/year chlorine equivalent for chlorine and hypochlorite, respectively, but it is expected that the current use is still lower. SECTION 4: GUIDANCE TO CHECK COMPLIANCE WITH THE EXPOSURE SCENARIO

4.1. Health Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessary to define appropriate site-specific risk management measures [DSU1]. 4.2. Environment No additional risk management measures required [DSU7].



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EXPOSURE SCENARIO 3 of 4 ES2 - Worker in Industrial & Professional Settings

SECTION 1: EXPOSURE SCENARIO TITLE Title ES2 – Industrial & professional cleaning use of Sodium Hypochlorite ; CAS

7681-52-9 Use Descriptors

Sector of use category (SU): Main User Groups*

SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial sites

SU22 Professional uses: Public domain (administration, education, entertainment, services, craftsmen)





PROC7 Industrial spraying



PROC10 Roller application or brushing

PROC11 Non industrial spraying

PROC13 Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring

PROC15 Use as laboratory reagent


ERC8b Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances in open systems

ERC8e Wide dispersive outdoor use of reactive substances in open systems


Covers the use as component of cleaning products.


Section 2.1: Control of worker exposure (Professional Use) Product characteristics






SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE







PROC5, 7, 8a, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15 General measures applicable to all activities [CS135].

Provide extract ventilation to points where emissions occur [E54]. Wear suitable gloves (tested to EN374) and eye protection [PPE19]. Wear suitable coveralls to prevent exposure to the skin [PPE27].

Section 2.2: Control of environmental exposure (Professional Use) Product characteristics








Available chlorine in effluent is measured as total residual chlorine (TRC).







2000

Avoid important releases to the environment (surface water or soil) or to wastewaters. Neutralize contaminated water with a sodium thiosulphate solution.


Dam up and absorb on an inert material

External treatment and disposal of waste should comply with applicable local and/or national regulations [ETW3].


NR



SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE



NR


3.1. Health DERMAL EXPOSURE A. Model Prediction. In line with the approach followed to estimate dermal exposure to hypochlorite for consumers, the dermal exposure in I&I applications was predicted. The following "worst case" assumptions have been made for the I&I exposure scenario in analogy to the consumer scenario: 1. No gloves are worn. 2. A fixed amount of sodium hypochlorite actually penetrating the skin is estimated and assumed

as 10 %. 3. The Exposure model considers a 0.01 cm film of substance solution is left to dry on skin,

meaning all substance in it would be available for absorption. 4. The surface area of the entire hand is assumed to be wetted with cleaning solution in a

household scenario, whereas realistically, often only the palm might be exposed. B. Estimate of the occupational dermal exposure through EASE2.0, when diluting solutions lower than 5 % in several I&I scenarios. INHALATION Estimated exposure to NaOCl (as available chlorine), using static sampling and personal dosimetry data. 3.2. Environment Sodium hypochlorite is shown to disappear rapidly from all use scenarios investigated, by either rapid reduction in factory effluent or in the sewer. FAC concentrations at the end of sewers are reasonably estimated to be negligible. SECTION 4: GUIDANCE TO CHECK COMPLIANCE WITH THE EXPOSURE SCENARIO

4.1. Health Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessary to define appropriate site-specific risk management measures [DSU1]. 4.2. Environment Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessary to define appropriate site-specific risk management measures [DSU1].

*Specific Uses covered: Α. Industrial Premises Cleaning/Disinfection in Food & Beverage industries Α1. Cleaning-in-place (CIP) application A2. Open plant spray cleaning application B. Professional general hard surface cleaning B1. Mop & bucket B2. cloth & bucket B3. trigger spray with ready-to-use solution C. Hospital Disinfection C1. General disinfection C2. Instrument disinfection D. Cleaning/Disinfection in food preparation establishments (kitchens / restaurants) D1. Kitchen disinfection (mop & bucket) D2. Mechanical ware washing



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E. Cleaning/Disinfection in Microbiological laboratories E1. Cleaning of bench tops E2. Cleaning and disinfection of laboratory tools (bottles, tubes, etc.)



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EXPOSURE SCENARIO 4 of 4

ES3 - Consumers SECTION 1: EXPOSURE SCENARIO TITLE

Title ES3 – Consumer use of Sodium Hypochlorite ; CAS 7681-52-9

Use Descriptors

Sector of use category (SU): Main User Groups SU21 Consumer uses: Private households (= general public = consumers)


Chemical product category (PC) PC19 Intermediate

PC34 Textile dyes, finishing and impregnating products; including bleaches and other processing aids

PC35 Washing and cleaning products (including solvent based products)

PC37 Water treatment chemicals


Environmental Release Category (ERC) ERC8a Wide dispersive indoor use of processing aids in open systems

ERC8b Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances in open systems

ERC8d Wide dispersive outdoor use of processing aids in open systems

ERC8e Wide dispersive outdoor use of reactive substances in open systems

The environmental release categories mentioned above are assumed to be the most important ones but other industrial environmental release categories could also be possible (ERC8-11b).


Covers the use in household and drinking water.











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NR


NR


NR



2000


Household wastewater is treated in municipal sewage treatment plants.


NR


NR


3.1. Health DERMAL EXPOSURE The potential dermal exposure was calculated considering the two typical usages of NaOCl, which could lead to exposure to the substance: hand washing/Laundry pre-treatment and hard surface cleaning. INHALATION Data from the breathing zone measurements relating to particle number and particle mass were automatically calculated by the APS and associated software. 3.2. Environment

SECTION 4: GUIDANCE TO CHECK COMPLIANCE WITH THE EXPOSURE SCENARIO

4.1. Health

4.2. Environment

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