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Difference Between Starch & Glycogen
Starch – storage of glucose in plants
Glycogen – storage of glucose in animals
Sweetness of Sugars
Some sugars taste more or less sweet than each other. If the sweetness of sucrose, is arbitrarily assigned a
sweetness of 100%, then here’s how other common sugars compare:
Sugar Sweetnessfructose: 173%sucrose: 100%glucose: 74%maltose: 33%galactose: 33%lactose: 16%
Proteins
Made up of amino acids - “building blocks of proteins”
Plants & animals Need to be broken down into amino
acids before our body can use them› Made into proteins to be used › Converted to energy› Stored as fat
Why Do We Need Protein? Proteins are essential in order for our
body to function correctly.1. Enzymes2. Transportation & Storage3. Cell & Tissue Growth4. Mechanical Support5. Coordination & Motion6. Immune Protection7. Nerve Generation & Impulses8. Fluid Balances
Read handout describing in more detail what each of these actually mean.
Amino Acids
Non-essential amino acids – ones that can be produced in our body (12)
Essential amino acids – ones that are required in the diet but body cannot make – need to get from foods we eat
Essential Amino Acids (8)
Phenylalaline Tryptophan Valine Leucine
Isoleucine Lysine Methionine Arginine
Functions of Proteins in Foods
Three major functions› Color› Texture› Flavor
Influenced by whipping, beating, adding ingredients or heating
Color
Not clear – cut Maillard Reaction – browning reaction
between an amino group & carbohydrate
Proteins & sugars – most common reaction